Effects of Thiobacillus, Sulfur and Micronutrient Spray on Some Traits of Green Beans

A factorial experiment with the split plot arrangement using the complete randomized block design with three replications was carried out adjacent to the Agriculture School of Shahrood University of Technology in 2010-2011 to study the effects of sulfur and Thiobacillus application and zinc and molybdenum sprays on some traits of green beans. The treatments included three levels of sulfur (zero, 100 kg/ha of sulfur powder, and 100 kg/ha of sulfur powder + Thiobacillus bacteria) as the main factor, and three levels of zinc spray (0, 5, and 10g/l) and two levels of molybdenum spray (0 and 0.5 g/l) as the sub-main factors. The treatments that included sulfur were applied before seeding. Zinc (using zinc sulfate) and molybdenum (using sodium molybdate) were sprayed during the growing season and 5 weeks after planting. Results showed the treatment of applying sulfur at 100 kg/hectare and Thiobacillus bacteria increased leaf fresh and dry weights by 57 and 54%, mean pod length by 14%, and number of lateral branches by 25% compared to the control. Moreover, this treatment increased pod fresh and dry weights by 41.6 and 42.11%, respectively, compared to the treatment of not applying sulfur, and improved yield by 42% compared to the control. Considering the results concerning yield in response to sulfur, zinc, and molybdenum, it can be said that application of sulfur and Thiobacillus together with zinc spray can be very useful in growing green beans

Challenges in the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting in randomized clinical trial studies : A systematic review

This study was funded by Iran University of Medical Sciences (grant number 97-01-27-33259).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Is Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) a sign of Encephalitis in Iranian Newborns? Prevalence of HSV Infection in Pregnant Women in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

How to Cite This Article: Arabsalmani M, Behzadifar M, Baradaran HR, Toghae M, Beyranvand Gh, Olyaeemanesh A, Behzadifar M. Is Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) a sign of Encephalitis in Iranian Newborns? Prevalence of HSV Infection in Pregnant Women in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Child Neurol.Spring 2017; 11(2):1-7. AbstractObjectiveHerpes Simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus in pregnant women in Iran.Materials & MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to study the HSV subtypes in Persian and English papers through several databases. We searched Pub Med, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct and national databases as Magiran, Iranmedex and Science Information Database (SID) up to October 2015. Random-effects model were applied to calculate the pooled prevalence of HSV subtypes.ResultsFive eligible studies were identified, including 1140 participants. The pooled prevalence of HSV infection in pregnant women was 0.64% (95% CI: 0.10- 1.18) in Iran. The pooled prevalence of studies on both HSV-1 and HSV-2 was 0.91% (CI: 0.81-1.02) and studies on only HSV-2 was 0.23% (CI: -0.61-0.63), respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of HSV infection in pregnant women in Iran was higher. HSV infection of the central nervous system, especially with HSV-2, can also cause recurrent aseptic meningitis and monophasic, as well as radiuculitis or myelitis. The performance of screening to detect infection in pregnant women can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of patients and help to prevent the transmission of HSV infection to infants in Iran.References 1.Xu F, Sternberg MR, Kottiri BJ, McQuillan GM, Lee FK, Nahmias AJ, et al. Trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States. JAMA Neurol 2006; 296:964-73.2.Bochner AF, Madhivanan P, Niranjankumar B, Ravi K, Arun A, Krupp K, et al. The Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Infection among Pregnant Women in Rural Mysore Taluk, India. J Sex Transm Dis 2013; 2013:1-6.3.Kulhanjian JA, Soroush V, Au DS, Bronzan RN, Yasukawa LL, Weylman LE, et al. Identification of women at unsuspected risk of primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1992; 326 :916–20.4.Whitley RJ, Corey L, Arvin A, Lakeman FD, Sumaya CV, Wright PF, et al. Changing presentation of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates. J Infect Dis 1988; 158:109–16.5.Cusini M, Ghislanzoni M. The importance of diagnosing genital herpes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47:9-16.6.Cherpes TL, Meyn LA, Krohn MA, Lurie JG, Hillier SL. Association between acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 2 in women and bacterial vaginosis. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:319-25.7.Gottlieb SL, Douglas JM, Schmid DS, Bolan G, Iatesta M, Malotte CK, et al. Seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in five sexually transmitted–disease clinics. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:1381-9.8.Arvaja M, Lehtinen M, Koskela P, Lappalainen M, Paavonen J, Vesikari T. Serological evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infections in pregnancy. J Sex Transm Infect 1999;75:168-71.9.Brown ZA, Selke S, Zeh J, Kopelman J, Maslow A, Ashley RL, et al. The acquisition of herpes simplex virus during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:509-16.10.Anzivino E, Fioriti D, Mischitelli M, Bellizzi A, Barucca V, Chiarini F, et al. Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy and in neonate: status of art of epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Virol J 2009; 6: 68-74.11.Weiss H. Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the developing world. Herpes 2004;11:24-35.12.Swetha G, Pinninti, David W, Kimberlin. Preventing HSV in the Newborn. Clin Perinatol 2014; 41:945–55.13.Sheffield JS, Hill JB, Hollier LM, Laibl VR, Roberts SW, Sanchez PJ. Valacyclovir prophylaxis to prevent recurrent herpes at delivery: a randomized clinical trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108:141-7.14.Watts DH, Brown ZA, Money D, Selke S, Huang ML, Sacks SL. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acyclovir in late pregnancy for the reduction of herpes simplex virus shedding and cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188:836-43.15.Bulletin AP. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 45:102- 13.16.Curtis N, Finn A, Pollard A. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: where are we now? Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children VII. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2011. P.146.17.Allen UD, Robinson JL. Prevention and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Pediatr Child Health 2014;19:19-31.18.Bernstein DI, Bellamy AR, Hook EW, Levin MJ, Wald A, Ewell MG, et al. Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Antibody Response to Primary Infection With Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 in Young Women. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56:344-51.19.Whitley R, Arvin A, Prober C, Corey L, Burchett S, Plotkin S, et al. Predictors of morbidity and mortality in neonates with herpes simplex virus infections. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:450-4.20.Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:573–7.21.Higgins JP, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 5thed. London, UK: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011.P.420.22.Danesh Shahraki A, Moghim S, Akbari P. Evaluation of the Serum Level of Herpes Simplex Type 2 Antibody among Pregnant Women in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan. J Red Med Sci 2010;15:243.23.Bagheri Josheghani S, Moniri R, Baghbani Taheri F, Sadat S, Heidarzadeh Z. The Prevalence of Serum antibodies in TORCH Infections during the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Kashan, Iran. Iran J Neonatol 2015; 6:8-12.24.Ghasemi FS, Rasti S, Piroozmand A, Fakhrie-Kashan Z, Mousavi GA. Relationship between the prevalence of antibodies against cytomegalo, rubella, and herpes simplex viruses in women with spontaneous abortion compared to normal delivery. J Feyz 2015;19:86-92.25.Pourmand D, Janbakhsh A, Hamzehi K, Dinarvand F, Ahmadi D. Seroepide Miological Study of Herpes Simplex Virus in Pregnant Women Referring to Health and Care Center in Kermanshah. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2008;11:462-9.26.Golalipour MJ, Khodabakhshi B, Ghaemi E. Possible role of TORCH agents in congenital malformations in Gorgan, northern Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2009;15:330-6.27.Chen KT, Segu M, Lumey LH, Kuhn L, Carter RJ, Bulterys M, et al. Genital herpes simplex virus infection and perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106:1341-8.28.Ali S, Khan FA, Mian AA, Afzal MS. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and rubella virus among pregnant women in KPK province of Pakistan. J Infect Dev Ctries 2014;18:389-90.29.Hezarjaribi HZ, Fakhar M, Shokri A, Teshnizi SH, Sadough A, Taghavi M. Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Iranian general population of women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitol Res 2015;114:1291- 300.30.Sauerbrei A, Wutzler P. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections during pregnancy: current concepts of prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Part 1: herpes simplex virus infections. Med Microbiol Immunol 2007; 196:89–9431.Büchner S, Erni P, Garweg J, Gerber S, Kempf W, Lauper U, et al. Swiss recommendations for the management of genital herpes and herpes simplex virus infection of the neonate. Swiss Medi Wkly 2004; 134:205–21432.Meerbach A, Sauerbrei A, Meerbach W, Bittrich HJ, Wutzler P. Fatal outcome of herpes simplex virus type 1-induced necrotic hepatitis in a neonate. Med Microbiol Immunol 2006; 195:101–10533.Tyler KL. Herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system: encephalitis and meningitis, including Mollaret’s. Herpes 2004. ; 11:57A-64A34.Corey L, Whitley RJ, Stone EF, Mohan K. Difference between herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 neonatal encephalitis in neurological outcome. Lancet 1988; 1:1-435.Berger JR, Houff S. Neurological complications of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Arch Neurol 2008.; 65:596-60036.Gallo MF, Warner L, Macaluso M, Stone KM, Brill I, Fleenor ME. Risk factors for incident herpes simplex type 2 virus infection among women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35:679–85.37.Riley LE. Herpes simplex virus. Semin Perinatal 1998; 22:284-92.38.Lankarani KB, Alavian SM, Peymani P. Health in the Islamic Republic of Iran, challenges and progresses. Med J Islamic Repub Iran 2013; 27:42.39.Hoaglin DC. Assessment of heterogeneity in meta-analyses. JAMA Neurol 2014; 312:2286-7

Relationship of CD147 kidney expression with various pathologic lesions, biochemical and demographic data in patients with classes III and IV of lupus nephritis

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the kidney in around 50% of patients Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess CD147 expression with various pathologic lesions, biochemical and demographic data in patients with classes III and IV lupus nephritis. Patients and Methods: These patients with lupus nephritis classes II and IV by renal biopsy and pathology were enrolled in this study. The strength of CD147 staining on tubules, Bowman’s capsules, vessels and tuft of glomeruli was expressed as proportion of involvement. Results: In this study, 23 renal biopsies for lupus nephritis of classes III and IV (documented by immunofluorescence and light microscopic studies) were included. No significant difference of CD147 staining between classes was detected (P > 0.05). In addition, proportion of proteinuria was not related to CD147 staining in tubules, Bowman’s capsules, vessels and tuft of glomeruli in classes III and IV lupus nephritis (P > 0.05). There was no significant association of CD147 staining in tubules, Bowman’s capsules and vessels with serum creatinine (P > 0.05). However, an association between CD147 staining in tuft of glomeruli with serum creatinine was detected (r=0.623, P = 0.002). None of chronicity or activity percent of glomerular involvement in two classes of III or IV had a significant association with CD147 staining (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The significant association between CD147 staining in glomeruli with serum creatinine in lupus nephritis of classes III and IV revealed that inflammation at this area may have prognostic implication

Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Iran : A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Evaluation of protective effects of non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 against the nitroglycerine-induced acute and chronic animal models of migraine: A mechanistic study

Aim: Migraine is a neurological debilitating disorder. Previous studies have shown that cannabinoid receptor agonists have analgesic effects in various models of pain. In this study, therefore, we investigated anti-nociceptive effects of WIN 55,212-2, and the role of either CB1 or CB2 receptors in nitroglycerine (NTG)-induced animal model of migraine. Methods: The present study was conducted on both male and female rats receiving NTG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce acute (single dose of NTG) and chronic (repetitive doses of NTG) models of migraine. Additionally, three groups received WIN 55,212-2 (0.33, 1, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) 45 min before behavioral tests. Additionally, AM251 and AM630 (CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonist, respectively, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) were used to evaluate the possible involvement of CB1 and CB2 receptors during the protective effects of WIN 55,212-2. Key findings: We found that NTG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in both acute and chronic models increased sensitivity to pain. In acute model, we found that WIN 55,212-2 (almost high doses) decreases the level of pain mainly through CB1 receptor due to CB1 antagonist abrogates its protective effects, however, in formalin test CB2 receptors also had crucial roles in both phases at 3 mg/kg of WIN 55,212-2. In chronic model, WIN 55,212-2 (0.33, 1 and 3 mg/kg) significantly attenuated NTG-induced hyperalgesia through both CB1 and CB2 receptors. Significance: Our data supported the argument that activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors by WIN 55,212-2 may be considered a new medication for migraine, however in lack of each receptor leads to different responses from deletion to the reduction of analgesic effects. © 2019 Elsevier Inc

Clinical Characteristics of Fatal Cases of COVID-19 in Tabriz, Iran: An Analysis of 111 Patients

Introduction: The rapid worldwide spread, in addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have raised concern throughout the world. Identifying the characteristics of patients who died of COVID-19 is essential to implement preventive measures. Objective: We aimed at investigating these characteristics among the Iranian population in Tabriz. Methods: In this case series, we analyzed clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and imaging findings of 111 patients with a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who died during hospitalization. The studied patients had been admitted to the hospital between February 2020 and May 2020. Results: The median age of patients was 73 years (IQR, 62-82 years) and approximately 70% of them were male. The median oxygen saturation on admission was 88% (IQR, 80-92%) and dyspnea, cough, and fever were the most common presenting symptoms. Among comorbidities, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases were more frequently observed among patients who had a fatal outcome. While ground-glass opacity was the most commonly reported finding on chest computed tomography, 5% of the patients had no abnormal finding on imaging. Chloroquine was the most frequently used medication for treatment. Conclusion: Our results showed that the majority of COVID-19 deaths occurred in male elderly with decreased levels of oxygen saturation and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase and erythrocyte sedimentation rate on admission

General health status in Iranian diabetic patients assessed by short-form-36 questionnaire : A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Type 2 diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) : results of the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery study

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the staff at the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center (MISRC) in Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital. Funding Information: This study was supported by the Deputy of Research of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Immune checkpoints in targeted-immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer: New hope for clinical development

Immunotherapy has been recently considered as a promising alternative for cancer treatment. Indeed, targeting of immune checkpoint (ICP) strategies have shown significant success in human malignancies. However, despite remarkable success of cancer immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer (PCa), many of the developed immunotherapy methods show poor therapeutic outcomes in PCa with no or few effective treatment options thus far. In this process, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is found to be the main obstacle to the effectiveness of antitumor immune response induced by an immunotherapy method. In this paper, the latest findings on the ICPs, which mediate immunosuppression in the TME have been reviewed. In addition, different approaches for targeting ICPs in the TME of PCa have been discussed. This review has also synopsized the cutting-edge advances in the latest studies to clinical applications of ICP-targeted therapy in PCa