Über die Beziehungen zwischen Zustandsspezifizität und Artspezifizität des Serumantigens

Verfasser studierte weiter die Beziehungen zwischen Zustandsspezifizität (Hitze und Alkoholeinwirkung) und Artspezifizität des Serumantigens mittels Präzipitinreaktion und kam zu folgenden Resultaten: Als Untersuchungsmethode benützte er die Antigenverdünnungsmethode nach Uhlenhuth und die Antikörperverdünnungsmethode nach Ogata; bei der letzeren kann in geeigneter Antigenverdünnung für jedes Immunserum der Titer durch Immunserumverdünnung bestimmt werden. 1) Das Immunserum, das durch natives Serumantigen hergestellt wurde, zeigt bei beiden Präzipitinmethoden die typische Artspezifizität. 2) Das Immunpräzipitin, das durch erhitzte Serumantigene (70°C-30 Minuten im Wasserbad) immunisiert wurde, reagiert nach Untersuchungsmethode und Immunisierungsstärke, wie folgt: a) Bei schwach immunisiertem Präzipitin kann man nach der Antigenverdünnug die Art- und Zustandsspezifizität nachweisen, jedoch bei hoch immunisiertem Präzipitinserum nur die Zustandsspezifizität, weil dabei die Artspezifizität durch die Zustandsspezigzität beinahe bedeckt wird. b) Nach der Immunkörperverdünnung konnte ich beide Spezifizitäten sowohl bei schwach als auch bei hoch immunisiertem Antiserum nach weisen. 3) Das Immunserum, das man durch stark erhitztes Antigenserum (100°C-30 Minuten) bekam, zeigt nach der Antigenverdünnungsmethode nur die Zustandsspezifizität bei beider Immunisierungsweisen. Nach der Antikörperverdünnung bleiben jedoch diese beiden Spezifizitäten nach weisbar. 4) Dieser Befund zeigt sich bei mit Alkohol vorbehandeltem Antigenserum wie bei stark erhitztem Antigen in gleicher Weise, weil nach der Antigenverdünnungsmethode die Artspezifizität oft durch Zustandsspezifizität bedeckt wird und nach der Antikörperverdünnung beider Spezifizitäten nachweisbar sind

Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Patients with Double Primary Cancer of the Colorectum and Stomach

We examined the correlation between the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) gene proteins and the development of double primary cancer, and studied clinical implications of an MMR deficiency in 15 patients with double primary cancer of the colorectum and stomach, immunohistochemically. The results were compared between the double primary cancer group of 15 patients and the control group consisting of 155 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who had never developed other malignant diseases. Patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyiposis were excluded from both groups. The MMR deficiency in CRC was significantly more frequently detected in the double primary cancer group than in the control group (46.7% versus 20.6%, P < 0.05). Patients with MMR-deficient CRC of the double primary cancer group were significantly older, more frequently had poorly differentiated lesions, had less metastases to the liver and lymph node, and were more advanced in depth of invasion than those of the control group. We concluded that MMR deficiency might correlate with the development of double primary cancer of the colorectum and stomach. Patients with MMR-deficient CRC need periodical and intensive follow-up against the development of double primary cancer

Segregation by size difference in binary suspensions of fluid droplets in channel flow

In channel flow of multicomponent suspensions, segregation behavior of suspended components perpendicular to the flow direction is often observed, which is considered to be caused by the differential properties of the lateral migration depending on their shape, size, flexibility, and other characteristics. In the present study, we investigate the effect of size differences between suspended components on the segregation behavior, by a two-dimensional numerical simulation for binary dispersed suspensions of fluid droplets of two different sizes subjected to a plane Poiseuille channel flow. The small and large droplets are assumed to have equal surface tensions and equal viscosity ratios of internal to external fluids. The time evolutions of the lateral positions of large and small droplets relative to the channel centerline were computed by changing the area fraction of the small droplets in a mixture with a constant total area fraction. The large droplets are found to migrate closer to the channel centerline and the small droplets are found to migrate closer to the channel wall compared to the corresponding lateral positions in mono-dispersed suspensions at the same area fractions, although the mean lateral positions of the large and small droplets in mono-dispersed suspension are comparable. This segregation behavior as well as the margination of small droplets are enhanced when the size difference between large and small droplets is increased and the area fraction of large droplets is increased. These results may arise from higher tendencies for the large droplets to approach the channel centerline compared to the small droplets, which consequently expel small droplets from the central region toward the channel walls

Novel Soft Meals Developed by 3D Printing

Recently, 3D printing is being applied to various fields. 3D printing of foods has been developed; however, there are many challenges. To overcome the challenges, we have started a new research group named “Yonezawa Itadakimasu Research Group,” to focus on the development of 3D printing applications for manufacturing food. We have developed Novel jelly foods that are shaped by 3D printed molds. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer for food manufacturing makes the 3D printed molds. First step of making 3D printing mold is to print a cast. Then, food grade silicone is poured into the cast to make a mold. This type of 3D printed mold can be used widely, such as making sweets, restaurant menus, and care foods by changing the design depending on the use of application. Secondly, we started to develop 3D food printers. This type of challenge to develop future foods by 3D printing technology may have a major impact on the care food because the looks of foods are important and will be improved by 3D printing

High Glucose Increases Metallothionein Expression in Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Metallothionein (MT) is an intracellular metal-binding, cysteine-rich protein, and is a potent antioxidant that protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress. Although the major isoforms MT-1 and -2 (MT-1/-2) are highly inducible in many tissues, the distribution and role of MT-1/-2 in diabetic nephropathy are poorly understood. In this study, diabetes was induced in adult male rats by streptozotocin, and renal tissues were stained with antibodies for MT-1/-2. MT-1/-2 expression was also evaluated in mProx24 cells, a mouse renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line, stimulated with high glucose medium and pretreated with the antioxidant vitamin E. MT-1/-2 expression was gradually and dramatically increased, mainly in the proximal tubular epithelial cells and to a lesser extent in the podocytes in diabetic rats, but was hardly observed in control rats. MT-1/-2 expression was also increased by high glucose stimulation in mProx24 cells. Because the induction of MT was suppressed by pretreatment with vitamin E, the expression of MT-1/-2 is induced, at least in part, by high glucose-induced oxidative stress. These observations suggest that MT-1/-2 is induced in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells as an antioxidant to protect the kidney from oxidative stress, and may offer a novel therapeutic target against diabetic nephropathy

An improved unified solver for compressible and incompressible fluids involving free surfaces. II. Multi-time-step integration and applications

An improved numerical solver for the unified solution of compressible and incompressible fluids involving interfaces is proposed. The present method is based on the CIP-CUP (Cubic Interpolated Propagation / Combined, Unified Procedure) method, which is a pressure-based semi-implicit solver for the Euler equations of fluid flows. In Part I of this series of articles [M. Ida, Comput. Phys. Commun. 132 (2000) 44], we proposed an improved scheme for the convection terms in the equations, which allowed us discontinuous descriptions of the density interface by replacing the cubic interpolation function used in the CIP scheme with a quadratic extrapolation function only around the interface. In this paper, as Part II of this series, the multi-time-step integration technique is adapted to the CIP-CUP integration. Because the CIP-CUP treats different-nature components in the fluid equations separately, the adaptation of the technique is straightforward. This modification allows us flexible determinations of the time interval, which results in an efficient and accurate integration. Furthermore, some additional discussion on our methods is presented. Finally, the application results to composite flow problems such as compressible and incompressible Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities and the dynamics of two acoustically coupled deformable bubbles in a viscous liquid are provided.Comment: 34 pages, 13 figures, elsart; Typo in Eq.25 corrected; Publishe

Learning of thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy: How can the learning curve be made short and flat?

金沢大学附属病院胃腸外科Attainment of proficiency in video-assisted thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy (VATS) for thoracic esophageal cancer requires much experience. We have mastered this procedure safely under the direction of an experienced surgeon. After adoption of the procedure, the educated surgeon directed induction of this surgical procedure at another institution. We evaluated the efficacy of instruction during the induction period by comparing the results at the two institutions in which VATS had been newly induced. We defined the induction period as the time from the beginning of VATS to the time when the last instruction was carried out. From January 2003 to December 2007, 53 patients were candidates for VATS at Kanazawa University (institution 1). Of these, 46 patients underwent curative VATS by a single operator. We divided this period into three parts: the induction period of VATS, post-induction period, and proficient period when the educated surgeon of institution 1 directed the procedure at Maebashi Red Cross Hospital (institution 2). At institution 1, 12 VATS were scheduled, and nine procedures (75%) (group A) including eight instructions were completed during the induction period (from January 2003 to August 2004). Thereafter, VATS was performed without instruction. In the post-induction period, nine VATS were scheduled, and eight procedures (88.8%) (group B) were completed from September 2004 to August 2005. Subsequently, 32 VATS were scheduled, and 29 procedures (90.6%) (group C) were completed during the proficient period (from September 2005 to December 2007). The surgeon at Maebashi Red Cross Hospital (institution 2) started to perform VATS under the direction of the surgeon who had been educated at institution 1 from September 2005. VATS was completed in 13 (76.4%) (group D) of 17 cases by a single surgeon including seven instructions during the induction period at institution 2 from September 2005 to December 2007. No lethal complication occurred during the induction period at both institutions. We compared the results of VATS among four groups from the two institutions. There were no differences in the background and clinicopathological features among the four groups. The number of dissected lymph nodes and amount of thoracic blood loss were similar in the four groups (35 [22-52] vs 41 [26-53] vs 32 [17-69] vs 29 [17-42] nodes, P = 0.139, and 170 [90-380] vs 275 [130-550] vs 220 [10-660] vs 210 [75-543] g, P = 0.373, respectively). There was no difference in the duration of the thoracic procedure during the induction period at the two institutions. However, the duration of the procedure was significantly shorter in the proficient period of institution 1 (group C: 266 [195-555] minutes) than in the induction period of both institutions (group A: 350 [280-448] minutes [P = 0.005] and group D: 345 [270-420] mL [P = 0.002]). There were no surgery-related deaths in any of the groups. The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ among the four groups. Thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy can be mastered quickly and safely with a flat learning curve under the direction of an experienced surgeon. The educated surgeon can instruct surgeons at another institution on how to perform thoracoscopic esophagectomy. The operation time of thoracoscopic surgery is shortened by experience. © 2010 Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation © 2010, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

Management of postoperative hemorrhage associated with factor VIII inhibitor: report of a case

This report presents a case that was successfully treated for acquired factor VIII inhibitor after extensive visceral surgery. A 71-year-old male who underwent surgery for bile duct cancer had active bleeding in the abdominal drainage tube on postoperative day (POD) 5, and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was detected (83.1 s) on POD 7. An extensive coagulation work-up revealed factor VIII deficiency (1 %), and a diagnosis of an acquired factor VIII deficiency was established when a factor VIII inhibitor of 8 Bethesda units was demonstrated. The patient was treated with activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCCs) and bloody discharge was stopped within 3 days. Inhibitor elimination was started using prednisolone on POD 20; rituximab, was administered on POD 74 and 81. Factor VIII inhibitor had disappeared by POD 124, and factor VIII (72 %) and aPTT recovered to 45.9 s. This case report demonstrated the efficacy of aPCCs and rituximab in the treatment of acquired hemophilia associated with visceral surgery. © 2012 Springer

Carcinomas of the ventral and dorsal pancreas exhibit different patterns of lymphatic spread

金沢大学医学部附属病院肝胆膵・移植外科　In patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas with positive lymph nodes, the extent of an adequate lymph node dissection beyond peripancreatic area has remained controversial. Based on the two anlagens, the ventral or dorsal pancreas, we assessed the lymphatic spread pattern in 58 primary adenocarcinoma of head of the pancreas. Detection of lymph node mestastasis was based on microscopic detection of carcinoma in consecutive serial sections of resected specimens including lymph nodes. When the tumor was confined to the ventral pancreas domain (n=20), the lymph node metastases were limited to areas along the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) besides peripancreatic lymph nodes. When the tumor was in the dorsal pancreas domain (n=6), the lymph node metastases were limited to areas along the common hepatic artery (CHA) and the hepatoduodenal ligament besides peripancreatic lymph nodes. When the tumor was extended into both domains (n=32), the lymph node metastases were distributed widely in areas along the SMA, CHA and the hepatoduodenal ligament besides peripancreatic lymph nodes. Based on these findings, the lymphatic spread of carcinomas of the head of the pancreas can be divided into two patterns by tumor location based on the two anlagens of the pancreas