Apoptosis in the repair process of experimental proliferative glomerulonephritis

Apoptosis in the repair process of experimental proliferative glomerulonephritis. The recovery from the proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) with reduction of hypercellularity is known in various experimental and human GN. To elucidate the participation of apoptosis in GN, we studied the experimental Thy-1.1 GN for six weeks. Apoptosis was recognized by both light and electron microscopy, and the biochemical expression of apoptosis was morphologically confirmed by in situ end-labeling method of fragmented DNA, using terminal deoxy-transferase. Mesangioproliferative GN was induced by a single administration of anti-Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody in a rat. Mesangial cell proliferation started early in the process and the number of glomerular cells peaked from day 7 to day 10. Subsequently, the degree of proliferative lesion diminished with obvious reconstruction of the capillary structure, as well as decrease in the number of glomerular cells. During this period, proliferated mesangial cells returned to their original level of cellularity and apoptosis apparently increased in number among the glomeruli. Apoptosis was significantly noted from day 7 to week 4 and was in its maximum at day 10 to week 2. Following this period, by week 6 most of the glomeruli reverted to their original structure. The number of infiltrated neutrophils and macrophages in the glomeruli slowly decreased during the course of the disease, and a few apoptosis were also observed. It is concluded that proliferated glomerular cells regress by apoptosis in the repairing process of GN. Apoptosis plays an essential role in the recovery to the original glomerular structure in GN

Immunogenicity and Antigenicity of Allogeneic Amniotic Epithelial Transplants Grafted to the Cornea, Conjunctiva, and Anterior Chamber

PURPOSE. To determine the immunogenic characterization of amniotic epithelium (AE), by examining the fate of allogeneic AE grafts heterotopically transplanted in the eye. METHODS. Intact AE from enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) transgenic mice (C57BL/6 background) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were transplanted onto cornea or conjunctiva, or inserted into the anterior chamber (AC) of normal BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice, or BALB/c mice presensitized to donor antigens. For repeated AE transplantation experiments, AE was grafted in the other eye 7 days after the first grafting. Graft fate was assessed clinically and histologically at selected intervals after grafting. Infiltrating inflammatory cells were examined immunohistochemically. Sensitization to alloantigens by AE was assessed by the delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response. RESULTS. In normal recipients, GFP ϩ cells were absent in EGFP donor-derived AE grafts by day 21 on cornea and by day 7 on conjunctiva. AE grafts implanted in the AC survived for Ͼ8 weeks. In presensitized recipients and recipients that underwent repeated AE implantation, graft survival was markedly shorter than in normal recipients. DH was induced at 2 weeks, but failed to be induced at 4 weeks after grafting on cornea or at 8 weeks after grafting on conjunctiva and in the AC of normal recipients. CONCLUSIONS. Fresh allogeneic AE expressed immunogenicity when placed on the ocular surface, although no memory of allospecific DH was acquired. Allogeneic AE is clearly vulnerable to immune rejection in specifically sensitized recipients

A highly hydrophilic water-insoluble nanofiber composite as an efficient and easily-handleable adsorbent for the rapid adsorption of cesium from radioactive wastewater

Herein, we report a new Prussian blue nanoparticle (PBNPs) incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite nanofiber (c-PBNPs/PVA) for the rapid adsorption of cesium (Cs) from radioactive wastewater. Initially, various electrospinning parameters such as solvent, PVA wt%, PBNPs wt% and glutaraldehyde (GA) wt% were extensively optimized to obtain a better physicochemical property of the c-PBNPs/PVA. In order to improve the water insoluble nature of the PVA, post cross-linking was carried out for the c-PBNPs/PVA using glutaraldehyde (GA) and HCl vapor as the cross-linker and catalyst, respectively. SEM images revealed the smooth and continuous morphology of the c-PBNPs/PVA composite nanofibers with diameters of 200–300 nm and lengths up to several millimeters. TEM images confirmed homogeneous dispersion and good incorporation of PBNPs into the PVA matrix. The amorphous nature of the c-PBNPs/PVA was confirmed by the XRD analysis. FT-IR spectra showed successful cross-linking of PVA with GA. It was found that the prepared composite nanofiber is highly hydrophilic and water-insoluble. The c-PBNPs/PVA showed an excellent and faster Cs adsorption rate of 96% after only 100 min. These results are comparable to those previously reported. After the Cs adsorption test, the c-PBNPs/PVA composite nanofiber can be easily separated from the wastewater.ArticleRSC ADVANCES. 4(103):59571-59578 (2014)journal articl