The dynamical association between physical activity and affect in the daily life of individuals with ADHD

Exercise interventions in mental disorders have evidenced a mood-enhancing effect. However, the association between physical activity and affect in everyday life has not been investigated in adult individuals with ADHD, despite being important features of this disorder. As physical activity and affect are dynamic processes in nature, assessing those in everyday life with e- diaries and wearables, has become the gold standard. Thus, we used an mHealth approach to prospectively assess physical activity and affect processes in individuals with ADHD and con- trols aged 14–45 years. Participants wore accelerometers across a four-day period and reported their affect via e-diaries twelve times daily. We used multilevel models to identify the within- subject effects of physical activity on positive and negative affect. We split our sample into three groups: 1. individuals with ADHD who were predominantly inattentive ( n = 48), 2. in- dividuals with ADHD having a combined presentation (i.e., being inattentive and hyperactive; n = 95), and 3. controls ( n = 42). Our analyses revealed a significant cross-level interaction (F(2, 135.072) = 5.733, p = 0.004) of physical activity and group on positive affect. In details, all groups showed a positive association between physical activity and positive affect. Indi- viduals with a combined presentation significantly showed the steepest slope of physical ac- tivity on positive affect (slope_inattentive = 0.005, p < 0.001; slope_combined = 0.009, p < 0.001; slope_controls = 0.004, p = 0.008). Our analyses on negative affect revealed a negative associ- ation only in the individuals with a combined presentation (slope = -0.003; p = 0.001). Whether this specifically pronounced association in individuals being more hyperactive might be a mech- anism reinforcing hyperactivity needs to be empirically clarified in future studies.European Commission 667302ECNP Networ

Carbon nanotube fibers with martensite and austenite Fe residual catalyst: room temperature ferromagnetism and implications for CVD growth

We report on the room temperature ferromagnetic properties of continuous macroscopic fibers made up of carbon nanotubes grown by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition. Their ferromagnetic behavior originates from the presence of residual catalyst nanoparticles: martensite with 0.77 wt% C content and FCC Fe. The first is intrinsically ferromagnetic, but the latter only due to severe lattice distortion as a consequence of C supersaturation. The stabilization of martensite and austenite occurs mainly because of the small diameter of the nanoparticles, in the range of 4-20 nm. This is smaller than the embryonic nucleus of the relevant equilibrium phases, but also implies that large C concentrations can build up in FCC Fe before C can be segregated as a stable graphitic nucleus. The room temperature remanence ranges from 10% to 25% and the coercivity from 55 to 300 Oe, depending on the choice of promoter for fiber synthesis (S or Se). Superparamagnetic behavior is only observed in S-grown samples on account of the smaller diameter of residual catalyst particles. The results of this work provide an explanation for the widespread observation of magnetic properties in oxide-free CNT samples produced by catalytic growth under a wide range of synthesis conditions

Prevalencia de osteoporosis, detectada mediante densitometría de calcáneo, y su asociación a factores de riesgo en mujeres postmenopáusicas de Mallorca

La osteoporosis es una enfermedad muy prevalente condicionando un aumento del riesgo de fractura. El diagnóstico habitualmente se realiza por densitometría, especialmente practicada en columna lumbar y / o cadera. El presente estudio pretende determinar la prevalencia de osteoporosis por densitometría en calcáneo de mujeres mayores de Mallorca. La prevalencia según la T-score utilizada oscila entre el 8,5 y 32,6% según el punto de corte del T-score utilizado. Se han encontrado factores de riesgo relacionados con la osteoporosis como la edad, el peso, el IMC, las fracturas osteoporóticas previas y la lactancia materna.Osteoporosis is a disease very frequent that rises the risk of bone fracture. Diagnosis is usually done by practicing a Bone Mineral Densitometry, usually located in the femoral neck and / or lumbar spine. This study wants to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis, by using a calcaneal densitometry, in old Mallorcan women. The results establish a prevalence between the 8,5 and 32,6% depending the T-score used. Osteoporosis is related to age, weigh, BMI, previous osteoporotic fractures and breastfeeding

Smartphone App (2kmFIT-App) for Measuring Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Validity and Reliability Study

FBO research activity was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness—MINECO/FEDER DEP2016-79512-R; the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 667302; the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES); the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades, and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6107/ UGR; the EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations (DEP2005-00046/ACTI); and the SAMID III network, RETICS, funded by the PN I+D+I 2017-2021 (Spain), ISCIII Sub-Directorate-General for Research Assessment and Promotion, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Ref. RD16/002). AN was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the CIBERFES (CB16/10/00239), the Seneca Foundation through the unit of excellence (Grant 19899/GERM/15), and the Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities RTI2018-093528-B-I00 (all of which are cofinanced by FEDER). CCS is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FJC2018-037925-I). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the institutions they belong to.Background: There is strong evidence suggesting that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a healthier metabolic profile, and that CRF can serve as a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality. In this context, a smartphone app based on the 2-km walk test (UKK test) would provide the possibility to assess CRF remotely in individuals geographically distributed around a country or continent, and even between continents, with minimal equipment and low costs. Objective: The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of 2kmFIT-App developed for Android and iOS mobile operating systems to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) as an indicator of CRF. The specific aims of the study were to determine the validity of 2kmFIT-App to track distance and calculate heart rate (HR). Methods: Twenty participants were included for field-testing validation and reliability analysis. The participants completed the UKK test twice using 2kmFIT-App. Distance and HR were measured with the app as well as with accurate methods, and VO2max was estimated using the UKK test equation. Results: The validity results showed the following mean differences (app minus criterion): distance (& ndash;70.40, SD 51.47 meters), time (& ndash;0.59, SD 0.45 minutes), HR (& ndash;16.75, SD 9.96 beats/minute), and VO2max (3.59, SD 2.01 ml/kg/min). There was moderate validity found for HR (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.731, 95% CI & ndash;0.211 to 0.942) and good validity found for VO2max (ICC 0.878, 95% CI & ndash;0.125 to 0.972). The reliability results showed the following mean differences (retest minus test): app distance (25.99, SD 43.21 meters), app time (& ndash;0.15, SD 0.94 seconds), pace (& ndash;0.18, SD 0.33 min/km), app HR (& ndash;4.5, 13.44 beats/minute), and app VO2max (0.92, SD 3.04 ml/kg/min). There was good reliability for app HR (ICC 0.897, 95% CI 0.742-0.959) and excellent validity for app VO2max (ICC 0.932, 95% CI 0.830-0.973). All of these findings were observed when using the app with an Android operating system, whereas validity was poor when the app was used with iOS. Conclusions: This study shows that 2kmFIT-App is a new, scientifically valid and reliable tool able to objectively and remotely estimate CRF, HR, and distance with an Android but not iOS mobile operating system. However, certain limitations such as the time required by 2kmFIT-App to calculate HR or the temperature environment should be considered when using the app.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-MINECO/FEDER DEP2016-79512-REuropean Commission 667302University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)Junta de AndaluciaEuropean Commission SOMM17/6107/UGR RD16/002EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations DEP2005-00046/ACTISAMID III network, RETICS - PN I+D+I 2017-2021 (Spain)ISCIII Sub-Directorate-General for Research Assessment and PromotionMinistry of Economy and Competitiveness CB16/10/00239Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the CIBERFES CB16/10/00239Fundacion Seneca 19899/GERM/15Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities - FEDER RTI2018-093528-B-I00Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities FJC2018-037925-

El papel del piping en la espeleogénesis del sistema endokárstico de Seso (Pirineo central,Huesca)

[ES] El sistema endokárstico de Seso (Boltaña, Huesca), localizado en el sector central surpirenaico, presenta una espeleogénesis singular. La excavación mecánica en condiciones vadosas de material margoso fácilmente erosionable (procesos de piping) constituye el principal mecanismo espeleogenético. La disposición espacial del sistema endokárstico respecto a las terrazas datadas del río Ara permite situar la formación de la cavidad en el Pleistoceno superior, probablemente coincidiendo con fases húmedas del MIS 4[EN] The Seso Cave system (Boltaña, Huesca province) in the Southcentral Pyrenees presents a singular speleogenesis. Vadose mechanical entrenchment of highly erosive and dispersive marls (piping processes) is the main espeleogenetic mechanism. Geometric relationship between the endokarstic system and a terrace of the Ara River chronologically controlled allows dating the cave formation in the Upper Pleistocene, probably during stages of the MIS 4 with high water availabilityEste trabajo es una contribución del Proyecto CGL2009-10455/BTE (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Fondos Europeos) y de los Grupos de Investigación Geomorfología y Cambio Global y Paleoambientes del Quaternario del Gobierno de Aragón.Agradecemos la ayuda económica del Geoparque del Sobrarbe y la colaboración de Enrique Oliver en el trabajo de laboratorio. Los autores agradecen los comentarios realizados por Juan José Durán, Jerónimo López- Martínez y un revisor anónimo.Peer reviewe

Unveiling Viruses Associated with Gastroenteritis Using a Metagenomics Approach

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is an important illness worldwide, especially on children, with viruses accounting for approximately 70% of the acute cases. A high number of these cases have an unknown etiological agent and the rise of next generation sequencing technologies has opened new opportunities for viral pathogen detection and discovery. Viral metagenomics in routine clinical settings has the potential to identify unexpected or novel variants of viral pathogens that cause gastroenteritis. In this study, 124 samples from acute gastroenteritis patients from 2012-2014 previously tested negative for common gastroenteritis pathogens were pooled by age and analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) to elucidate unidentified viral infections. The most abundant sequences detected potentially associated to acute gastroenteritis were from Astroviridae and Caliciviridae families, with the detection of norovirus GIV and sapoviruses. Lower number of contigs associated to rotaviruses were detected. As expected, other viruses that may be associated to gastroenteritis but also produce persistent infections in the gut were identified including several Picornaviridae members (EV, parechoviruses, cardioviruses) and adenoviruses. According to the sequencing data, astroviruses, sapoviruses and NoV GIV should be added to the list of viral pathogens screened in routine clinical analysis

La vaca de l’Albera: necessitat d’un programa de conservació i expansió

La raça de l’Albera és una població bovina autòctona localitzada en el massís de l’Albera (Alt Empordà, Girona, Catalunya), ben adaptada i capaç d’aprofitar els recursos alimentaris de la zona. Són animals rústics, de petit format i que viuen en llibertat tot l’any. S’enquadra en el tronc cantàbric, encara que tradicionalment s’hagin descrit dues varietats: la Negra i la Fagina. Les femelles s’usen com a reposició del ramat i els vedells mascles són engreixats tot i el seu limitat potencial carnisser. L’edat al primer part de les vaques és entre els 3 i 4 anys. L’últim cens d’animals adults amb morfotip Albera ha classificant la població de raça en perill d’extinció d’acord amb la FAO. Per aquest motiu s’està realitzant un programa formal de conservació que inclou la conservació in situ, ex situ i in vitro.The Alberes cattle breed is an autochthonous bovine population located in the Alberes Massif (Alt Empordà,Girona, Catalunya), well adapted to the zone in which it mainly makes use of forest resources. Cows are small sized and rustic, living under a semi-feral management system with minimal human contact. This breed clusters within the Cantabrian trunk, although traditionally two coat colour varieties have been described, Black and Fawn varieties. All of the females are used for replacement and the males are destined for fattening despite their low meat potential. The age at first calving ranges between three and four years. The last census of adult animals considered as an Endangered Breed according to the FAO classification. This dramatic situation allows to start a formal conservation programme with the combination of in situ, ex situ and in vitro practices

Role of piping processes in the speleogenesis of Seso Cave (Central Pyrenees, Huesca province)

El sistema endokárstico de Seso (Boltaña, Huesca), localizado en el sector central surpirenaico, presenta una espeleogénesis singular. La excavación mecánica en condiciones vadosas de material margoso fácilmente erosionable (procesos de piping) constituye el principal mecanismo espeleogenético. La disposición espacial del sistema endokárstico respecto a las terrazas datadas del río Ara permite situar la formación de la cavidad en el Pleistoceno superior, probablemente coincidiendo con fases húmedas del MIS 4The Seso Cave system (Boltaña, Huesca province) in the Southcentral Pyrenees presents a singular speleogenesis. Vadose mechanical entrenchment of highly erosive and dispersive marls (piping processes) is the main espeleogenetic mechanism. Geometric relationship between the endokarstic system and a terrace of the Ara River chronologically controlled allows dating the cave formation in the Upper Pleistocene, probably during stages of the MIS 4 with high water availabilit

Knowledge management for systems biology a general and visually driven framework applied to translational medicine

Background: To enhance our understanding of complex biological systems like diseases we need to put all of the available data into context and use this to detect relations, pattern and rules which allow predictive hypotheses to be defined. Life science has become a data rich science with information about the behaviour of millions of entities like genes, chemical compounds, diseases, cell types and organs, which are organised in many different databases and/or spread throughout the literature. Existing knowledge such as genotype - phenotype relations or signal transduction pathways must be semantically integrated and dynamically organised into structured networks that are connected with clinical and experimental data. Different approaches to this challenge exist but so far none has proven entirely satisfactory. Results: To address this challenge we previously developed a generic knowledge management framework, BioXM , which allows the dynamic, graphic generation of domain specific knowledge representation models based on specific objects and their relations supporting annotations and ontologies. Here we demonstrate the utility of BioXM for knowledge management in systems biology as part of the EU FP6 BioBridge project on translational approaches to chronic diseases. From clinical and experimental data, text-mining results and public databases we generate a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) knowledge base and demonstrate its use by mining specific molecular networks together with integrated clinical and experimental data. Conclusions: We generate the first semantically integrated COPD specific public knowledge base and find that for the integration of clinical and experimental data with pre-existing knowledge the configuration based set-up enabled by BioXM reduced implementation time and effort for the knowledge base compared to similar systems implemented as classical software development projects. The knowledgebase enables the retrieval of sub-networks including protein-protein interaction, pathway, gene - disease and gene - compound data which are used for subsequent data analysis, modelling and simulation. Pre-structured queries and reports enhance usability; establishing their use in everyday clinical settings requires further simplification with a browser based interface which is currently under development

Kerr-Schild Symmetries

We study continuous groups of generalized Kerr-Schild transformations and the vector fields that generate them in any n-dimensional manifold with a Lorentzian metric. We prove that all these vector fields can be intrinsically characterized and that they constitute a Lie algebra if the null deformation direction is fixed. The properties of these Lie algebras are briefly analyzed and we show that they are generically finite-dimensional but that they may have infinite dimension in some relevant situations. The most general vector fields of the above type are explicitly constructed for the following cases: any two-dimensional metric, the general spherically symmetric metric and deformation direction, and the flat metric with parallel or cylindrical deformation directions.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, LaTe