Estigma hacia la demencia: una revisión

Dementia, known asmajor neurocognitive disorder on DSM V, is a public health priority due to its increasing prevalence and individual and social consequences. Stigma is a social exclusion and devaluation, as a result of negative perceptions towardsa persons' attribute or behavior. It is considered as a collective phenomenon related to this condition, as it impacts quality of life of people with dementia and their family environments. Among other consequences, stigma becomes a barrier to timely access to diagnosis, treatment and comprehensive support. The main purpose of this review is to describe and to analyze the phenomenon of stigma related to dementia as an emerging issue for Latin America. Stigma towards dementia can be classified as follows: public stigma (members of the community), professional and structural stigma (institutions, public policy, healthcare professionals, etc.), stigma in people with dementia know as self-stigma, and family stigma (carers, family environment). For each of these groups stigma is developed withspecific characteristics andconsequences. Stigma is an important component of dementia strategies involvingdiagnosis, treatment and promotion of social integration for people with dementia and requires an integrated approach from ethical, social and health perspectives

El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental de los trabajadores de la salud en Chile: datos iniciales de The Health Care Workers Study

Background: Healthcare workers’ mental health was affected by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Aim: To evaluate healthcare workers’ mental health and its associated factors during the pandemic in Chile. Material and Methods: An online self-reported questionnaire was designed including the Goldberg Health Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, (PHQ-9), and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale among other questions. It was sent to 28,038 healthcare workers. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 1,934 participants, with a median age of 38 years (74% women). Seventy five percent were professionals, and 48% worked at a hospital. Fifty nine percent of respondents had a risk of having a mental health disorder, and 73% had depressive symptoms. Significant associations were found with sex, workplace, and some of the relevant experiences during the pandemic. Fifty one percent reported the need for mental health support, and 38% of them received it. Conclusions: There is a high percentage of health workers with symptoms of psychological distress, depression, and suicidal ideas. The gender approach is essential to understand the important differences found. Many health workers who required mental health care did not seek or received it

[Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers].

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers' mental health was affected by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. AIM: To evaluate healthcare workers' mental health and its associated factors during the pandemic in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An online self-reported questionnaire was designed including the Goldberg Health Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, (PHQ-9), and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale among other questions. It was sent to 28,038 healthcare workers. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 1,934 participants, with a median age of 38 years (74% women). Seventy five percent were professionals, and 48% worked at a hospital. Fifty nine percent of respondents had a risk of having a mental health disorder, and 73% had depressive symptoms. Significant associations were found with sex, workplace, and some of the relevant experiences during the pandemic. Fifty one percent reported the need for mental health support, and 38% of them received it. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high percentage of health workers with symptoms of psychological distress, depression, and suicidal ideas. The gender approach is essential to understand the important differences found. Many health workers who required mental health care did not seek or received it

Implementation of a cognitive stimulation program for people with alzheimer disease: A pilot study in a chilean elderly sample Implementación de un programa de estimulación cognitiva en personas con demencia tipo alzheimer: Un estudio piloto en chilenos d

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a psychosocial intervention for people with dementia that has been successful in Anglo-Saxon population. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of CST in a sample of Chilean elders. The participants were 22 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in mild to moderate stage, who were living in a residential care home in the town of Quillota, Chile. In order to determine the effectiveness of the program, an experimental mixed design 2×2 (repeated measures) was employed. The sample was randomly assigned into two groups: intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). Three dimensions were assessed: cognition, quality of life and functional ability. After the intervention, the IG presented a significant improvement in their cognitive function and quality life. In contrast, the CG did not show positive changes in any dimension. In fact, CG showed a worsening in its cognitive deterioration. Both groups did not showed significant

Stigma toward mental illness in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review

Objective: Stigma toward individuals with mental disorders has been studied extensively. In the case of Latin America and the Caribbean, the past decade has been marked by a significant increase in information on stigma toward mental illness, but these findings have yet to be applied to mental health services in Latin America. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies relating to stigma toward mental illness in Latin America and the Caribbean. The authors specifically considered differences in this region as compared with manifestations reported in Western European countries. Methods: A systematic search of scientific papers was conducted in the PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, SciELO, LILACS, Imbiomed, and Bireme databases. The search included articles published from 2002 to 2014. Results: Twenty-six studies from seven countries in Latin America and the Caribbean were evaluated and arranged into the following categories: public stigma, consumer stigma, family stigma, and multiple stigmas. Conclusion: We identified some results similar to those reported in high-income settings. However, some noteworthy findings concerning public and family stigma differed from those reported in Western European countries. Interventions designed to reduce mental illness-related stigma in this region may benefit from considering cultural dynamics exhibited by the Latino population

Stigma towards mental disorders: Characteristics and interventions Estigma hacia los trastornos mentales: Características e intervenciones

Mental disorders in Latin-America are highly prevalent and represent a significant burden on users and their families. These people most of the times have to deal with the stigma attached to the diagnosis they receive. Stigma towards mental illness causes negative consequences for patients and family members, becoming the main barrier to full social inclusion. Considering the above, the first objective of this paper is to analyze the main characteristics of stigma towards mental illness and the psychological and social variables with which it is associated. Secondly, we describe the main strategies for reducing different types of stigma. Finally, we propose approaches to assess and reduce stigma in the context of Latin-America and the Caribbean

Implementación de un programa de estimulación cognitiva en personas con demencia tipo Alzheimer: un estudio piloto en chilenos de la tercera edad

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a psychosocial intervention for people with dementia that has been successful in Anglo-Saxon population. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of CST in a sample of Chilean elders. The participants were 22 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in mild to moderate stage, who were living in a residential care home in the town of Quillota, Chile. In order to determine the effectiveness of the program, an experimental mixed design 2x2 (repeated measures) was employed. The sample was randomly assigned into two groups: intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). Three dimensions were assessed: cognition, quality of life and functional ability. After the intervention, the IG presented a significant improvement in their cognitive function and quality life. In contrast, the CG did not show positive changes in any dimension. In fact, CG showed a worsening in its cognitive deterioration. Both groups did not showed significant changes in functional ability. Even though intergroup comparisons did not yield significant differences, the IG showed an important improvement in cognitive function, compared with an increase in the progression of cognitive impairment in the CG. It is recommended that future research will contrast these results using a larger sample of people with AD.La Terapia de Estimulación Cognitiva (TEC) es una intervención psicosocial para personas con demencia que ha obtenido buenos resultados en población anglosajona. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la TEC en una muestra de personas chilenas. Participaron 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en fase leve a moderada, pertenecientes a un centro asistencial de la ciudad de Quillota, Chile. Para determinar la eficacia del programa, se definió un diseño experimental mixto 2x2 de medidas repetidas, asignándose aleatoriamente la muestra a dos grupos: intervención (GI) y control (GC). Se establecieron tres dimensiones para evaluar: cognición, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional de la persona con demencia. Posterior a la intervención, el GI presentó una mejoría significativa en sus indicadores de deterioro cognitivo y calidad de vida; por el contrario, el GC no evidenció cambios positivos en ninguna dimensión, empeorando el declive cognitivo. Ninguno de los grupos experimentó cambios significativos en la capacidad funcional. Si bien en la comparación intergrupo no existieron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable, el GI presentó una mejoría sustancial de la función cognitiva, en comparación con el aumento en la progresión del deterioro cognitivo en el GC. Se recomienda que futuras investigaciones contrasten dichos resultados utilizando una muestra más grande de personas con EA

Implementación de un programa de estimulación cognitiva en personas con demencia tipo Alzheimer: un estudio piloto en chilenos de la tercera edad

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a psychosocial intervention for people with dementia that has been successful in Anglo-Saxon population. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of CST in a sample of Chilean elders. The participants were 22 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in mild to moderate stage, who were living in a residential care home in the town of Quillota, Chile. In order to determine the effectiveness of the program, an experimental mixed design 2x2 (repeated measures) was employed. The sample was randomly assigned into two groups: intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). Three dimensions were assessed: cognition, quality of life and functional ability. After the intervention, the IG presented a significant improvement in their cognitive function and quality life. In contrast, the CG did not show positive changes in any dimension. In fact, CG showed a worsening in its cognitive deterioration. Both groups did not showed significant changes in functional ability. Even though intergroup comparisons did not yield significant differences, the IG showed an important improvement in cognitive function, compared with an increase in the progression of cognitive impairment in the CG. It is recommended that future research will contrast these results using a larger sample of people with AD.La Terapia de Estimulación Cognitiva (TEC) es una intervención psicosocial para personas con demencia que ha obtenido buenos resultados en población anglosajona. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la TEC en una muestra de personas chilenas. Participaron 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en fase leve a moderada, pertenecientes a un centro asistencial de la ciudad de Quillota, Chile. Para determinar la eficacia del programa, se definió un diseño experimental mixto 2x2 de medidas repetidas, asignándose aleatoriamente la muestra a dos grupos: intervención (GI) y control (GC). Se establecieron tres dimensiones para evaluar: cognición, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional de la persona con demencia. Posterior a la intervención, el GI presentó una mejoría significativa en sus indicadores de deterioro cognitivo y calidad de vida; por el contrario, el GC no evidenció cambios positivos en ninguna dimensión, empeorando el declive cognitivo. Ninguno de los grupos experimentó cambios significativos en la capacidad funcional. Si bien en la comparación intergrupo no existieron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable, el GI presentó una mejoría sustancial de la función cognitiva, en comparación con el aumento en la progresión del deterioro cognitivo en el GC. Se recomienda que futuras investigaciones contrasten dichos resultados utilizando una muestra más grande de personas con EA