3,336 research outputs found
IDENTIFYING AN EFFICIENT FEED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN THE MIDWEST
Livestock Production/Industries,
Hydrological changes in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean, DYFAMED site) during 1995–2007 and biogeochemical consequences
Data obtained during the monthly cruises of the DYFAMED time-series study (northwestern Mediterranean Sea) in the period 1995–2007 were compiled to examine the hydrological changes and the linked variation of some biogeochemical characteristics (nutrients and pigments). A regular increase of temperature and salinity (0.005 °C y<sup>−1</sup>, 0.0022 psu y<sup>−1</sup>) was recorded in deep waters of the NW Mediterranean Sea (2000 m depth) during 1995–2005. In February 2006 an abrupt increase in <i>T</i> (+0.1 °C) and <i>S</i> (+0.03 psu) was measured at 2000 m depth as the result of successive intense winter mixing events during the 3 previous years. The February 2006 event led to the mixing of the whole water column (0 to >2000 m) and increased salt and heat content of the Western Mediterranean Deep Water by mixing with saltier and warmer Levantine Intermediate Water. The deficit in fresh water inputs to the western Mediterranean basin in three successive years (2003–2005) was suspected to be the major cause of this event since an increase of salinity in surface waters was monitored during these years. The measured phytoplankton biomass was specifically high after the periods of intense mixing. Chlorophyll <i>a</i> integrated biomass reached 230 mg m<sup>−2</sup> in 1999, 175 mg m<sup>−2</sup> in 2003, and 206 mg m<sup>−2</sup> in 2006. The high levels of biomass were related to the particularly high increases in nutrients content in surface layers following the intense water column mixing and the subsequent development of a diatom bloom (as seen by fucoxanthin content). The occurrence of extreme events (high mixing, high nutrients, and high biomass) increased in recent drought years (2003 to 2006). Our results indicated that the NW Mediterranean Sea productivity is increasing
Experimental evidences of a large extrinsic spin Hall effect in AuW alloy
We report an experimental study of a gold-tungsten alloy (7% at. W
concentration in Au host) displaying remarkable properties for spintronics
applications using both magneto-transport in lateral spin valve devices and
spin-pumping with inverse spin Hall effect experiments. A very large spin Hall
angle of about 10% is consistently found using both techniques with the
reliable spin diffusion length of 2 nm estimated by the spin sink experiments
in the lateral spin valves. With its chemical stability, high resistivity and
small induced damping, this AuW alloy may find applications in the nearest
future
Process to create simulated lunar agglutinate particles
A method of creating simulated agglutinate particles by applying a heat source sufficient to partially melt a raw material is provided. The raw material is preferably any lunar soil simulant, crushed mineral, mixture of crushed minerals, or similar material, and the heat source creates localized heating of the raw material
Subdiffusion and cage effect in a sheared granular material
We investigate experimentally the diffusion properties of a bidimensional
bidisperse dry granular material under quasistatic cyclic shear.The comparison
of these properties with results obtained both in computer simulations of hard
spheres systems and Lenard-Jones liquids and experiments on colloidal systems
near the glass transition demonstrates a strong analogy between the behaviour
of granular matter and these systems. More specifically, we study in detail the
cage dynamics responsible for the subdiffusion in the slow relaxation regime,
and obtain the values of relevant time and length scales.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PR
Short-term changes in particulate fluxes measured by drifting sediment traps during end summer oligotrophic regime in the NW Mediterranean Sea
Short-term changes in the flux of particulate matter were determined in the central north western Mediterranean Sea (near DYFAMED site) using drifting sediment traps at 200 m depth in the course of the DYNAPROC 2 cruise (14 September–17 October 2004). In this period of marked water column stratification, POC fluxes varied by an order of magnitude, in the range of 0.03–0.29 mgC m<sup>&minus;2</sup> h<sup>&minus;1</sup> over the month and showed very rapid and high variations. Particulate carbon export represented less than 5% of integrated primary production, suggesting that phytoplankton production was essentially sustained by internal recycling of organic matter and retained within the photic zone. While PON and POP fluxes paralleled one another, the elemental ratios POC/PON and POC/POP, varied widely over short-term periods. Values of these ratios generally higher than the conventional Redfield ratio, together with the very low chlorophyll a flux recorded in the traps (mean 0.017 μg m<sup>&minus;2</sup> h<sup>&minus;1</sup>), and the high phaeopigment and acyl lipid hydrolysis metabolite concentrations of the settling material, indicated that the organic matter reaching 200 m depth was reworked (by grazing, fecal pellets production, degradation) and that algal sinking, dominated by nano- and picoplankton, made a small contribution to the downward flux. Over time, the relative abundance of individual lipid classes in organic matter (OM) changed from glycolipids-dominated to neutral (wax esters, triacylglycerols) and phospholipids-dominated, suggesting ecosystem maturation as well as rapid and continual exchanges between dissolved, suspended and sinking pools. Our most striking result was documenting the rapid change in fluxes of the various measured parameters. In the situation encountered here, with dominant regenerated production, a decrease of fluxes was noticed during windy periods (possibly through reduction of grazing). But fluxes increased as soon as calm conditions settle
Electrical spin injection and detection in Germanium using three terminal geometry
In this letter, we report on successful electrical spin injection and
detection in \textit{n}-type germanium-on-insulator (GOI) using a
Co/Py/AlO spin injector and 3-terminal non-local measurements. We
observe an enhanced spin accumulation signal of the order of 1 meV consistent
with the sequential tunneling process via interface states in the vicinity of
the AlO/Ge interface. This spin signal is further observable up to
220 K. Moreover, the presence of a strong \textit{inverted} Hanle effect points
at the influence of random fields arising from interface roughness on the
injected spins.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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