Multi-Point Virtual Structure Constants and Mirror Computation of CP^2-model

In this paper, we propose a geometrical approach to mirror computation of genus 0 Gromov-Witten invariants of CP^2. We use multi-point virtual structure constants, which are defined as intersection numbers of a compact moduli space of quasi maps from CP^1 to CP^2 with 2+n marked points. We conjecture that some generating functions of them produce mirror map and the others are translated into generating functions of Gromov-Witten invariants via the mirror map. We generalize this formalism to open string case. In this case, we have to introduce infinite number of deformation parameters to obtain results that agree with some known results of open Gromov-Witten invariants of CP^2. We also apply multi-point virtual structure constants to compute closed and open Gromov-Witten invariants of a non-nef hypersurface in projective space. This application simplifies the computational process of generalized mirror transformation.Comment: 26 pages, Late

Open Virtual Structure Constants and Mirror Computation of Open Gromov-Witten Invariants of Projective Hypersurfaces

In this paper, we generalize Walcher's computation of the open Gromov-Witten invariants of the quintic hypersurface to Fano and Calabi-Yau projective hypersurfaces. Our main tool is the open virtual structure constants. We also propose the generalized mirror transformation for the open Gromov-Witten invariants, some parts of which are proven explicitly. We also discuss possible modification of the multiple covering formula for the case of higher dimensional Calabi-Yau manifolds. The generalized disk invariants for some Calabi-Yau and Fano manifolds are shown and they are certainly integers after re-summation by the modified multiple covering formula. This paper also contains the direct integration method of the period integrals for higher dimensional Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in the appendix.Comment: 24pages, 5figure

Distribution of Mast Cells in Mediastinal Lymph Nodes from Lung Cancer Patients

BACKGROUND: Mast cells have been documented to have several key functions with regards to malignant neoplasms. However, the functional significance of their accumulation is largely unknown. An analysis of the mast cell profile in mediastinal lymph nodes from lung cancer patients is reported here. METHODS: One hundred thirty-four, randomly selected lymph nodes (63 with positive pathological lymph node status) from 39 surgically treated lung cancer patients were examined. All cancer negative nodes were obtained from stage I patients. Mast cells were stained with Alcian blue and safranin O. Metastatic cancer cells were stained using anti-cytokeratin antibody. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical studies with cytokeratin revealed micro metastasis in 9/71 (12.68%) nodes previously diagnosed as histological negative. In tumor-free mediastinal lymph nodes, the mast cell count was significantly higher than in metastatic nodes. In all cases, mast cells were observed primarily in the T-cell area. CONCLUSIONS: An inverse relationship was observed between the number of mast cells and the amount of tumor tissue. The presence of mast cells primarily in the T-cell area implies a relationship between mast cells and the T-cell system. From the present study it is not possible to conclude whether mast cells in lymph nodes are for or against tumor spread

Paeoniflorin ameliorates acquisition impairment of a simple operant discrimination performance caused by unilateral nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesion in rats

The effect of paeoniflorin on learning impairment of operant brightness discrimination performance　was investigated in rats with unilateral nucleus basalis magnocellularis（NBM）lesion. The animals　with unilateral NBM lesion exhibited a significant acquisition impairment of brightness discrimination task during the early phase of a training period（1-5days after starting the training session). When　administered daily during a training period，paeoniflorin significantly improved the learning impairment　of unilateral NBM-lesioned rats at 0.01 but not 0.1mg／kg／day（p.o.）. Tacrine （0.3mg／kg／day，p.o.）， a　cholinesterase inhibitor，also significantly ameliorated the learning deficit. These results suggest that　paeoniflorin improves the impairment of non-spatial learning performance caused by cholinergic　dysfunction in rats and that it may have a beneficial effect on senile dementia

Evolution of self-compatibility in Arabidopsis by a mutation in the male specificity gene

Ever since Darwin's pioneering research, the evolution of self-fertilisation (selfing) has been regarded as one of the most prevalent evolutionary transitions in flowering plants. A major mechanism to prevent selfing is the self-incompatibility (SI) recognition system, which consists of male and female specificity genes at the S-locus and SI modifier genes. Under conditions that favour selfing, mutations disabling the male recognition component are predicted to enjoy a relative advantage over those disabling the female component, because male mutations would increase through both pollen and seeds whereas female mutations would increase only through seeds. Despite many studies on the genetic basis of loss of SI in the predominantly selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana, it remains unknown whether selfing arose through mutations in the female specificity gene (S-receptor kinase, SRK), male specificity gene (S-locus cysteine-rich protein, SCR; also known as S-locus protein 11, SP11) or modifier genes, and whether any of them rose to high frequency across large geographic regions. Here we report that a disruptive 213-base-pair (bp) inversion in the SCR gene (or its derivative haplotypes with deletions encompassing the entire SCR-A and a large portion of SRK-A) is found in 95% of European accessions, which contrasts with the genome-wide pattern of polymorphism in European A. thaliana. Importantly, interspecific crossings using Arabidopsis halleri as a pollen donor reveal that some A. thaliana accessions, including Wei-1, retain the female SI reaction, suggesting that all female components including SRK are still functional. Moreover, when the 213-bp inversion in SCR was inverted and expressed in transgenic Wei-1 plants, the functional SCR restored the SI reaction. The inversion within SCR is the first mutation disrupting SI shown to be nearly fixed in geographically wide samples, and its prevalence is consistent with theoretical predictions regarding the evolutionary advantage of mutations in male components

新書本を用いた学問発見支援手法の提案

大学等における学部選択や科学コミュニケーションの文脈において，学問に興味を促し，興味のある学問分野を発見する必要がある．そのため，興味のある学問分野を発見するための手法を提案する．本研究では，多様な学問の基礎的な内容を扱っており，手にされやすいという特性をもつ新書本を用い，利用者が選択した新書本に類似する学問分野を，利用者に対し，興味のある学問分野として提示する．新書本と学問分野の類似度を算出する手法として，BM25 による単語の重みを利用し，コサイン類似度で新書本に対する学問分野の類似度を算出する手法1 と，BM25 で新書本と学問分野の類似度を算出する手法2 を検討した．結果として，手法2 より手法1 のほうが有効であることが示された

Activation of protein phosphatase 2A by cAMP-dependent protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of the 74-kDa B″ (δ) regulatory subunit in vitro and identification of the phosphorylation sites

AbstractHuman erythrocyte protein phosphatase 2A, which comprises a 34-kDa catalytic C subunit, a 63-kDa regulatory A subunit and a 74-kDa regulatory B″ (δ) subunit, was phosphorylated at serine residues of B″ in vitro by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase). In the presence and absence of 0.5 μM okadaic acid (OA), A-kinase gave maximal incorporation of 1.7 and 1.0 mol of phosphate per mol of B″, respectively. The Km value of A-kinase for CAB″ was 0.17±0.01 μM in the presence of OA. The major in vitro phosphorylation sites of B″ were identified as Ser-60, -75 and -573 in the presence of OA, and Ser-75 and -573 in the absence of OA. Phosphorylation of B″ did not dissociate B″ from CA, and stimulated the molecular activity of CAB″ toward phosphorylated H1 and H2B histones, 3.8- and 1.4-fold, respectively, but not toward phosphorylase a