57 research outputs found
Viscomagnetoelastic Interactions in a Vortex Array in the TypeâII Superconductor
The paper develops considerations on viscomagnetoelastic interactions in a vortex array in a typeâII superconductor. It is well known that a magnetic field penetrates such a material along lines called vortices of a special structure. Each of them consists of a core of material in the normal state, i.e. a material in which Ohmâs law works and a surrounding where the supercurrent flows. The mean diameter of a core is called the coherence length. The penetration of the supercurrent outside the core exists in the London penetration depth. Since interactions among the vortices run with the help of the Lorenz force, the vortex field has elastic properties. Moreover, because of the normal state inside the vortex core also the viscosity of that field has been observed. The above situation occurs only between upper and lower magnetic field limits below the critical temperature regarding the phase diagram. The vortex field has a very interesting feature. In the vicinity of the lower magnetic field curve it possesses an ordered (quadratic or triangular) structure. Then going to the upper magnetic field limit that structure is losing its configuration behaving as a fluid. We assume smooth transition from ordered to disordered state althought it is much more complicated in nature. Following the above statements all the âmaterialâ coefficients characteristic for the vortex field are also dependent on the magnetic field and temperature. The main aim of the paper is a formulation of the stress â strain constitutive law consisting of the following features:âą a coexistence of the ordered and disordered states,âą the viscosity of the vortex field,âą the dependence of the âmaterialâ coefficients related to the vortex field on the magnetic field.An application for YBCO ceramics that deals with the use of the proposed constitutive law in vortex field equations and results coming from that are presented. Numerical calculations concern wave propagation in depinned parallel vortex line field versus magnitude of the applied magnetic field
Higher Programmatic Volume in Neonatal Heart Surgery Is Associated With Lower Early Mortality
BACKGROUND:
The early results of congenital heart surgery in neonates remain a challenge. We sought to determine the nature of the association between annual center volume of neonatal cardiac surgery and operative mortality using a multicenter cohort.
METHODS:
The dataset consists of 27,556 neonatal procedures performed between 1999 and 2015 in 90 centers participating in the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association database. Centers with mean annual volume load of six or more that submitted data for at least 3 consecutive years were included. World Bank annual gross national index per capita was utilized as an indicator of temporal national affluence. Multilevel logistic regression was used to create a model including the significant risk factors and to calculate odds ratios for operative mortality. Iterative modeling of the dataset incrementally excluding centers with lower annual caseload was used to identify the relationship between annual volume and mortality.
RESULTS:
In the model thus calculated including The Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STAT) mortality score, operative weight and age, noncardiac genetic anomalies, and annual volume of operations were independent risk factors for operative mortality in the analysis of the entire cohort. In the model containing these variables, annual gross national index and year of surgery were not significantly associated with mortality. In the iterative process, annual volume ceased to be a risk factor when units operating on fewer than 60 neonates annually were excluded.
CONCLUSIONS:
In neonatal congenital heart surgery, the risk of operative death decreased with the increase of volume load. The cutoff point in this cohort was a mean annual volume of 60 neonatal operations per year.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials
[EN] Combining several theories this paper presents a general multiphysics framework applied to the study of coupled and active materials, considering mechanical, electric, magnetic and thermal fields. The framework is based on thermodynamic equilibrium and non-equilibrium interactions, both linked by a two-temperature model. The multi-coupled governing equations are obtained from energy, momentum and entropy balances; the total energy is the sum of thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic parts. The momentum balance considers mechanical plus electromagnetic balances; for the latter the Abraham rep- resentation using the Maxwell stress tensor is formulated. This tensor is manipulated to automatically fulfill the angular momentum balance. The entropy balance is for- mulated using the classical Gibbs equation for equilibrium interactions and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. For the non-linear finite element formulations, this equation requires the transformation of thermoelectric coupling and conductivities into tensorial form. The two-way thermoe- lastic Biot term introduces damping: thermomechanical, pyromagnetic and pyroelectric converse electromagnetic dynamic interactions. Ponderomotrix and electromagnetic forces are also considered. The governing equations are converted into a variational formulation with the resulting four-field, multi-coupled formalism implemented and val- idated with two custom-made finite elements in the research code FEAP. Standard first-order isoparametric eight-node elements with seven degrees of freedom (dof) per node (three displacements, voltage and magnetic scalar potentials plus two temperatures) are used. Non-linearities and dynamics are solved with Newton-Raphson and New- mark-b algorithms, respectively. Results of thermoelectric, thermoelastic, thermomagnetic, piezoelectric, piezomag- netic, pyroelectric, pyromagnetic and galvanomagnetic interactions are presented, including non-linear depen- dency on temperature and some second-order interactions.This research was partially supported by grants CSD2008-00037 Canfranc Underground Physics, Polytechnic University of Valencia under programs PAID 02-11-1828 and 05-10-2674. The first author used the grant Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2014/232 for the completion of this work.PĂ©rez-Aparicio, JL.; Palma, R.; Taylor, R. (2016). Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. 23:535-583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-015-9149-9S53558323Abraham M (1910) Sullâelettrodinamica di Minkowski. 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Podejmowanie decyzji w kardiochirurgii â koncepcja budowy systemu ekspertowego
The fundamental goal of modern information technology is to support decision making process in organizations, for both routine and highly complex problems, based on heterogeneous data sources. The main objective of the paper is to present the construction concept of knowledge base for an expert system designed to support the decision making in cardiac surgery. A knowledge-based medical expert system is designed to support decision-making process in cardiac surgery where knowledge from medical guidelines, risk scales, and registries is applied to reason the medical procedure in a particular case scenario.Jednym z podstawowych zadaĆ wspĂłĆczesnej informatyzacji organizacji jest wsparcie procesu podejmowania rutynowych, ale i wysoce skomplikowanych oraz opartych na heterogenicznych ĆșrĂłdĆach danych, decyzji. Zasadniczym celem artykuĆu jest przedstawienie koncepcji budowy baz wiedzy na potrzeby systemu eksperckiego wspomagajÄ
cego proces podejmowania decyzji w kardiochirurgii. System ekspertowy oparty na bazach wiedzy pochodzÄ
cych ze wskazaĆ medycznych, skal ryzyka i rejestrĂłw, ma wspomagaÄ podejmowanie decyzji odnoĆnie procedur medycznych w poszczegĂłlnych przypadkach klinicznych
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: Outcome of surgical correction and management of recurrent venous obstruction Appendix A. Conference discussion
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection:Outcome of surgical correction and management of recurrent venous obstruction Appendix A. Conference discussion
Outcome of cardiac surgery in low birth weight and premature infants - Conference discussion
Outcome of cardiac surgery in low birth weight and premature infants - Conference discussion
Outcome of cardiac surgery in low birth weight and premature infants - Conference discussion
Outcome of cardiac surgery in low birth weight and premature infants - Conference discussion
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