Running marathons in high school: A 5-year review of injury in a structured training program

Objective: The aim in this study was to quantify the number, nature, and severity of injuries sustained by male and female high school students who took part in a running training program that culminated in the completion of a half or full marathon. Design: This study is a retrospective clinical audit. Methods: Injury reports from high school students (grades 9 – 12) who participated in a half or full marathon 30-week progressive training program comprising four training days per week (three running days and one cross-training day) were reviewed. The number of runners completing a marathon, together with the number, nature, severity of injuries, and treatment types, as reported to the program physiotherapist, were the main outcome measures. Results: Program completion was 96% (n = 448/469). Of all participants, 186 (39.6 %) were injured, with 14 withdrawing from the program due to injury. For those who completed a marathon, 172 (38 %) reported 205 musculoskeletal injuries (age of injured runners: 16.3 ± 1.1 years; 88 girls (51.2 %) and 84 boys (48.8 %)). More than half (n = 113, 55.1 %) of the reported injuries were soft tissue injuries. Most injuries were localized to the lower leg (n = 88, 42.9 %) and were of a minor nature (n = 181, 90 %), requiring only 1–2 treatments. Conclusions: There was a low number of relatively minor injuries for high school participants taking part in a graduated and supervised marathon training program. The injury definition was conservative (i.e., any attendance to physiotherapist) and the relative severity of injuries was minor (i.e., requiring 1 – 2 treatment sessions). Overall, these results do not support a need to restrict high school students from taking part in marathon running, though continued emphasis on graduated program development and close supervision of young participants is recommended

Operator Influence on Blinded Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Antigen Testing for Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Background. Acute pharyngitis caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a common presentation to pediatric emergency departments (ED). Diagnosis with conventional throat culture requires 18-24 hours, which prevents point-of-care treatment decisions. Rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) are faster, but previous reports demonstrate significant operator influence on performance. Objective. To measure operator influence on the diagnostic accuracy of a RADT when performed by pediatric ED nurses and clinical microbiology laboratory technologists, using conventional culture as the reference standard. Methods. Children presenting to a pediatric ED with suspected acute pharyngitis were recruited. Three pharyngeal swabs were collected at once. One swab was used to perform the RADT in the ED, and two were sent to the clinical microbiology laboratory for RADT and conventional culture testing. Results. The RADT when performed by technologists compared to nurses had a 5.1% increased sensitivity (81.4% versus 76.3%) ( = 0.791) (95% CI for difference between technologists and nurses = −11% to +21%) but similar specificity (97.7% versus 96.6%). Conclusion. The performance of the RADT was similar between technologists and ED nurses, although adequate power was not achieved. RADT may be employed in the ED without clinically significant loss of sensitivity

Fission yeast 26S proteasome mutants are multi-drug resistant due to stabilization of the pap1 transcription factor

Here we report the result of a genetic screen for mutants resistant to the microtubule poison methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) that were also temperature sensitive for growth. In total the isolated mutants were distributed in ten complementation groups. Cloning experiments revealed that most of the mutants were in essential genes encoding various 26S proteasome subunits. We found that the proteasome mutants are multi-drug resistant due to stabilization of the stress-activated transcription factor Pap1. We show that the ubiquitylation and ultimately the degradation of Pap1 depend on the Rhp6/Ubc2 E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and the Ubr1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Accordingly, mutants lacking Rhp6 or Ubr1 display drug-resistant phenotypes

Reviews

Introduction to the Law of Employment, Industrial Relations: a Social Psychological Approach, New Zealand and the World: Essays in Honour of Wolfgang Rosenberg, Studies in Conflict: Cases in New Zealand Industrial Relations, Labour Market Economics, The Changing Contours of British Industrial Relations, Workers' Co-operatives: Jobs and Dreams, The Right to Strike, Work and People - an Economic Evaluation of Job Enrichmen

Effect of Thiamine Status on Probability of Lake Ontario Chinook Salmon Spawning in the Upper and Lower Sections of Salmon River, New York

Consumption of thiaminase-containing forage fishes reduces egg and muscle thiamine content and impairs the spawning migration of Cayuga Lake (New York) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Because some Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from Lake Ontario have been shown to produce eggs low in thiamine, we examined the relationship between the migration of Chinook salmon and the thiamine content of their eggs spawned in the lower and upper sections of the Salmon River, a major tributary to Lake Ontario, in 2003–2006. Eggs from the upper section of the river were collected from 79 salmon returning to the state hatchery 25 river kilometers from the mouth. Eggs from 25 salmon in the lower section were collected from redds or females angled on redds approximately 1–3 km from the mouth. For all years combined, we found the mean thiamine concentration in eggs spawned in the lower section to be significantly lower than that for eggs spawned in the upper section; however, the annual differences in thiamine content of eggs between the upper and lower sections were significant only in 2003 and 2006. Binary logistic regression showed that the odds of spawning in the upper section was increased by 96% (95% confidence interval, 21–217%) for every nanomole of increase in the thiamine content of eggs. Therefore, the migratory achievement of Chinook salmon was significantly dependent on their thiamine status

Faculty writing groups: a support for women balancing family and career on the academic tightrope

Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Canada license (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CA) appliesThis qualitative research project explored the experiences of women who juggle the demands of family or parenthood while engaging in academic careers at a faculty of education. The researcher-participants consisted of 11 women; 9 women provided a written narrative, and all women participated in the data analysis. The data consisted of the personal, reflective narratives of 9 women who participated in a faculty writing group. Analysis of narratives uncovered 5 themes common to the researchers and participants in this study: genderspecific experiences surrounding parenting, second-career academics, pressure surrounding academic work, human costs, and commitment to work and family. Implications of the findings are discussed with particular emphasis on how a faculty writing group framed by a relational model of interaction can be used to support untenured faculty who experience difficulty balancing the demands of family and academia.Ye

Effect of Thiamine Status on Probability of Lake Ontario Chinook Salmon Spawning in the Upper or Lower Sections of Salmon River, New York

Consumption of thiaminase‐containing forage fishes reduces egg and muscle thiamine content and impairs the spawning migration of Cayuga Lake (New York) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Because some Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from Lake Ontario have been shown to produce eggs low in thiamine, we examined the relationship between the migration of Chinook salmon and the thiamine content of their eggs spawned in the lower and upper sections of the Salmon River, a major tributary to Lake Ontario, in 2003–2006. Eggs from the upper section of the river were collected from 79 salmon returning to the state hatchery 25 river kilometers from the mouth. Eggs from 25 salmon in the lower section were collected from redds or females angled on redds approximately 1–3 km from the mouth. For all years combined, we found the mean thiamine concentration in eggs spawned in the lower section to be significantly lower than that for eggs spawned in the upper section; however, the annual differences in thiamine content of eggs between the upper and lower sections were significant only in 2003 and 2006. Binary logistic regression showed that the odds of spawning in the upper section was increased by 96% (95% confidence interval, 21–217%) for every nanomole of increase in the thiamine content of eggs. Therefore, the migratory achievement of Chinook salmon was significantly dependent on their thiamine status.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142217/1/nafm0895.pd

Registration of 3D fetal neurosonography and MRI.

We propose a method for registration of 3D fetal brain ultrasound with a reconstructed magnetic resonance fetal brain volume. This method, for the first time, allows the alignment of models of the fetal brain built from magnetic resonance images with 3D fetal brain ultrasound, opening possibilities to develop new, prior information based image analysis methods for 3D fetal neurosonography. The reconstructed magnetic resonance volume is first segmented using a probabilistic atlas and a pseudo ultrasound image volume is simulated from the segmentation. This pseudo ultrasound image is then affinely aligned with clinical ultrasound fetal brain volumes using a robust block-matching approach that can deal with intensity artefacts and missing features in the ultrasound images. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrates good performance of the method for our application, in comparison with other tested approaches. The intensity average of 27 ultrasound images co-aligned with the pseudo ultrasound template shows good correlation with anatomy of the fetal brain as seen in the reconstructed magnetic resonance image