A FOOTNOTE ON DANGEROUS ANIMALS

Much has been said and written by courts and authors on different aspects of the question of liability for injuries by animals, but there remains the task of fitting all these pieces into a complete pattern. The general subject of liability of the possessor of harm-producing animals has been treated on two separate and independent theories: (1) trespass, for injuries by marauding cattle; (2) case, for harms caused by animals other than trespassing cattle. The explanation for the separation of these two bodies of law is in part historical, the possessor of straying cattle being historically so identified with them that their trespass was his own act-- for I am the trespasser with my beasts --and, also, that the interests protected are altogether dissimilar. In cattle-trespass law the interest served is the interest in the exclusive and uninterrupted enjoyment of one\u27s land, and in the law redressing harms caused by animals otherwise than by trespassing cattle the interest is primarily that in personal security and, occasionally, the safety of one\u27s personal property. It is to this latter topic that this study is directed, excluding from consideration the rather well-defined principles of cattle-trespass

The Treatment of Arthurian Legend in Contemporary Literature

One of our richest literary heritages is the Arthurian Legend. It has been the source of inspiration for great literary works and promises not to be soon exhausted. Through the individual interpretations of various masters the legend was widened in scope and enriches until its present comprehensive variety was reached

Development of an evaluation device to measure quality of workmanship on a blouse

The objectives of this study were to develop, test, and revise an evaluation device for quantitatively scoring the quality of blouses constructed by students who learned to sew by following a self-instructional program. The program was developed as part of United States Office of Education research project No. 5-1042. Various kinds of evaluation devices were studied. Since rating scales are most frequently used in areas where measurement is dependent upon observation, a rating scale was selected as the appropriate device for this quantitative scoring of the blouse. A rating scale in dicnotomous form, on which the judge recorded that the blouse was satisfactory or unsatisfactory with respect to each descriptive phrase, was first tried but later discarded in favor of a three-level scale on which judges could appraise eacn construction process by considering several levels of quality. The three-level scale was then subdivided to form a six point scale

Exercise recommendations for people with bone metastases: Expert consensus for healthcare providers and clinical exercise professionals

Purpose: Exercise has been underutilized in people with advanced or incurable cancer despite the potential to improve physical function and reduce psychosocial morbidity, especially for people with bone metastases because of concerns over skeletal complications. The International Bone Metastases Exercise Working Group (IBMEWG) was formed to develop best practice recommendations for exercise programming for people with bone metastases on the basis of published research, clinical experience, and expert opinion. Methods: The IBMEWG undertook sequential steps to inform the recommendations: (1) modified Delphi survey, (2) systematic review, (3) cross-sectional survey to physicians and nurse practitioners, (4) in-person meeting of IBMEWG to review evidence from steps 1-3 to develop draft recommendations, and (5) stakeholder engagement. Results: Recommendations emerged from the contributing evidence and IBMEWG discussion for pre-exercise screening, exercise testing, exercise prescription, and monitoring of exercise response. Identification of individuals who are potentially at higher risk of exercise-related skeletal complication is a complex interplay of these factors: (1) lesion-related, (2) cancer and cancer treatment–related, and (3) the person-related. Exercise assessment and prescription requires consideration of the location and presentation of bone lesion(s) and should be delivered by qualified exercise professionals with oncology education and exercise prescription experience. Emphasis on postural alignment, controlled movement, and proper technique is essential. Conclusion: Ultimately, the perceived risk of skeletal complications should be weighed against potential health benefits on the basis of consultation between the person, health care team, and exercise professionals. These recommendations provide an initial framework to improve the integration of exercise programming into clinical care for people with bone metastases

The Emergence of Risks: Contributing Factors

With this report, IRGC aims to raise awareness among professionals about the fact that risks emerge from a common “fertile ground” that is cultivated by twelve generic “contributing factors”. IRGC defines and illustrates these generic factors, which are applicable across multiple domains. An understanding of these factors will provide practitioners with insights to help anticipate these risks and better manage them at the early phase. While the origins of emerging risks often require a basic understanding of the physical and life sciences, several of the factors identified in this report have a psychological, social or economic dimension

Alterations in ALK/ROS1/NTRK/MET drive a group of infantile hemispheric gliomas

© The Author(s) 2019. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Infant gliomas have paradoxical clinical behavior compared to those in children and adults: low-grade tumors have a higher mortality rate, while high-grade tumors have a better outcome. However, we have little understanding of their biology and therefore cannot explain this behavior nor what constitutes optimal clinical management. Here we report a comprehensive genetic analysis of an international cohort of clinically annotated infant gliomas, revealing 3 clinical subgroups. Group 1 tumors arise in the cerebral hemispheres and harbor alterations in the receptor tyrosine kinases ALK, ROS1, NTRK and MET. These are typically single-events and confer an intermediate outcome. Groups 2 and 3 gliomas harbor RAS/MAPK pathway mutations and arise in the hemispheres and midline, respectively. Group 2 tumors have excellent long-term survival, while group 3 tumors progress rapidly and do not respond well to chemoradiation. We conclude that infant gliomas comprise 3 subgroups, justifying the need for specialized therapeutic strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Exercise Recommendation for People With Bone Metastases: Expert Consensus for Health Care Providers and Exercise Professionals

PURPOSE:Exercise has been underutilized in people with advanced or incurable cancer despite the potential to improve physical function and reduce psychosocial morbidity, especially for people with bone metastases because of concerns over skeletal complications. The International Bone Metastases Exercise Working Group (IBMEWG) was formed to develop best practice recommendations for exercise programming for people with bone metastases on the basis of published research, clinical experience, and expert opinion.METHODS:The IBMEWG undertook sequential steps to inform the recommendations: (1) modified Delphi survey, (2) systematic review, (3) cross-sectional survey to physicians and nurse practitioners, (4) in-person meeting of IBMEWG to review evidence from steps 1-3 to develop draft recommendations, and (5) stakeholder engagement.RESULTS:Recommendations emerged from the contributing evidence and IBMEWG discussion for pre-exercise screening, exercise testing, exercise prescription, and monitoring of exercise response. Identification of individuals who are potentially at higher risk of exercise-related skeletal complication is a complex interplay of these factors: (1) lesion-related, (2) cancer and cancer treatment–related, and (3) the person-related. Exercise assessment and prescription requires consideration of the location and presentation of bone lesion(s) and should be delivered by qualified exercise professionals with oncology education and exercise prescription experience. Emphasis on postural alignment, controlled movement, and proper technique is essential.CONCLUSION:Ultimately, the perceived risk of skeletal complications should be weighed against potential health benefits on the basis of consultation between the person, health care team, and exercise professionals. These recommendations provide an initial framework to improve the integration of exercise programming into clinical care for people with bone metastases