Douleurs abdominales récurrentes d'origine psychogène en pédiatrie (étude prospective de 36 patients, évaluation de la prise en charge aux urgences pédiatriques de La Rochelle et identification de facteurs prédisposant)

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

A 3D geomodel of the deep aquifers in the Orléans area of the southern Paris Basin (France)

An increasing number of cities are interested in deep geothermal energy in order to increase the share of renewable energies in their district heating networks. To reduce the risks related to deep geothermal energy operations, reliable digital models are needed: they make it possible to predict the depth of aquifers away from borehole locations, and their thermal and hydrological evolution by supporting detailed water and heat flow simulations. This paper presents a 3D geomodel developed for this purpose in the southern Paris Basin of France in the Orléans area. The 3D geomodel integrates various data such as reprocessed and interpreted seismic lines, well data, and a pre-existing larger-scale and lower-resolution 3D geological model. The resulting 3D geomodel gives a new and reliable representation of the main aquifers underlying the study area. Within the framework of the project, hydrological and thermal simulations were then performed based on this 3D geomodel. Other environmental investigations (e.g. CO 2 storage) and teaching/communication activities could also benefit from the dataset

Evolution in Composition of Kombucha Consortia over Three Consecutive Years in Production Context

International audienceKombucha is a traditional drink obtained from sugared tea that is transformed by a community of yeasts and bacteria. Its production has become industrialized, and the study of the microbial community’s evolution is needed to improve control over the process. This study followed the microbial composition of black and green kombucha tea over three consecutive years in a production facility using a culture-dependent method. Microorganisms were isolated and cultivated using selective agar media. The DNA of isolates was extracted, amplified using 26S and 16S PCR, and sequenced. Identities were obtained after a comparison to the NCBI database. Dekkera/Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Hanseniaspora valbyensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were the major yeast species, and the major bacterial genera were Acetobacter and Liquorilactobacillus. Results highlight the persistence of yeast species such as B. bruxellensis detected in 2019. Some yeasts species appeared to be sensitive towards stressful events, such as a hot period in 2019. However, they were resilient and isolated again in 2021, as was the case for H. valbyensis. Dominance of B. bruxellensis was clear in green and black tea kombucha, but proportions in yeasts varied depending on tea type and phase (liquid or biofilm). Composition in acetic acid and lactic acid bacteria showed a higher variability than yeasts with many changes in species over time

Rock typing et hétérogénéité de la formation des grès de Roda (Eocène inférieur, Bassin sud pyrénéen) : un analogue de terrain aux réservoirs deltaïques

International audienc

Réalisation d'un modèle photogrammétrique d'affleurement des Grès de Roda (Eocène inférieur, Bassin sud-pyrénéen) pour l'étude des hétérogénéités réservoirs (projet UPGEO)

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Deciphering the Crosstalk Between Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

International audiencePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with rising incidence and a remarkable resistance to current therapies. The reasons for this therapeutic failure include the tumor's extensive infiltration by immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). By using light sheet fluorescent microscopy, we identified here direct interactions between these major immunoregulatory cells in PDAC. The in vivo depletion of MDSCs led to a significant reduction in Tregs in the pancreatic tumors. Through videomicroscopy and ex vivo functional assays we have shown that (i) MDSCs are able to induce Treg cells in a cell-cell dependent manner; (ii) Treg cells affect the survival and/or the proliferation of MDSCs. Furthermore, we have observed contacts between MDSCs and Treg cells at different stages of human cancer. Overall our findings suggest that interactions between MDSCs and Treg cells contribute to PDAC immunosuppressive environment

Epithelial production of elastase is increased in inflammatory bowel disease and causes mucosal inflammation

International audienceImbalance between proteases and their inhibitors plays a crucial role in the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Increased elastolytic activity is observed in the colon of patients suffering from IBD. Here, we aimed at identifying the players involved in elastolytic hyperactivity associated with IBD and their contribution to the disease. We revealed that epithelial cells are a major source of elastolytic activity in healthy human colonic tissues and this activity is greatly increased in IBD patients, both in diseased and distant sites of inflammation. This study identified a previously unrevealed production of elastase 2A (ELA2A) by colonic epithelial cells, which was enhanced in IBD patients. We demonstrated that ELA2A hyperactivity is sufficient to lead to a leaky epithelial barrier. Epithelial ELA2A hyperactivity also modified the cytokine gene expression profile with an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts, while reducing the expression of pro-resolving and repair factor genes. ELA2A thus appears as a novel actor produced by intestinal epithelial cells, which can drive inflammation and loss of barrier function, two essentials pathophysiological hallmarks of IBD. Targeting ELA2A hyperactivity should thus be considered as a potential target for IBD treatment

Food-Grade Bacteria Expressing Elafin Protect Against Inflammation and Restore Colon Homeostasis

Elafin, a natural protease inhibitor expressed in healthy intestinal mucosa, has pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in animal models. We found that mucosal expression of Elafin is diminished in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This defect is associated with increased elastolytic activity (elastase-like proteolysis) in colon tissue. We engineered two food-grade strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to express and deliver Elafin to the site of inflammation in the colon to assess the potential therapeutic benefits of the Elafin-expressing LAB. In mousemodels of acute and chronic colitis, oral administration of Elafin-expressing Ldecreased elastolytic activity and inflammation and restored intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, when cultures of human intestinal epithelial cells were treated with Lsecreting Elafin, the inflamed epithelium was protected from increased intestinal permeability and from the release of cytokines and chemokines, both of which are characteristic of intestinal dysfunction associated with IBD. Together, these results suggest that oral delivery of Lsecreting Elafin may be useful for treating IBD in humans

Modifying the Protease, Antiprotease Pattern by Elafin Overexpression Protects Mice From Colitis

International audienceBACKGROUND & AIMS:: Colon tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been reported to have increased proteolytic activity, but no studies have clearly addressed the protease to anti-protease balance in the pathogenesis of colitis. We investigated the role of Elafin, a serine protease inhibitor expressed by skin and mucosal surfaces in human inflammatory conditions, and the proteases neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase-3 (PR-3), in mice with colitis. METHODS:: We studied mice with heterozygous disruptions in NE and PR-3and 2 strains of mice that express transgenic human elafin (an inhibitor of NE and PR-3). Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) was used to induce colitis. Protease and cytokine levels were measured in colonic tissues collected from the mice. CaCO(2) and HT29 cells were studied in assays for cytokine expression and permeability. RESULTS:: Mice that expressed transgenic elafin developed less colitis and had reduced levels of proteases than wild-type mice following administration of TNBS or DSS. Expression of elafin did not modify activities of elastase or PR-3, but inhibited their increase upon the induction of colitis. Mice that expressed reduced levels of NE and PR-3 were protected against DSS-induced colitis. Elafin expression altered the patterns of inflammatory mediators and strengthened intestinal epithelial barrier functions in cells and colonic tissues from mice. CONCLUSIONS:: The protease inhibitor Elafin prevents intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of colitis and might be developed as a therapeutic agent for IBD