The Warfare-Welfare Tradeoff: Consequences of Continuing the Nudear Arms Race and Some Policy Alternatives

This paper provides a survey of the positive functions of the nuclear arms race for segments of society and society as a whole. The analysis of the positive functions does not serve as a justification for the status quo, but is undertaken to point out the numerous constraints mitigating against change. Massive social forces operate in such a manner as to continue and expand the arms race, indicating large scale social changes are required to stop it. A series of policy alternatives are enumerated as functional alternatives which would have fewer negative consequences while preserving our national security

An Extension of the Behavioral Classification Project Upward to Adults.

This study consists of the extension of the Behavioral Classification Project upward into the adult age range. The instrument developed for the Adult Behavioral Classification Project (AdBCP) is an extension of an existing series of instruments ranging, in coverage, from the pre-school to adolescent ages. This study initiated the construction of and initial standardization of an instrument which will be used to determine dimensions of problem behavior which are to eventually be used as the basis for a system of classification. The literature regarding issues of classification and difficulties with present classification schemes is reviewed. Alternate classification systems are considered. The AdBCP instrument designed for this study is a 536-item true-false questionnaire composed of items which are behavioral; that is describe behaviors that can be seen, heard, or smelled by an observer, and which require minimal interpretation on the part of an observer. The instrument was administered to 615 subjects comprised of clinical and non-clinical groups ranging in age from 18 to 65. The 249 clinical subjects, persons receiving psychotherapy, included in-patients and out-patients of public institutions as well as out-patients of private practitioners. The non-clinical group consisted of 366 subjects, 203 of whom are college students. The completed protocols were analyzed by a principal components factor analytic procedure (VAND 500). Thirty factors were retained, rotated orthogonally then obliquely. Twenty-four of the oblique factors were interpreted. Factor scores were obtained for eighteen of these factors across seven major diagnostic groups. The relationship among AdBCP factors and factors obtained by other researchers and prior BCP instruments is discussed. Criticisms and ramifications of this project are discussed as are plans for further development

Institutionalizing Community-Based Learning and Research: The Case for External Networks

Conversations continue as to whether and how community-based learning and research (CBLR) can be most effectively integrated into the mission and practice of institutions of higher education (IHEs). In 2005, eight District of Columbia- (DC-) area universities affiliated with the Community Research and Learning (CoRAL) Network engaged in a planning and evaluation exercise, applying a “rapid assessment” method to gauge baseline levels of CBLR institutionalization on each campus, envisioning progress in key areas, and proposing ways in which the CoRAL Network could achieve institutionalization goals. Aggregate analysis of the assessment data suggests several areas of similarity across extremely diverse university settings. Principle among the areas of similarity is the clearly articulated need for a network structure, external to any given university, to play a strategic role in enabling CBLR institutionalization goals

Protest Cycles and Political Process: American Peace Movements in the Nuclear Age

Since the dawn of the nuclear age small groups of activists have consistently protested both the content of United States national security policy, and the process by which it is made. Only occasionally, however, has concern about nuclear weapons spread beyond these relatively marginal groups, generated substantial public support, and reached mainstream political institutions. In this paper, I use histories of peace protest and analyses of the inside of these social movements and theoretical work on protest cycles to explain cycles of movement engagement and quiescence in terms of their relation to external political context, or the "structure of political opportunity." I begin with a brief review of the relevant literature on the origins of movements, noting parallels in the study of interest groups. Building on recent literature on political opportunity structure, I suggest a theoretical framework for understanding the lifecycle of a social movement that emphasizes the interaction between activist choices and political context, proposing a six-stage process through which challenging movements develop. Using this theoretical framework I examine the four cases of relatively broad antinuclear weapons mobilization in postwar America. I conclude with a discussion of movement cycles and their relation to political alignment, public policy, and institutional politics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68552/2/10.1177_106591299304600302.pd

Global Norms, Local Activism, and Social Movement Outcomes: Global Human Rights and Resident Koreans in Japan

The authors integrate social movement outcomes research and the world society approach to build a theoretical model to examine the impact of global and local factors on movement outcomes. Challenging the current research on policy change, which rarely examines the effects of global norms and local activism in one analysis, they argue (1) that global regimes empower and embolden local social movements and increase pressure on target governments from below, and (2) that local activists appeal to international forums with help from international activists to pressure the governments from above. When the pressures from the top and the bottom converge, social movements are more likely to succeed. Furthermore, these pressures are stronger in countries integrated into global society and on issues with strong global norms. The empirical analysis of social movements by resident Koreans in Japan advocating for four types of human rights—civil, political, social/economic, and cultural—demonstrates that the movements produced more successes as Japan\u27s involvement in the international human rights regime expanded since the late 1970s, and that activism on issues with strong global norms achieved greater successes. The analysis also shows that lack of cohesive domestic activism can undercut the chances of social movements\u27 success even with strong global norms on the issue

Frame Changes and Social Movement Contraction: U.S. Peace Movement Framing After the Cold War

This study analyzes framing processes and their relationships with ongoing social movement change. We examine peace frames found among U.S. peace movement organizations (PMOs) in its period of contraction at the end of the Cold War. On the basis of analysis of a unique two-wave survey of U.S. peace movement organizations in 1988 and 1992, we assess the extent to which organizational framing of the peace problematic changed. We found an overall shift in emphases from more bilateral frames like the nuclear weapons freeze to frames emphasizing multilateralism and global interdependence. PMO frame transformations that took place between 1988 and 1992 represent a trend towards broader, more radical (or structural) and less exclusive peace movement frames. We describe the frame transformations observed here as the emergence of “retention frames.” Retention frames embody several dimensions of movement abeyance structures and serve to sustain organizational continuity across episodes of movement surges and contraction

Community-Based Research and Higher Education: Principles and Practices

Community-Based Research and Higher Education is the long-awaited guide to how to incorporate a powerful and promising new form of scholarship into academic settings. The book presents a model of community-based research (CBR) that engages community members with students and faculty in the course of their academic work. Unlike traditional academic research, CBR is collaborative and change-oriented and finds its research questions in the needs of communities

Principles of Best Practice for Community-Based Research

Community-based research (CBR) offers higher education a distinctive form of engaged scholarship and a transformative approach to teaching and learning. In this article, we propose a CBR model that is genuinely collaborative and driven by community rather than campus interests; that democratizes the creation and dissemination of knowledge; and that seeks to achieve positive social change. We demonstrate how this model translates into principles that underlie the practice of CBR in four critical areas: campus-community partnerships, research design and process, teaching and learning, and the institutionalization of centers to support CBR

Community-Based Research Networks: Development and Lessons Learned in an Emerging Field

While in recent years there has been an increasing amount written about how to conduct individual community based research (CBR) projects, little is known about the infrastructure supporting such projects. This paper compares seven multi-institutional CBR networks in Appalachia, Colorado, the District of Columbia, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Philadelphia, Richmond, Virginia, and Trenton, New Jersey. After reviewing the histories of the networks, we conduct a comparative SWOT analysis, showing their common and unique Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. We conclude with the lessons suggested by the network histories and SWOT analyses