Explaining the Role of Ngos in the Development of Environmental Law

Development is a process that coordinates people's and government's attempt to improve social, cultural and economic condition in any location and enables them all to participate in national progress and this terminology can be considered as an important process to teach people to participate in taking group decisions and in the meanwhile to take responsibilities which is in fact the same as Cooperative Development. This cooperative approach is supported by managers and intellectuals as the object. They claim that terminology should be considered as one of the main humans rights and should be supported in form of a goal and in its particles not for its results. NGOs as part of civil society's organs (CSOs) play significant role in realization of social development objectives. In situations when societies were not successful in solving environmental, developmental and welfare problems, NGOs were selected as shortcuts to pass development road. In those articles, the researcher first studied the importance of the role of NGOs in development and then evaluated the performance of these organizations in relation with development of environmental laws

Post-saccadic Eye Movement Indices Under Cognitive Load: A Path Analysis to Determine Visual Performance

Purpose: The evidence on the linear relationship between cognitive load, saccade, fixation, and task performance was uncertain. We tested pathway models for degraded task performance resulting from changes in saccadic and post-saccadic fixation under cognitive load. Methods: Participants’ (n = 38) eye movements were recorded using a post-saccadic discrimination task with and without arithmetic operations to impose cognitive load, validated through recording heart rate variability and subjective measurement. Results: Results showed that cognitive load led to longer latencies of saccade and fixation; more inaccurate responses and fewer secondary saccades (P < 0.001). Longer saccade latencies influenced task performance indirectly via increases in fixation latency, therefore, longer reaction times and higher response errors were observed due to limited fixation duration on desired target. Conclusion: We suggest that latency and duration of fixation indicate efficiency of information processing and can predict the speed and accuracy of task performance under cognitive load

Context-Aware Recursive Bayesian Graph Traversal in BCIs

Noninvasive brain computer interfaces (BCI), and more specifically Electroencephalography (EEG) based systems for intent detection need to compensate for the low signal to noise ratio of EEG signals. In many applications, the temporal dependency information from consecutive decisions and contextual data can be used to provide a prior probability for the upcoming decision. In this study we proposed two probabilistic graphical models (PGMs), using context information and previously observed EEG evidences to estimate a probability distribution over the decision space in graph based decision-making mechanism. In this approach, user moves a pointer to the desired vertex in the graph in which each vertex represents an action. To select a vertex, a Select command, or a proposed probabilistic Selection criterion (PSC) can be used to automatically detect the user intended vertex. Performance of different PGMs and Selection criteria combinations are compared over a keyboard based on a graph layout. Based on the simulation results, probabilistic Selection criterion along with the probabilistic graphical model provides the highest performance boost for individuals with pour calibration performance and achieving the same performance for individuals with high calibration performance.Comment: This work has been submitted to EMBC 201

Explaining the Role of Ngos in the Development of Environmental Law

Development is a process that coordinates people's and government's attempt to improve social, cultural and economic condition in any location and enables them all to participate in national progress and this terminology can be considered as an important process to teach people to participate in taking group decisions and in the meanwhile to take responsibilities which is in fact the same as Cooperative Development. This cooperative approach is supported by managers and intellectuals as the object. They claim that terminology should be considered as one of the main humans rights and should be supported in form of a goal and in its particles not for its results. NGOs as part of civil society's organs (CSOs) play significant role in realization of social development objectives. In situations when societies were not successful in solving environmental, developmental and welfare problems, NGOs were selected as shortcuts to pass development road. In those articles, the researcher first studied the importance of the role of NGOs in development and then evaluated the performance of these organizations in relation with development of environmental laws

The Effect of Group Games on the Moral Judgment of Third Grade Male Elementary School Students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group games on the moral judgment of third grade male elementary students. In this applied research, a pre-test-post-test with control group was conducted. The research population consisted of all third grade elementary school students in Nourabad Delfan enrolled in the school year 2021-2022. The samples consisted of third generation boys selected through product sampling. The subjects were 30 male students randomly divided into two groups of 15. Moral Judgment questionnaires (MJT) were used in the pretest phase. After protocol validation, the experimental group entered into group games based on the protocol in 10 sessions of 50 minutes and the control group did not participate in the experimental conditions. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. SPSS 10 software was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after the pretest was removed and that the average ethical judgment of the entire experimental group had increased. The effect size (ŋ =0.802) confirms the high influence of group games in explaining the variance in students’ ethical judgment. Consequently, group games can be used as part of the empowerment

Impact of Institutional Ownership and Board Independence on the Relationship Between Excess Free Cash Flow and Earnings Management

However, the free cash flows scale is important for the financial health of the company, but it has also its own limitations. Moreover, it’s not immune from accounting tricks. Free cash flows can be considered as a measure of value for shareholders of listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange. The managers of these companies have tended to use the earnings management for managing the free cash flow and ultimately shareholder value and wealth. The main objective of this study is to investigate the interactive effect of institutional ownership and board independence on the relationship between excess free cash flow and earnings management in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The study is applied and correlation research by its objective and nature. The variables used in this study have been extracted from the financial reports of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and the web page of Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2009 to 2015. The results suggest that, "institutional ownership" and "board independence" on the relationship between "surplus free cash flow and earnings management" had no significant effect

Earthquake Preparedness in Teaching Hospitals: a cross-sectional study in Yazd/ Iran

Earthquake Preparedness in Teaching Hospitals: a cross-sectional study in Yazd/ Iran Abedi Mahdieh1, khanjankhani Khatere 1, Kiani Mohammad Mehdi2*, Seyed Abdel Hossein Mousavi Rigi3, Salehi Marzieh4 1 .M.Sc, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2. PhD Student, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran. 3. M.Sc, Department of Health Services Management, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 4. MSc Student in Healthcare Management, School of Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran *Correspondence: Department of Health and Economic Management, Fourth Floor of School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ghods street, Keshavarz BLV, Tehran, Iran. Tel: 02188989129 Email: [email protected] Abstract: Introduction: Since it is not possible to accurately predict the time of earthquake, knowledge and preparedness of hospitals in relation to earthquake and strategies of facing earthquake are of a particular importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of earthquake preparedness in hospitals affiliated to Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study performed in four hospitals affiliated to Yazd University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A checklist including123 questions evaluating the safety of hospitals in facing earthquake in eight dimensions were used Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation and through SPSS16 statistical software package. Results: The hospitals’ preparedness against earthquake disaster was 58.87%. The highest rate of preparedness was found for dimension of disaster management plans and the lowest rate of preparedness was related to the dimension of hospital training plans (89.08% vs. 25%). The highest correlation was between the number of hospital beds and the dimension of safety of hospital equipments (r=.987) and the lowest correlation was between the number of hospital beds and the training plans (r=.271). Conclusion: Generally, hospitals preparedness against earthquake was at a moderate level and since the lowest level of preparedness against earthquake was in the dimension of educational planning, implementation of training courses should be considered as a priority. Key¬words: Readiness, Teaching hospital, Earthquake. Citation: Abedi M, khanjankhani K, Kian MM, Mousavi Rigi SA, Salehi M. Earthquake Preparedness in Teaching Hospitals: a cross-sectional study in Yazd/ Iran. Journal of Health Based Research 2017; 2(4): 1-11