Determination of level of service on different roads in Kuching area

The increasing of population and development of technology give a big impact directly to a place. The roads that link the towns allow people to move from one place to another place. A proper research should be carried out to ensure that the roads able to support the capacity of vehicles during peak hours. The purpose of this project is to determine the Level of Service (LOS) on two-lane roads in Kuching City. Those roads are important and were built during early of Kuching City development. This project focused on Tabuan Road, Stutong Road, Matang Baru Road,Sultan Tengah Road and Old 7th Mile Road, and they link the sub-urbans like Tabuan, BDC, Satok, Matang Jaya, Samariang, Santubong and Batu 7. According to the methodologies stated in Highway Capacity Manual 2000 (HCM 2000), some important data should be determined first before further analysis is carried out, and those data are traffic volume, shoulder width, lane width, design speed and access-point per mile.This project also shows how those data affect the level of service

Kajian Nilai Pendidikan Hindu Dalam Ritual Aruh Ganal Bawanang Pada Masyarakat Meratus Di Kecamatan Piani Kabupaten Tapin Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

The Aruh Ganal Bawanang ritual is a ritual of the Meratus Hindu Community in Piani District, Tapin Regency who strongly believes in the Ancestor which is held once a year, namely in July before the full moon, the Meratus community who strongly believes in their ancestors carry out the Aruh Ganal Bawanang ritual. The Aruh Ganal Bawanang ritual, if it is associated with the teachings of the Panca Yadnya, the Aruh Ganal Bawanang ritual is classified as the ritual of Dewa Yadnya, Pitra Yadnya and Bhuta Yadnya. The Aruh Ganal Bawanang ritual carried out by the Meratus Hindu community in Piani District who still adheres to the local Hindu religion. The implementation of the Aruh Ganal Bawanang Ritual by the Meratus Hindu community in the Piani Sub-district is still understood in the form of entrenched traditions and habits that have been passed down from generation to generation, without understanding and knowing the values ​​of Hindu education contained in the Aruh Ganal Bawanang ritual. Therefore, the research focuses more on the Study of Educational Values ​​in the Aruh Ganal Bawanang ritual in the Meratus Hindu community with the formulation of the problem: 1) How is the implementation of the Aruh Ganal Bawanang Ritual in Piani District, Tapin Regency. 2) What are the Ritual values ​​in Aruh Ganal Bawanang. 3) What are the implications of Aruh Ganal Bawanang Ritual Education in Piani District, Tapin Regency. The researcher aims to find out more about the Ritual of Aruh Ganal Bawanang. The theory used to determine the Ritual of Aruh Ganal Bawanang are: Symbol theory, Structural Functional theory and exchange theory. The methods used in this research are: descriptive method, qualitative analysis method, interview method, observation and documentation method. Based on the results of the study as follows: The Aruh Ganal Bawanang ritual, which starts with: 1) The Manabas Starting Ritual, 2) the Batabang Ritual 3.) the Manyalukut Ritual, 4) the Mamanduk and Mahayip Ritual, 5) the Bamata Umang Ritual, 6) the Mananam Banih Ritual, 7 ) Ritual of Merabon Banih Mandara, 8) Ritual of Ayahlas Banih, 9) Ritual of Manyampuk Banih Mawai (Rice flower begins to bear fruit), 10) Ritual of Mangatam, 11) Ritual of Aruh Ganal Bawanang, 12) Ritual of Babuat or Baancak Banih Kalulung. In Aruh Ganal Bawanang there are (1) religious education values, (2) social and cultural values, (3) ethical values, (4) religious tolerance values and (5) aesthetic values, while the educational implications are: (1) religious implications, (2) Cultural Implications, (3) Social Implications, and (4) Natural Resources Implications

Automated monitoring of corrosion on piling sheets: a model test to understand the possibilities for asset managers

Various tasks in the construction industry are tedious due to the high amount of repetition or time-consuming nature. In recent years Deep Learning within computer vision has made it possible to automate various tasks using images. The Hoofdvaarweg Lemmer-Delfzijl has been assessed using images and a pointcloud. The images were being worked with two employees over a month. This is time-consuming and there are a lot of images to go through.Our project statement is thus: Develop a tool using computer vision techniques to reliably detect problematic corrosion on piling sheet within 4-5 months to understand what the state is of this topic for asset managers.We first start with an analysis in which we looked at the existing the literature, the data, the existing methods and how Witteveen+Bos is assessing the images. We then set the requirements to which the algorithm should adhere to. Literature study has shown that most models, with data-sets of above 3000 images, achieve above 90% for both accuracy and mean average precision. Afterwards we start writing the algorithm and model testing various model structures as part of the synthesis procedure. The models are variating in structures, filters, depth, and augmentation. We created a classifier, of four and six classes, and an object detection algorithm and conducted various evaluation techniques. The four-class classifier performed better than the six-class classifier. This could be due to the six-class classifier being made up of less data, classes that are vague, parts of the data showing imbalance problems.An object detection algorithm was created to detect dimensional features to estimate the height above water and distance of the bumps. To convert the pixel distance to actual distance, we trained the model to detect a reference object. The object detector performed well, but did not meet the requirements we set. The dimension estimation provided can only provide a rough estimation. This may be the result of not every image, in the training set, contained a reference object. Creating the data-set was a tedious task and our data-set with two classes, took around eight hours to finish training. We can conclude that for image classification, the structure of the model and the trainable parameters play a role. The object detector can count elements, but the predicted bounding box is sometimes larger than expected. Some recommendations are to increase data and classes. A robust feasibility for Witteveen+Bos regarding AI. Repurposing the algorithm for progress monitoring and exploring the interoperability between software relevant for the manager.Civil Engineering | Construction Management and Engineerin

Antioxidant effects of rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Kemunting) extract on the development of experimental atherosclerotic-induced New Zealand white rabbit / Muhamad Fahrin Maskam

The in vitro study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of R. tomentosa in water, methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extract. In DPPH assay, methanol extract had the highest antioxidant capacity with IC50 of 107μg/ml. Antioxidant activity of R. tomentosa measured using FRAP assay also showed that methanol extract had the highest antioxidant capacity 0.162nm at concentration of 500μg/ml. While in Metal Chelating assay again showed methanol extract had the most chelating ability of all extracts with 36% at concentration of 100μg/ml. The chemical compounds found in R. tomentosa were quercetin, gallic acid and tannic acid from HPLC analyses; malic acid, caffeic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, quinic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, octadecenoic acid and galloyl glucose from GCMS analyses. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts estimated as gallic acid equivalent was highest in water extract at 66.515mg/g dry mass. Total flavonoid content (TFC) estimation was highest in water extract measured at 1.828mg/ml. Toxicity of the extracts was assessed in vitro by Artemia salina lethality. The result showed, water extract of R. tomentosa was the most non-toxic with LC50 at 616.083μg/ml. Group of rabbits treated with tomentosa extract had significantly lower (p<0.05) in LDL and total cholesterol (TC) against cholesterol group. Meanwhile high density lipoprotein (HDL) did show significant increase (p<0.05) compared to cholesterol group. The study also showed a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation index indicated by low TBARs-MDA level (p<0.05) in tomentosa group compared to cholesterol group. Histopathology analysis of aorta presented with thick foam cell formation in cholesterol group, however there were less foam cell formation in tomentosa and simvastatin group. Kidney and liver showed less infiltration of inflammatory cell. In conclusion, the supplementation of 50mg/kg/day of R. tomentosa extract was able to prevent and reduce the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development induced by dietary cholesterol of 1%. The reduced progression was due to the chemical compounds rich in antioxidant and other bioactive compounds

Antioxidant Activity of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Kemunting) Fruits and Its Effect on Lipid Profile in Induced-cholesterol New Zealand White Rabbits

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruit extract and its effect on triacylglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipid peroxidation in induced-cholesterol New Zealand White Rabbits. In DPPH assay, at concentration of 200 ug/mL methanol extract give 62.13% inhibition of DPPH free radicals with IC50 of 107 μg/mL. Similarly, in FRAP assay the methanol extract at concentration of 500 ug/mL showed the highest absorbance (0.16) for antioxidant activity. Whereas, in metal chelating assay the methanol extract at concentration of 100 mg/mL exhibited 36% inhibition of metal chelating ions. The antioxidant activities were due to the presence of phenolics compounds of quinic acid, gallic acid and caffeic acid, which were identified with Q-TQF MS. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content was the highest in water extract at 66.515 mg of GAE/g and 1.828 mg of QE/g, respectively. The water extract of R. tomentosa was non-toxic at LC50 = 616.083 μg/mL. The white New Zealand rabbits group A was fed by oral gavages with normal diet; Group B cholesterol 1% diet; group C cholesterol 1% diet with fruit extract 50 mg/kg and Group D cholesterol 1% diet with simvastatin standard drug 5 mg/kg. The rabbits in group C has a significantly reduced (p<0.05) total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and significantly increased (p<0.05) high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triacylglycerides (TG) as compared with group B. The lipid peroxidation was reduced significantly (p<0.05) as indicated by the low TBARs-MDA level in group C. Thus, these results showed that the R. tomentosa fruit extracts was able to reduce cholesterol level and increased HDL level which can prevent the formation of atherosclerosis in New Zealand white rabbits

The Effect on the Application of Coolant and Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Micro Milling on Machining Performance

Advancing of micro-milling process via ultrasonic vibration assist has been proven able to improve machining characteristics such as surface roughness quality and dimension accuracy. The improvement is due to the cutting motion of Vibration Assisted Machining (VAM) process. Thus, for every vibration motion manner, the cutting characteristic of the VAM system will be difference from one to another. This paper presents the development approach of ultrasonic vibration assisted micro-milling (UVAM) using tilted 45° XY stage. It covers theoretical perspective and the influence of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) system as cutting fluid. It will emphasize on the theory of surface roughness, dimension tolerance and cutting tool life. Piezo-actuator is used as fast servo vibration mechanism in specific axis input with controlled signal. The input signal is sine wave with controllable frequency and amplitude to allow mechanism control algorithms to be develop during the process. In addition, the effect of cutting fluid was be analyzed to understand the potential capabilities of this aid on UVAM process

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Autoplay Media Studio 8.5 Pada Materi Gejala-Gejala di Atmosfer dan Hidrosfer

This research is based on the ineffectiveness of textbook based learning. The purpose of this study is to produce effective learning media based on validity. Learning media developed based on AutoPlay Media Studio 8.5. This learning media is applied to social studies subjects, especially on symptoms in the atmosphere and hydrosphere learning material. The research location was carried out at Tembeng Putik Islamic Junior Secondary School, East Lombok, NTB. This research design uses research and development. Data were collected using media validation sheets, teacher response instruments and learning achievement tests. The results showed that the validity of the media was declared very valid with a percentage of 91.83%. For practicality based on the teacher's response to the media is very good with a percentage of 93.12%. Whereas student learning outcomes after using the media based on AutoPlay Media Studio 8.5 were stated to be good with a percentage of mastery learning outcomes of 84%. Thus it can be concluded that this media can be used as a supporter of the learning process of social studies subjects in the phenomenon of symptoms in the atmosphere and hydrosphere in Tembeng Putik Islamic Junior Secondary School

Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the stems of Flammulina velutipes and Hypsizygus tessellatus (white and brown var.) extracted with different solvents

Mushrooms are rich in pharmacologically-important phytochemicals with reported medicinal values. In this study, the antibacterial activity of Flammulina velutipes (Enoki), Hypsizygus tessellatus (brown (Buna shimeji) and white (Bunapi shimeji) variants) stem extracts prepared with different solvents (water, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) was investigated against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 25922), Serratia marscenscens (S. marscenscens ATCC14756), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis ATCC 23857), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 25923). Their antioxidant activities were evaluated using radical scavenging assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferric reducing power (FRP). The water extracts of Enoki, Buna shimeji, and Bunapi shimeji showed bacterial growth inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. From the obtained results, all the Enoki extracts showed a significant inhibition of the gram positive bacterial species (E. coli and S. marcescens > 68%) and a reduced inhibition of the gram negative bacterial species (B. subtilis and S. aureus < 45%, p < 0.05) after 24 h of incubation, while water extracts of Buna shimeji showed a significantly lower bacterial growth inhibition (< 60%) against all the studied bacteria. Bunapi shimeji extract inhibited S. marscenscens, E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus by 54, 67, 46, and 44%, respectively. Methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts showed significantly lower antibacterial activities (p < 0.05) compared to water extracts. Similarly, water extracts of Enoki, Bunapi shimeji and Buna shimeji showed significant antioxidant activities using DPPH (67.37 ± 0.01, 66.30 ± 0.18 and 42.44 ± 0.18%, respectively), hydrogen peroxide (67.87 ± 0.000, 45.52 ± 0.160 and 52.08 ± 0.000% respectively), and FRP (0.891 ± 0.001, 0.413 ± 0.001 and 0.491 ± 0.001, respectively) at the concentration of 1 mg/mL, compared to their respective methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate fractions. Upon LC-MS analysis of the most potent fraction (Enoki water extract), several phenolic compounds were identified, of which chromogenic acid, Methyl-5-O-caffeoylquinate, Kukoamine A, Kushenol K, Methyl Kushenol C, Glabrol, Sanggenon J, Corylin, and Moracenin C were confirmed. The antioxidant activities of the water extracts of Enoki, Buna shimeji and Bunapi shimeji correlated with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents, which were (166.56 ± 1.50, 108.13 ± 0.32 and 116.71 ± 0.01 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg, respectively) and (96.33 ± 0.03, 82.18 ± 0.20 and 91.37 ± 0.15 µg quercetin equivalent (QE)/mg, respectively). Collectively, the study results have shown the studied mushrooms as potential natural sources of pharmacological agent