The Glengarry Highland Games, 1948-2003: Problematizing the Role of Tourism, Scottish Cultural Institutions, and the Cultivation of Nostalgia in the Construction of Identities

In the midst of dynamic socio-economic and cultural conditions, the Glengarry Highland Games were revived in a rural community of Eastern Ontario in 1948. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, this festival became the lifeblood of a movement perpetuating Scottish Highland cultural practices and (re)producing "Scottishness" as the dominant cultural currency in an ethnically diverse county. Using primary evidence in the forms of oral histories, newspapers, and archives, this paper examines how the expansion of spaces and opportunities to celebrate Scottish cultural practices has influenced the social construction of regional and cultural identities in Glengarry County from 1948 to the 21st century.Dans le cadre de conditions socioculturelles dynamiques, les Highland Games de Glengarry ont été ranimés dans une collectivité rurale de l’Est de l’Ontario en 1948. Au fur et à mesure de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, ce festival est devenu l’élement vital d’un mouvement perpétuant les pratiques culturelles écossaises highland et (re)produisant le fait écossais comme la composante culturelle dominante dans un comté hétérogène sur le plan ethnique. Cet article examine, grâce à des sources originales telles que des entrevues, des articles de journaux et des archives, comment la multiplication des espaces et des occasions de pratiques culturelles écossaises a influencé la construction sociale des identités régionales et culturelles dans le comté de Glengarry, de 1948 au XXIe siècle

Rethinking the revival and evolution of the Glengarry Scottish Highland Games: Antimodernism, commercialization, and cultural (re)production in rural eastern Ontario.

In 1784, after a prolonged and weary struggle to settle in North America, almost fifty families established a homogenous Scottish community in what is currently Glengarry County, Ontario. In 1840, the residents of Glengarry County established a Scottish Highland Games, but a lack of commitment and funding led to their discontinuation after only a few years. In 1948, following an absence of almost a century, the Glengarry Scottish Highland Games tradition was revived. This thesis examines the revival and evolution of the Glengarry Highland Games, including commercial, ideological, and cultural impacts. When rethinking the revival of the games in Glengarry, one cannot help but speculate why the summer of 1948 was chosen as the apposite date. An investigation, including archival resources, newspapers, and personal interviews, has illuminated several social developments that contributed to the revival. Glengarry residents celebrate the traditional dress, Celtic music, athletic pursuits, and history of the county by participating in the annual games and associating with the organizations that relentlessly maintain and perpetuate Scottish cultural traditions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2004 .M37. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-05, page: 1607. Adviser: Scott Martyn. Thesis (M.H.K.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2004

The Struggle for Indigenous Representation in Canadian National Parks: The Case of the Haida Totem Poles in Jasper

This research focused on the lack of Indigenous representation in Jasper National Park (JNP) and the negative impacts it has on Indigenous communities and their relationship with JNP management. These representational issues foster the formation and dissemination of problematic Indigenous stereotypes and reinforce pan-Indigenous notions in Jasper and Canada. Relying on Indigenous Methodologies, we conducted semi-structured interviews with members of the Jasper Indigenous Forum and JNP management. The research participants identified several areas of concern: Indigenous histories and cultures presented from non-Indigenous perspectives; a lack of consultation and cultural awareness; and the presence of culturally insensitive structures in the park, including the Haida Totem poles discussed in this article. Our findings encourage park managers to rethink representational images to account for the impacts on local Indigenous peoples and reconsider the educational opportunities to help reconcile the past and move forward to address some of the concerns of Indigenous peoples in Jasper and more broadly throughout North America

“We Hardly Have Any Moose Around Here Anymore”: Climate Change and the Barriers to Food Security in the Dehcho Region, Northwest Territories

Rural Indigenous communities across northern Canada are experiencing high rates of food insecurity as a result of complex constraints to accessing quality market foods and engaging in local food procurement. Climate change is impacting the ability of northern Indigenous communities to acquire, access, and utilize food that is culturally relevant and sustainable. This research examines the interconnected sociocultural, political, economic, and environmental challenges related to food security in the community of Fort Providence situated in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories. The objective of this research was to consult with community members to understand the impacts of climate change on local food procurement and to explore the myriad challenges related to food security. We utilized Indigenous methodologies to guide all aspects of the research. Evidence was collected using semi-structured interviews with Dene and Métis Elders, knowledgeable land-users, and other community members. Our research demonstrates that changing hydrological systems and ecosystems, unpredictable weather patterns, the presence of non-local harvesters, the loss of traditional knowledge, and the high costs of living in a rural northern community impact local food security. The results of this research can inform policies that reflect the needs of residents, address the distinct barriers to procuring local food, and provide a basis for understanding the complexities of food security in the Dehcho and other subarctic regions.Les collectivités autochtones rurales du Nord canadien connaissent des taux d’insécurité alimentaire élevés en raison de contraintes complexes en matière d’accès à des aliments du marché de qualité et d’engagement à s’approvisionner en nourriture locale. Le changement climatique a des incidences sur la capacité des collectivités autochtones du Nord à acquérir et utiliser des aliments culturellement pertinents et durables ou à y avoir accès. Cette recherche se penche sur les défis interreliés sur les plans socioculturel, politique, économique et environnemental liés à la sécurité alimentaire de la collectivité de Fort Providence située dans la région du Dehcho, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest. L’objectif de cette recherche consistait à consulter des membres de la collectivité dans le but de comprendre les effets du changement climatique sur l’approvisionnement alimentaire local et à explorer les nombreux défis qui se posent en matière de sécurité alimentaire. Nous avons employé des méthodologies autochtones pour guider tous les aspects de notre recherche. Des renseignements ont été recueillis dans le cadre d’entrevues semi-structurées avec des aînés dénés et métis, des utilisateurs des terres bien informés et d’autres membres de la collectivité. Notre recherche a permis de démontrer que les écosystèmes et les systèmes hydrologiques en pleine évolution, les régimes climatiques imprévisibles, la présence de récolteurs ne venant pas de la région, la perte des connaissances traditionnelles et le coût de la vie élevé dans une collectivité rurale nordique ont des conséquences sur la sécurité alimentaire à l’échelle locale. Les résultats de cette recherche peuvent éclairer des politiques tenant compte des besoins des résidents, aborder les obstacles distincts à l’approvisionnement alimentaire local et aider à comprendre les complexités de la sécurité alimentaire dans la région du Dehcho et dans d’autres régions subarctiques

Hoop House Gardening in the Wapekeka First Nation as an Extension of Land-Based Food Practices

Rural Indigenous communities in Canada’s North face many challenges getting regular access to nutritious foods, primarily because of the high cost of market food, restricted availability of nutritious foods, and lack of government support for nutritious food programs. The consequences of food insecurity in this context are expressed in high rates of diabetes, heart disease, and childhood obesity. Many Indigenous communities are responding to issues related to healthy food access by attempting to rebuild local food capacity in their specific regions. Important first steps have been taken in developing local food initiatives, yet whether these initiatives are improving northern food security remains to be seen. We explore this question by working with the Oji-Cree First Nation in the community of Wapekeka, northern Ontario, to construct a hoop house and develop a school-based community gardening program. Using a community-based participatory approach, we determined that hoop house and gardening initiatives in rural, northern settings have the potential to build up local food production, develop the skills and knowledge of community members, engage youth in growing local food, and align with land-based food teachings. We show that despite widespread and multidimensional community hardships, there was considerable community buy-in and support for the project, which gives hope for future development and provides important insight for those seeking to initiate similar gardening, hoop house, or greenhouse initiatives in northern Indigenous communities.Les collectivités autochtones du Canada en milieu rural nordique ont de nombreux défis à relever pour avoir régulièrement accès à de la nourriture nutritive, principalement en raison du coût élevé des denrées alimentaires du marché, de la disponibilité restreinte d’aliments nutritifs et du manque de soutien gouvernemental pour l’adoption de programmes de provisions alimentaires nutritives. Dans ce contexte, les conséquences de l’insécurité alimentaire s’expriment par des taux élevés de diabète, de maladies du coeur et d’obésité infantile. De nombreuses collectivités autochtones relèvent les défis d’accès à des denrées saines en tentant de renforcer la capacité alimentaire locale de leurs propres régions. Ils ont déjà pris d’importantes mesures pour aboutir à des initiatives alimentaires locales, mais il reste à voir si ces initiatives permettent d’améliorer la sécurité alimentaire dans le Nord. Nous nous penchons sur cette question de concert avec la Première Nation oji-cri dans la collectivité de Wapekeka, dans le nord de l’Ontario, en construisant plus précisément une serre à arceaux et en aménageant un programme de jardinage scolaire. Grâce à notre approche participative et communautaire, nous avons déterminé que la serre à arceaux et les initiatives de jardinage en milieu rural nordique ont la possibilité de se traduire par l’accumulation d’aliments produits à l’échelle locale, de favoriser l’acquisition de compétences et de connaissances, d’inciter les jeunes à cultiver des aliments localement et de mettre en valeur les enseignements relatifs à la nourriture provenant de la terre. Nous montrons que malgré les difficultés multidimensionnelles répandues dans la collectivité, ce projet a suscité un appui considérable de la part des gens, ce qui donne de l’espoir en vue de développements futurs et permet aux personnes désirant mettre en oeuvre des initiatives semblables de jardinage, de serres à arceaux et de serres ordinaires dans les collectivités autochtones nordiques d’acquérir d’importantes connaissances

The TESS-Keck Survey. XII. A Dense 1.8 R ⊕ Ultra-short-period Planet Possibly Clinging to a High-mean-molecular-weight Atmosphere after the First Gigayear

The extreme environments of ultra-short-period planets (USPs) make excellent laboratories to study how exoplanets obtain, lose, retain, and/or regain gaseous atmospheres. We present the confirmation and characterization of the USP TOI-1347 b, a 1.8±0.1 R⊕ planet on a 0.85 day orbit that was detected with photometry from the TESS mission. We measured radial velocities of the TOI-1347 system using Keck/HIRES and HARPS-N and found the USP to be unusually massive at 11.1±1.2 M⊕. The measured mass and radius of TOI-1347 b imply an Earth-like bulk composition. A thin H/He envelope (>0.01% by mass) can be ruled out at high confidence. The system is between 1 and 1.8 Gyr old; therefore, intensive photoevaporation should have concluded. We detected a tentative phase curve variation (3σ) and a secondary eclipse (2σ) in TESS photometry, which if confirmed could indicate the presence of a high-mean-molecular-weight atmosphere. We recommend additional optical and infrared observations to confirm the presence of an atmosphere and investigate its composition

The TESS-Keck Survey: Science Goals and Target Selection

Space-based transit missions such as Kepler and TESS have demonstrated that planets are ubiquitous. However, the success of these missions heavily depends on ground-based radial velocity (RV) surveys, which combined with transit photometry can yield bulk densities and orbital properties. While most Kepler host stars are too faint for detailed follow-up observations, TESS is detecting planets orbiting nearby bright stars that are more amenable to RV characterization. Here we introduce the TESS-Keck Survey (TKS), an RV program using ~100 nights on Keck/HIRES to study exoplanets identified by TESS. The primary survey aims are investigating the link between stellar properties and the compositions of small planets; studying how the diversity of system architectures depends on dynamical configurations or planet multiplicity; identifying prime candidates for atmospheric studies with JWST; and understanding the role of stellar evolution in shaping planetary systems. We present a fully-automated target selection algorithm, which yielded 103 planets in 86 systems for the final TKS sample. Most TKS hosts are inactive, solar-like, main-sequence stars (4500 K < Teff < 6000 K) at a wide range of metallicities. The selected TKS sample contains 71 small planets (Rp < 4 Re), 11 systems with multiple transiting candidates, 6 sub-day period planets and 3 planets that are in or near the habitable zone of their host star. The target selection described here will facilitate the comparison of measured planet masses, densities, and eccentricities to predictions from planet population models. Our target selection software is publicly available (at https://github.com/ashleychontos/sort-a-survey) and can be adapted for any survey which requires a balance of multiple science interests within a given telescope allocation.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 5 table