12 research outputs found
Caracterização da anatomia foliar de cafeeiros arábica em diferentes períodos sazonais
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n4p1Drought is among the hindering factors for coffee plant growth and yield. This study aimed to analyze the anatomy of leaves grown during the rainy and dry seasons in nine Coffea arabica L. plants, previously described as tolerant or sensitive to water deficit, in order to identify structural features of drought tolerance. We measured the size and density of stomata and epidermal cells, the thickness of epidermis and mesophyll, the diameter of petiole and midrib, the thickness of phloem and xylem in the midrib and petiole, and the diameter and frequency of elements of xylem vessels. Differences observed between the leaf structure of coffee plants evaluated and the leaf growth conditions (rainy and dry seasons) indicated that there is a favorable anatomical plasticity regarding drought conditions. Thicker palisade parenchyma and total limbo, larger radii of phloem and xylem in the petiole and midrib were considered as favorable structural features to cope with water scarcity and they could be used as criteria to select drought-resistant cultivars. The following coffee plants were considered as more adapted to drought: Geisha, Semperlorens, BA 10, IAC H 8105-7, IAC H 8421-2, and the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n4p1A seca é um dos fatores que limitam o desenvolvimento e a produtividade do cafeeiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a anatomia de folhas desenvolvidas nos períodos chuvoso e seco, em nove cafeeiros de Coffea arabica L., descritos anteriormente como tolerantes ou sensíveis a déficit hídrico, para identificar caracteres estruturais de tolerância à seca. Foram mensurados o tamanho e a densidade de estômatos e células epidérmicas, a espessura das epidermes e do mesofilo, o diâmetro do pecíolo e da nervura principal, a espessura do floema e xilema na nervura principal e no pecíolo e o diâmetro e a frequência de elementos de vasos do xilema. Diferenças observadas entre a estrutura foliar dos cafeeiros avaliados e as condições de desenvolvimento da folha (períodos chuvoso e seco) indicaram que há uma plasticidade anatômica favorável em relação às condições de seca. Espessuras maiores do parênquima paliçádico e do limbo total e raios maiores do floema e xilema no pecíolo e na nervura principal foram considerados características estruturais favoráveis para suportar a escassez de água e estas poderiam ser utilizadas como critérios para selecionar cultivares tolerantes à seca. Foram considerados mais adaptados à seca os seguintes cafeeiros: Geisha, Semperflorens, BA10, IAC H 8105-7, IAC H 8421-2 e a cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81
Seca-da-mangueira XXII: sobrevivência de variedades poliembriônicas
A doença seca-da-mangueira é causada pelo fungo Ceratocystis spp., que provoca a morte de mangueiras em diversos estados brasileiros. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a sobrevivência de variedades de mangueira, utilizadas como porta-enxertos, em condições de campo e casa de vegetação. Variedades poliembriônicas de mangueira foram testadas para resistência a Ceratocystis spp.pelo método de inoculação do fungo via solo, em casa de vegetação. As plantas sobreviventes foram plantadas como pé-franco na Estação Experimental de Pindorama (IAC), e as consideradas promissoras foram multiplicadas por enxertia em diversos porta-enxertos. Após 17 anos do plantio, avaliou-se o número de plantas mortas e verificou-se que, para o porta-enxerto Manila , considerado resistente, todas as plantas estavam vivas, enquanto Coquinho, considerado suscetível, apresentou 58,3% de plantas mortas. Dois isolados de C. mangicola M. van Wyk and M.J. Wingf. foram utilizados para avaliar a resistência das variedades de mangueira, em casa de vegetação. O patógeno foi cultivado em meio de cultura BDA e transferido para o meio líquido BD. Foram realizadas oito inoculações sucessivas, com intervalo mínimo de 30 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas pelas porcentagens de plantas mortas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, com 15 variedades e quatro repetições. O método de inoculação via rega de solo, com 5 mL de inóculo à concentração de 10(6) esporos . mL-1 foi eficiente para selecionar porta-enxertos de mangueira resistentes a C. mangicola. As variedades Vitória, IAC 112, Dura e Bocado mostraram ser resistentes ao isolado de C. mangicola neste experimento. A variedade Juliana apresentou o mesmo nível de suscetibilidade da variedade Coquinho. Recomenda-se evitar essas duas variedades para uso como porta-enxertos em áreas onde ocorre a doença
Coffea arabica clones resistant to coffee leaf miner
Abstract -Brazilian arabica coffee production is based on a set of highl
Coffea arabica clones resistant to coffee leaf miner
Brazilian arabica coffee production is based on a set of highly productive cultivars sexually propagated. All of them are
susceptible to coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella, and most of them are also susceptible to coffee leaf rust, Hemileia vastatrix.
Aiming to reduce the selection process of cultivars with multiple resistances to both biotic constraints, the Coffea arabica clones 760, 1059, 1064 and 1215 were evaluated under field conditions. The mean yield of four C. arabica clones was not statistically different from the experimental controls; however, the yield of clone 1059 was 21% higher than the control cultivar Obatã IAC 1669-20. Leaf miner resistance level in all the evaluated clones remained the same as the mother plant’s. However, the same did not occur for resistance to H. vastatrix, due to the emergence of new pathogen races. In summary, it is potentially feasible the adoption of clone 1059 as a new clonal cultivar resistant to coffee leaf miner
IAC Obatã 4739 - dwarf arabic coffee cultivar with yellow fruits and resistant to leaf rust
<div><p>Abstract Cultivar IAC Obatã 4739 was derived from a cross between coffee tree IAC 1669-20-1 and cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62. It is short and high-yielding, rust-resistant, has large and yellow fruits, medium to late maturation, excellent cup quality, and responds effectively to irrigation.</p></div
Natural infection of several Coffea species and hybrids and Psilanthus ebracteolatus by the coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV)
Coffee ringspot is a minor coffee disease caused by the nuclear type of Brevipalpus mite-transmitted virus, Coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV). Recently outbreaks of the disease in some growing regions of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were registered with qualitative and quantitative yield losses. Coffea arabica was the only species registered as natural host. A survey was made on a germplasm collection of Coffea and related species kept at the Centro de Café "Alcides Carvalho", Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, to assess natural susceptibility of Coffee species, other than C. arabica and some interspecific hybrids of Coffea as well as other non-Coffea plant species to the Coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV). The following plants were found with ringspot symptoms on their leaves and/or fruits besides C. arabica L.: C. kapakata (IAC 4511), C. dewevrei cv. Excelsa, C. canephora cv. Robusta, hybrid derivative of the C. arabica × C. racemosa (IAC1195-5-6-2), C. arabica × C. dewerei (Piatã IAC 387), Híbrido de Timor CIFC 832/1 (derivative from a natural crossing between C. arabica × C. canephora) and C. racemosa. Also Psilanthus ebracteolatus, a species close to the genus Coffee was also found with ringspot lesions on their leaves. All these plants were also found infested by Brevipalpus mites identified as B. phoenicis. Infection of these plants by CoRSV was confirmed by the observation of characteristic cytopathic effects in the tissues of the lesion and by RT-PCR using a pair of primer specific for CoRSV. Only with C. racemosa RT-PCR failed to amplify the CoRSV genome. The susceptibility of P. ebracteolatus to CoRSV adds new dimension regarding its controversial taxonomic position