Successful Ultra-Conservative Management of a Mandibular Premolar with Dens Invaginatus

Dens invaginatus is one of the most common anomalies of tooth structure. It is caused by the invagination of the crown surface during odontogenesis that enters the pulp chamber of the affected tooth. Depending on the complexity of invagination, the tooth might present with pulp necrosis, open apex and a complicated root canal system. This case report presents an Oehlers’ type 2 dens-invaginatus in a mandibular premolar with chronic apical abscess. In most cases, dens invaginatus is removed during treatment. However, in this case report, based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation, non-surgical treatment and maintenance of the invaginated segment was chosen in order to prevent compromising the tooth structure and its susceptibility to future root fracture. This is a new treatment approach and has not been performed in previous reports. Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement was used as an apical plug followed by gutta-percha in warm vertical compaction for root canal obturation. The case was followed up for 36 months after treatment. This report highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate treatment approach based on CBCT evaluation.Keywords: Apical Plug; Calcium-enriched Mixture Cement; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dens Invaginatus; Non-surgical Endodontic Treatmen

A Case of Giant Gastric Trichobezoar

Trichobezoar is an unusual form of bezoar found in the digestive tract, mostly in the stomach. The patient is often a female in her adolescence who pulls out and swallows her hair. This habit could stem from anxiety and the trichotillomania disorder. These hairs accumulate in the stomach and cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Our patient is a 14-year-old girl who came to us complaining of abdominal pain. Upon further evaluation by ultrasonography and endoscopy, trichobezoar was diagnosed. Laparotomy and gastrotomy were performed,and a large bezoar was removed. Although the occurrence of trichobezoar is rare, surgeons should always consider the situation in patients with vague gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological problems, especially in young female individuals

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus Infection by Quantitative Chemiluminescent in Tabriz (North West of Iran), 2010-2011

Background: Hepatitis B is considered as one of the most common infectious diseases. The contamination of this virus has caused hygienic problems all over the world. Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are most important consequences of this disease. The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of infection in Tabriz North West of Iran.Materials and Methods: This study is carried out, on partial and short time basis between 2010 and 2011, on test results of 21421 examined individuals whom have visited clinics in Tabriz. HBsAg of the samples was analyzed with chemiluminescence apparatus and finally, SPSS software was used to conduct the statistical examination of the results.Results: Among 21421 examined individuals (5021 cases in 2010 and 16400 cases in 2011), 594 samples (2.77%) were reported positive and 20827 samples (97.23%) were reported negative.Conclusion: According to the results, gender was not a determining factor affecting the susceptibility of patients. Our country is endemic to this disease, so diagnostic and preventive methods are crucial, more over comprehensive national vaccination can help to noticeably reduce the infectious cases caused by the disease

Treatment of a Maxillary Second Molar with One Buccal and Two Palatal Roots Confirmed with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Root canal configuration is an important subject in endodontic practice and dentists should be familiar with all possible types of root canal configuration. A forty-three year old male was referred for root canal treatment of his maxillary left second molar tooth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Pre-operative radiographs showed a three rooted molar. However, after access cavity preparation two palatal and one buccal orifices were detected. The patient was informed of the unusual root canal anatomy and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was ordered for precise evaluation of the anatomy. CBCT image confirmed the presence of one buccal and two palatal root canals; an exceptionally rare condition.Keywords: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Maxillary Second Molar; Palatal Roots; Root Anatom

The effects of supplemented sericin on in vitro maturation and preimplantation development of mouse embryos: An experimental study

Background: Mouse embryo culture condition is an essential part of transgenic, reproductive and developmental biology laboratories. Mouse embryonic culture media may have a high risk of serum contamination with pathogens.  Objective: To investigate the effect of sericin as an embryo culture medium supplement on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and development of the preimplantation embryo in mice. Materials and Methods: The effects of sericin at three concentrations (subgroups) of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% as a medium supplement on IVM, IVF, and in vitro development of mouse embryos were separately investigated and compared with a sericin-free (control) group. The cumulative effect of the three concentrations was evaluated for IVM + in vitro development and IVF + in vitro development as follow-up groups. Results: In the IVM group, compared to the control group, the number of oocysts reaching the MII stage was significantly higher when 1% sericin was used (161/208 = 77.4%). No significant results were observed in the IVF and in vitro development groups with different concentrations of sericin compared to the control group. Among the follow-up groups, in the IVM + in vitro development group, the number of oocytes was higher after passing the IVM and IVF and reaching the blastocysts stage when 1% sericin was used, compared with other sericin subgroups. A significant difference was also noted when compared with the control group (p = 0.048). The IVF + in vitro development study group, on the other hand, did not show any significant relationship. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 1% sericin can be used as a supplement in mouse embryo cultures to improve the IVM rate. Also, based on the findings, sericin appears to be an effective supplement which can have a positive effect on the development of embryos derived from IVM. Key words: Sericin, In vitro maturation, In vitro fertilization, Preimplantation embryo, Culture medium, Mice