Massive Uveal Relapse of Retinoblastoma Presumed to Be Choroidal Tumorous Involvement: Case Series

We report the choroidal and ciliary body invasion by retinoblastoma (RB) in a salvaged eye after complete and successful primary treatment. Case 1: A 25-month-old boy was referred due to group B RB lesions based on the International Classification of RB (ICRB; groups A–E) in the right eye (OD). His left eye (OS) was enucleated because of advanced group E RB. After 47 months of uneventful follow-up (F/U), a new lesion recurred and was treated with transpupillary thermotherapy. Four months later, a fast-growing pigmented subretinal mass was detected that was treated by brachytherapy with the apical dose of 80 Gy. Three weeks later, the lesion regressed completely, and no recurrence happened after 6 years of F/U. Case 2: A 4-month-old girl with a deletion in chromosome 13 was referred for bilateral RB. OD was enucleated because of unresponsive RB and anterior segment involvement. In OS, group B lesions had multiple recurrences after systemic chemotherapy. After a while, a single mass appeared in the nasal periphery which was controlled well with brachytherapy. Four months later, AC involvement was controlled with IAC, intravitreal, and intracameral chemotherapy, but posterior synechia and cataract appeared later. One year after the last treatment, UBM showed a ring-shaped ciliary body mass. Her parents refused enucleation again, and she received intravenous chemotherapy. Two years later, magnetic resonance imaging showed orbital and optic canal involvement with a deformed globe. In conclusion, RB recurrence can appear as local choroidal and ciliary body involvement even after a time of complete remission. The role of B-scan and UBM in early diagnosis and successful treatment is valuable

Study on the prevalence and intensity of three parasites in sturgeon fingerlings cultured in earthen ponds

In 2001, we studied 2600 sturgeon fingerlings including: 2242 Acipenser persicus, 150 Acipenser stellatus, 150 Acipenser nudiventris and 58 Huso huso from Shahid Beheshti and Yousefpour hatcheries for parasitic infection. We found three parasites including Diplostomum spathaceum, Trichodina sp. and Gyrodactylus sp infesting the fish. The prevalence and average intensity of Diplostomum spathaceum was 5.49% and 1.66 for Acipenser persicus, 0.66% and I for Acipenser stellatus and, 22.41% and 5.38, for Huso huso fingerlings respectively. No Diplostomum infection was observed in Acipenser nudiventris. The prevalence and average infection intensity of Trichodina sp. was 45.05% and 76.14 for Acipenser persicus, 44% and 51.36 for Acipenser stellatus, 36% and 63.51 for Acipenser nudiventris, and 32.76% and 34.73 for Huso huso fingerlings, respectively. Totally, the prevalence of Gyrodactylus sp. was 0.46% in the two hatcheries. The prevalence of infection with Gyrodactylus sp. was 0.36% in Acipenser persicus and 2.66% in Acipenser stellatus

Overview of BAP1 cancer predisposition syndrome and the relationship to uveal melanoma

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review the genetics, epidemiology, clinical findings, and management of BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) cancer predisposition syndrome, particularly focusing on the development of uveal melanoma (UM). Methods: This is a review article based on eligible studies identified by systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, and reference lists. Results: UM is the most common primary intraocular malignancy. Most UM cases are sporadic, but a small percentage has been documented with familial tendency. Until recently, there was little information regarding the genetics of this malignant tumor, and we have now begun to understand the pathways of development. BAP1 is a scavenger protein that regulates cell cycle, cellular differentiation, and DNA damage response. Patients and families with germline BAP1 mutation are predisposed to familial cancers including UM, mesothelioma, cutaneous melanoma (CM), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and others. Clinicians should be aware of the implications of germline BAP1 mutation and advise genetic testing and assessment for BAP1 germline mutation in suspected patients and families. Conclusions: The ability of BAP1 gene mutation to cause multiple tumor types and high penetrance in carriers suggests that this gene has an important role for influencing cancer cell growth. With progress in understanding the molecular landscape of UM and the development of treatments targeted to the pathways involving BAP1 and other gene mutations, it is possible to improve the outcome of this malignant cancer. Keywords: Uveal melanoma, Mesothelioma, Renal cell carcinoma, BAP1 cancer predisposition syndrome, BRCA1-associated protein-1, BAP

Pelvic Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimicking Stage IV Ovarian Cancer: Case Report

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common infectious cause of human death. After the lung, genitourinary tract is the most common site for TB infection. Pelvic tuberculosis should be considered in young women presented with pelvic mass, ascites, fever, an elevated CA125 level, negative cytology, and positive history of contact with affected person. A 24- year- old girl presented as stage IV ovarian cancer due to pelvic mass, ascites, bilateral multiple lung nodules is described. Further evaluation revealed inflammatory lesion of the left sacroiliac joint. Serum CA 125 was normal. PCR on tissue specimen from sacroiliac joint showed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Within two months after anti TB therapy pelvic mass, ascites and lung nodules resolved completely without any surgical intervention.This is the first case of active pelvic tuberculosis with normal CA125 that has been reported up to now

Interocular Axial Length Difference and Treatment Outcomes of Anisometropic Amblyopia

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of interocular axial length (AL) difference on outcomes of treatment for anisometropic amblyopia in comparison with normal participants. Methods: In this historical cohort study, 83 patients with anisometropic amblyopia were divided into two age groups, 70 children (mean, 7.86 ± 1.56 and range, 5–15 years) and 13 adults (mean, 26.46 ± 10.87 and range, 16–45 years). The control group consisted of 43 non-amblyopic children and 17 non-amblyopic adults. Treatment outcomes after a period of one year were defined as successful or unsuccessful when posttreatment amblyopic corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was reported as ≤0.9 versus CDVA ≤ 0.8, respectively. AL was measured using a Lenstar LS900 (Haag-Streit AG, Switzerland). Results: Fifty-nine patients showed satisfactory treatment outcomes (55 children and 4 adults), while unsuccessful treatment outcomes were observed in 24 patients (15 children and 9 adults). The mean of amblyopia treatment duration was 1.24 ± 0.76 years. The mean of interocular AL difference in all patients, control, successful and unsuccessful treatment outcome groups were 0.49 ± 0.70mm (range, 0.00–3.89 mm), 0.12 ± 0.07 mm (range, 0.02–0.41), 0.33 ± 0.23 mm (range, 0.00–0.99 mm), and 1.81 ± 0.80 mm (range, 1.14–3.89 mm), respectively. In both age groups, the mean of interocular AL difference in patients with unsuccessful treatment outcomes was greater than those with successful treatment outcomes and that of the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the outcome of anisometropic amblyopia treatment may depend on the interocular AL difference

Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Hypertensive Patients Compared to Non- Hypertensive Individuals

Introduction: This study was designed to compare the lipid profiles of hypertensive and non-hypertensive cases. Materials and Methods:In this case-control study, we assessed 200 hypertensive patients alongside 200 healthy individuals who were referred to our cardiology clinics from 2007 to 2008, in Mashhad, Iran. Blood pressure and serum lipids profile including total cholesterol, triglyceride, High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were evaluated in both the case and control group. Results: Total cholesterol and the mean of serum LDL level were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients compared to non-hypertensive cases (P=0.001), while the mean of serum triglyceride levels was higher in the case group compared to the control group (P= 0.001). Conclusion: We concluded that only the serum triglyceride levels were significantly different between the hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals

Orbital primary intraosseous hemangioma in a three-month old infant: A case report

Purpose: To report a 3-month-old boy with rapid progressive orbital intraosseous hemangioma which was treated with excisional biopsy and orbital rim reconstruction. Observation: A 3-month-old boy was referred with the aggressive growth of a mass on the right orbital region. The mass was noted to develop over 4 weeks. On presentation this firm nontender orbital mass measuring 5 × 5cm mimicked a more ominous malignancy. The spiral computed tomography scan showed a destructive mass with protrusion superiorly and inferiorly toward the orbital cavity and anterior cranial fossa. The patient underwent gross tumor resection and reconstruction of the orbital rim. Histology findings revealed an intraosseous hemangioma. There was no evidence of recurrence after 1-year follow-up. Conclusion and Importance: Due to rapid progression, the patient's age, and lesion size, this case is unique. There were additional challenges regarding complete resection, intra-cranial extension, and significant blood loss in an infant. Therefore, in the face of rapidly progressing orbital tumors in infants, despite the very low prevalence of intraosseous hemangioma, this diagnosis should be considered