Potential Exploitation of Female Vocational High School Students in Internship Programs

This study aims to determine the exploitation potential in internship practices experienced by female vocational students due to the weak bargaining position of students and the imbalance in the relationship between the school and the company. Theoretically, the phenomenon of exploitation experienced by female students who intern in the industrial sector can be associated with tactical capitalism that is intertwined with the education sector. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, where internship opportunities in the industrial sector for vocational students were still limited. However, this study can still show the potential for exploitation of female students even though the opportunity to take part in internships in the industrial sector is still not wide open for them. This research used mixed methods, where data is collected using quantitative methods through survey research, followed by in-depth qualitative methods. The research was conducted in four regencies in East Java, including Tuban, Mojokerto, Sidoarjo, and Ngawi. The sample consisted of 271 female students studying in vocational high schools and participating in internships in the business sectors. The results indicate that: (1) female vocational high school students feel threatened because they are forced to work in places that do not match their vocational skills; (2) the working hours during the internship are not consistent with the agreement between the school and the company because they tend to exceed the regular limit on working hours; (3) during the internships, they are often asked to work in the same company, but in a workplace that is not in line with what has been determined at the time of the employment agreement with the school; (4) during the internships, they are asked to work as employees of the company with the same working hours as permanent employees, but they do not receive a salary, and this can be considered as a form of economic exploitation which can also be one of the triggering factors for mental health disturbances for female students participating in internships

Gender, Religion and Patriarchy: The Educational Discrimination of Coastal Madurese Women, East Java

One of the educational development problems is the gap in the quality of education between regions and community groups, as well as gender. This article has examined gender, religion, patriarchy and the educational discrimination faced by coastal women who are a part of the Madura culture in East Java. This study employed a qualitative approach by interviewing 70 informants who consisted of school dropouts, the parents of daughters who had dropped out, teachers, and community leaders. This study found there to be several key findings. In the Madura culture, the concept of gender for women is always associated with the domestic roles. Madurese women experience cultural and structural pressure regarding gender equality, especially for the women coming from poor families. The patriarchal culture is perpetuated through religious dogma and it has become a way of life and a code of conduct. The phenomenon of gender inequality faced by women in Indonesian society, such as in the coastal regions of East Java, cannot be separated from the existence of a patriarchal culture which is a way of life and a code of conduct. Coastal women do not only experience cultural pressure due to the patriarchal culture but they also experience structural pressure. This is because most of them come from poor families. Gender equality is difficult to achieve, particularly for Madurese women living on the coast due to their low socioeconomic status. The relevant empowerment model in the coastal communities related to gender inequality in education. This could start by reconstructing the thoughts of the coastal communities about gender through the existing socio-religious institutions, both formal and informal. In addition, there must be an economic empowerment of the coastal families. This is so then the daughters no longer become victims who must bear the economic burden of the family by dropping out of school or entering into early marriage

Survival Strategies of Indonesian Women from Low-Income Families during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study analyzes the survival strategies of Indonesian women from low-income families with different social and geographical backgrounds. The participants of this study are married women with children from poor families who live in the provinces of East Java and West Sumatra, Indonesia. This research uses the survey method; researchers received questionnaire responses from 857 respondents (457 respondents in East Java, and 400 respondents in West Sumatra). The results of this study indicate that the survival strategy of low-income families during the COVID-19 pandemic is based on the strength of their existing social capital, especially with the support of their families and neighbors. Heavy reliance on their internal social capital creates heightened vulnerability; this study reveals that not all low-income families receive assistance or benefits from the central or local governments. External assistance is pivotal to amplify their existing social capital and to enhance their resilience. This study also suggests that the government’s policies designed to support low-income families need to emphasize women’s agency and empowerment

Women\u27s Reproductive Rights Under Marriage Contract

In Indonesia, marriage contracts are still common. In addition to culture, women\u27s reproductive rights are also strongly associated with poverty. The poverty factor is very influential in relation to quality of life and women\u27s reproductive health. This article investigates the reproductive health rights of women under a marriage contract. Employing the descriptive qualitative method, the research was conducted in Pasuruan, East Java and Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The selection of the research contexts was done purposively. This study shows that a marriage contract does not always imply the occurrence of sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse in a marriage contract may happen or be done by the couples involved if it becomes part of the terms agreed. Couples who engage in a marriage contract may not establish a sexual relationship if it is not part of the deal. The condition of women in a marriage contract who are generally poor and less educated impacts on their low level of awareness of the importance of reproductive health. Knowledge about reproductive health is often not a priority because they are more focused on working for the sake of survival. They are generally not able to access health care because they do not have the money to do so. In addition, poor women who live in remote villages also have problems accessing the health centres. This study indicates that the marriage contract in Indonesia is temporary or only for a certain agreed duration. This has a negative effect on the reproductive health of women. Pregnancy, birth and the presence of children born into a marriage contract are part of the agreement. Women do not fully have control over their reproductive rights in a marriage contract. Poverty and a lack of education of the women in such a marriage of course impacts on their low level of awareness of the importance of understanding their reproductive consciousness. Thus, in the marriage contract, the reproductive rights of women are not controlled by the women themselves. Rather, they need to be considered by the male partner. Reproductive health is not a priority because they are more focused on working for the sake of survival. In Indonesia, marriage contracts are still common.In addition to culture, women\u27s reproductive rights are also strongly associated with poverty. The poverty factor is very influential in relation to quality of life and women\u27s reproductive health.This article investigates the reproductive health rights of women under a marriage contract. Employing the descriptive qualitative method, the research was conducted in Pasuruan, East Java and Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The selection of the research contexts was done purposively. This study shows that a marriage contract does not always imply the occurrence of sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse in a marriage contract may happen or be done by the couples involved if it becomes part of the terms agreed. Couples who engage in a marriage contract may not establish a sexual relationship if it is not part of the deal. The condition of women in a marriage contract who are generally poor and less educated impacts on their low level of awareness of the importance of reproductive health. Knowledge about reproductive health is often not a priority because they are more focused on working for the sake of survival. They are generally not able to access health care because they do not have the money to do so. In addition, poor women who live in remote villages also have problems accessing the health centres. This study indicates that the marriage contract in Indonesia is temporary or only for a certain agreed duration. This has a negative effect on the reproductive health of women. Pregnancy, birth and the presence of children born into a marriage contract are part of the agreement. Women do not fully have control over their reproductive rights in a marriage contract. Poverty and a lack of education of the women in such a marriage of course impacts on their low level of awareness of the importance of understanding their reproductive consciousness. Thus, in the marriage contract, the reproductive rights of women are not controlled by the women themselves. Rather, they need to be considered by the male partner. Reproductive health is not a priority because they are more focused on working for the sake of survival

Female teachers’ double burden during the pandemic: Overcoming challenges and dilemma between career and family

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) challenged educators, especially female teachers, as they shouldered the double burden of being both teachers and spouses. This study articulates the online teaching experiences of Indonesian women that work as elementary school teachers. Moreover, the study explores strategies implemented by these teachers to overcome this career-family dichotomy. Carried out in Indonesia’s East Java province, this descriptive mixed method study surveyed 347 married female teachers, 212 of which have school-aged children. Results showed that home-based online teaching created additional burdens for female teacher and they experienced workload resulting from this dual role, further emphasized by the expectation of domestic duties that are primarily enforced on women. Several strategies, including time management, involving their husbands in domestic chores — that strengthened their social support —, and simultaneously teaching their own children along with their students, were implemented. Therefore, couple’s negotiations regarding role division are needed to achieve gender equality within familial structures.A doença do coronavírus de 2019 (Covid-19) desafiou os educadores, especialmente as professoras, uma vez que elas suportaram o duplo encargo de serem simultaneamente professoras e esposas. Este estudo articula as experiências de ensino online de mulheres indonésias que trabalham como professoras do ensino básico. Além disso, o estudo explora estratégias implementadas por estas professoras para ultrapassar esta dicotomia carreira-família. Realizado na província indonésia de Java Oriental, este estudo descritivo de método misto pesquisou 347 professoras casadas, 212 das quais têm filhos em idade escolar. Os resultados mostraram que o ensino online domiciliário criou encargos adicionais para as professoras e que estas tiveram uma sobrecarga de trabalho resultante deste duplo papel social, ainda mais acentuada pela expectativa de deveres domésticos que são principalmente impostos às mulheres. Foram implementadas várias estratégias, incluindo a gestão do tempo, envolvimento dos seus maridos nas tarefas domésticas — que reforçaram o seu apoio social —, e simultaneamente o ensino dos seus próprios filhos juntamente com os seus alunos. Por conseguinte, são necessárias negociações do casal relativamente à divisão de papéis para alcançar a igualdade de género no seio das estruturas familiares.La maladie à coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) a été particulièrement éprouvante pour les enseignants, et tout particulièrement les femmes, puisqu’elles ont dû assumer la double charge d’être en même temps professeures et épouses. Cet article reprend les expériences d’enseignement à distance de femmes indonésiennes professeures de l’enseignement élémentaire. L’étude explore les stratégies mises en œuvre par ces enseignantes afin de surmonter la dichotomie carrière-famille. Menée dans la province indonésienne de Java Oriental, cette étude descriptive selon une méthode mixte a concerné 347 enseignantes mariées, dont 212 ont des enfants en âge scolaire. Les résultats ont montré que l’enseignement à distance à domicile a créé des charges supplémentaires pour les professeures, qui ont eu une surcharge de travail du fait de ce double rôle social, encore plus accentuée par l’attente des tâches ménagères qui sont principalement imposées aux femmes. Plusieurs stratégies ont été adoptées, notamment la gestion du temps, la participation des maris aux tâches ménagères – qui a renforcé leur appui social – et, simultanément, l’enseignement de leur propres enfants en même temps que leurs élèves. Par conséquent, il faut des négociations au sein du couple concernant le partage des rôles afin d’atteindre l’égalité de genre au sein des structures familiales.La enfermedad del coronavirus de 2019 (Covid-19) desafió a los educadores, especialmente a las profesoras, tomando en cuenta que ellas soportaron la doble función de ser simultáneamente profesoras y esposas. Este estudio articula las experiencias de enseñanza online de mujeres indonesias que trabajan como profesoras de enseñanza básica. Además de eso, el estudio explora estrategias implementadas por estas profesoras para superar esta dicotomía carrera-familia. Realizado en la provincia indonesia de Java Oriental, este estudio de método descriptivo mixto buscó 347 profesoras casadas, 212 de las cuales tienen hijos en edad escolar. Los resultados mostraron que la enseñanza online domiciliaria creó encargos adicionales para las profesoras y que estas tuvieron una sobrecarga de trabajo resultante de este doble papel social, incluso más acentuada por la expectativa de deberes domésticos que son principalmente impuestos a las mujeres. Fueron implementadas varias estrategias,incluyendo la gestión del tiempo, envolvimiento de sus maridos en las tareas domésticas - que reforzaron su apoyo social -, y, simultáneamente la enseñanza de sus propios hijos de manera conjunta con sus alumnos. Por consiguiente, son necesarias negociaciones de la pareja relativamente a la división de papeles para alcanzar la igualdad de género en el seno de las estructuras familiares.publicad

Female Empowerment and the Preservation of Local Handicraft Home-based Industries in Java

This study demonstrates the central role of women in preserving local cultural handicrafts as a home-based industry and the role of government bodies and stake holders in preserving these cultural handicrafts. The study focuses on five villages located in four regencies on the island of Java. Data collection was obtained through interviews and questionnaires. Over the course of one month data was collected from 258 craftswomen and managers as respondents. The results show the importance of the roles occupied by women within local handicraft industries. These women are often viewed as subordinate to their male counterparts, yet these women are expected to shoulder multiple burdens and roles, both work-related and domestic. The conclusions of this study indicate that both central and local Governments are not providing adequate support to meet the needs of these women

Penyusunan Model Social Early Warning System Untuk Mengantisipasi Konflik Sosial di Masyarakat

The problems that will be examined in this research: 1. What factors that often became the potential latent trigger for the occurrence of social conflict in the East Java Province communities? 2. 2. What social structures in the local level that that’s was functional in supporting the efforts to develop social compatibility in East Java province communities? 3. 3. What are the effective and realistic strategies to develop, to create unity in the communities? 4. 4. What kind of social early warning system model thet must be developed to anticipate the occurrence of social conflicts in the Aest Java Province communities

INTEGRATING THE ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS IN PREVENTING THE HIV/AIDS TRANSMISSION IN EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

HIV/AIDS prevention is very important and absolutely necessary. HIV transmission is now entering a fairly alarming level, in which people with HIV/AIDS in certain subpopulations are emerging. Special steps and resources are thus needed to cope with the condition. There are some phenomena potentially encourage HIV transmissions, such as the increasingly common free sex, homosexuality, the use of unsafe and unsterile syringes in narcotics consumption, commercial sex workers and various high-risk sexual activities. One of the crucial concerns that arises when sending prostitutes back to their hometowns without any coordinated and holistic mechanism is that the prostitutes may cause the spreading of HIV/AIDS in their hometowns. The research objective is to provide the material (input) how the prostitutes themselves may cause the spreading of HIV/AIDS. The research employed descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the implementation and the role division in the closure have been highly coordinated and holistic. The leading sector in the role division is the Social Welfare epartment of the Government in Surabaya. In terms of health aspects for the former prostitutes sent back to their hometowns, there has been no policies related to medical screening designed to identify the disease early. Screening is very important for early diagnosis during the post-closure phase. The screening mechanism is that the Provincial Health Department has to optimize the monitoring, coordination, cooperation, agreements and partnerships with stakeholders such as the Local Health Department and the National/Provincial/Distric AIDS Commission, NGOs that are concerned with the problems of HIV-AIDS, international organizations, professional organizations, community leaders, religious leaders and universities

Digital literacy and survival mechanism of micro-small enterprises in practicing sharing economy

AbstractAmidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Micro-Small Enterprises (MSEs) have faced severe challenges and many are on the brink of collapse. To address this issue, this study investigates the survival mechanisms of MSEs in the digital economy platform, including the barriers they encounter when adapting to sharing economy practices. Additionally, the study examines the digital literacy capabilities of MSE actors and the extent to which these capabilities impact the continuity of businesses involved in the sharing economy. Using a descriptive research approach with 300 MSE actors in East Java Province as respondents, this study reveals that, aside from receiving financial assistance, digitization is essential for MSEs to avoid failure. MSE actors, who previously relied solely on traditional channels for product marketing, are now compelled to use digital platforms and encouraged to participate in sharing economy practices. The study indicates that, despite the perceived benefits of MSE actors’ engagement in the sharing economy practice, the profit earned must be shared with the application owner, without any guarantee of proportionality to the risks they bear. Digital transformation, however, presents a unique opportunity for both new and established MSE actors to upgrade their businesses. Notably, online promotion is much more accessible and cost-effective, with options such as Instagram, Facebook, and Google Business. Nevertheless, the readiness of MSE actors to adopt digital transformation is uneven, as some possess outdated gadgets and inadequate digital literacy. Therefore, digital literacy training for MSE actors is a crucial need