Helping Poor Working Parents Get Ahead: Federal Funds for New State Strategies and Systems

Examines the cost-effectiveness of state job advancement systems and outlines a proposal for federally funding programs that provide more education and training, greater access to better-paying jobs, and more robust financial incentives and supports

Panorama del manejo cognitivo conductual de la disfunción de la memoria asociada a la quimioterapia

Objective: This article summarizes current empirical support for Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT), a cognitive-behavioral treatment program that uses a compensatory strategy approach for management of late cognitive effects of chemotherapy among cancer survivors. A description of MAAT, in addition to other treatment approaches, is presented. Results: Current methods of assessing treatment gains among cancer survivors with cognitive problems who have completed programs such as MAAT need to be expanded. As such, a table of patient reported outcome (PRO) measures that may be better suited for future outcome research is proposed. Conclusions: Identifying outcome measures that accurately assess the clinical targets of MAAT and other behavioral treatments is of prime importance, as certain variables (e.g., quality of life, role strain) are not detected by neuropsychological testing in isolation. The PRO table presented in this article is intended to aid future researchers in identifying measures that can reflect quality of life improvement in response to treatments such as MAAT.Objetivo: El presente artículo resume el apoyo empírico actual para el Entrenamiento de la Adaptación de la Memoria y la Atención (MAAT), un programa de tratamiento cognitivo-conductual que utiliza un enfoque de estrategia compensatoria para el manejo de los efectos cognitivos tardíos de la quimioterapia en los supervivientes del cáncer. Se presenta una descripción del MAAT, además de otros enfoques de tratamiento. Resultados: Es necesario ampliar los métodos actuales de evaluación de las mejorías del tratamiento en los supervivientes de cáncer con problemas cognitivos que han completado programas como el MAAT. En este sentido, se propone una tabla de medidas de resultado informadas (PRO) por el paciente que puede ser más adecuada para la investigación de resultados futuros. Conclusiones: Identificar medidas de de resultado que evalúen con precisión los objetivos clínicos del MAAT y otros tratamientos conductuales es de vital importancia, ya que algunas variables (ej., calidad de vida, estrés de rol), no son detectados por pruebas neuropsicológicas de modo aislado. La tabla de PRO presentada en este artículo tiene el propósito de ayudar a los futuros investigadores a identificar las medidas que pueden reflejar la mejoría en calidad de vida en respuesta a tratamientos como el MA

Influence of Temperature-Driven Phenology and Photoperiodic Induction of Reproductive Diapause on Population Dynamics of Erythroneura comes (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

The influence of degree-day accumulations and photoperiodic induction of diapause on the phenology of Erythroneura Comes (Say) was investigated. In growth chamber experiments, nymphs reared at photoperiods of 710 degree days (DD) before 1 August are required to produce a 2nd generation of E. comes under climatic conditions in New York.Variationsin temperature-driven development are hypothesized to strongly influence year-to-year variability in leafhopper abundance. Degree-day accumulations by 30 June correlated well with degree-days by 1 August and may provide a useful early-warningsystem for predicting years in which leafhopper population densities are above averag

Varietal Preferences of Erythroneura Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Feeding on Grapes in New York

Species composition of Erythroneura leafhoppers infesting the 3 major classes of grapes grown in New York was investigated. Eastern grape leafhopper, E. comes (Say), comprised 74-100% of populations collected on the native American (Vitis labrusca Bailey) cultivars ‘Concord', ‘Niagara', ‘Catawba' and ‘Delaware'. On interspecific hybrid (Vitis sp.) and Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, E. comes was largely absent, and 97-100% of leafhoppers collected were 2 cryptic species, E. bistrata McAtee and E. vitifex Fitch. On the native American variety ‘Elvira', a V. labrusca X V riparia Michaux hybrid, field populations were 24% E. comes and 74% the E. bistrata/vitifex complex. E. vitis (Harris), E. tricinta Fitch, and E. vulnerata Fitch were also present in commercial grapes, but never exceeded 20% of the populations sampled. Populations on wild V. riparia adjacent to vineyards were comprised of 24% E. comes, 47% E. histrata/vitifex, 19% E. vitis, and 10% E. tricinta. Dissection revealed that proportions of E. bistrata and E. vitifex in field collections, varied from 97% E. bistrata to 61% E. vitifex. Oviposition of E. comes and E. bistrata on V. vinifera, interspecific hybrid, and native American cultivars was compared in greenhouse choice tests and field no-choice tests. In choice tests, E. comes laid more eggs on Concord and Elvira than on the interspecific hybrid ‘Seyval blanc', or the V. vinifera cultivar ‘White Riesling'. E. bistrata did not oviposit on Concord when paired with either Elvira, Seyval blanc or White Riesling. When caged to grape leaves in no-choice tests, E. comes laid the most eggs on native American cultivars and the fewest on V. vinifera and interspecific hybrids; E. bistrata laid the most eggs on hybrid and V. vinifera cultivars, and very few eggs on three native American cultivars. These results show that E. bistrata and E. vitifex are the principal pest species on V. vinifera and many interspecific hybrid cultivars in New York, and that E. comes is the principal leafhopper pest on native American V. labrusca cultivar

Young People as Humans in Family Court Processes: A Child Rights Approach to Legal Representation

The authors, a retired British Columbia Supreme Court judge and a senior member of Ontario’s Office of the Children’s Lawyer, address the important issue of legal representation for children. They are co-chairs of the Steering Committee which guided the development of the Canadian Bar Association’s new and comprehensive Child Rights Toolkit. As such, they are well-placed to discuss how a child rights approach, as required by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to which Canada is a ratifying party, supports legal representation for children who find themselves caught in contentious family law proceedings before the courts

Phenology, Within-Vineyard Distribution, and Seasonal Movement of Eastern Grape Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in New York Vineyards

Seasonal changes in within-vineyard distribution and abundance of Erythroneura comes (Say) adults and nymphs were investigated from 1989 to 1992. Trap catches of adults were highest in May and were concentrated in wooded areas next to vineyards. In 1989 and 1990 surveys, nymphal densities did not decline as distance from the vineyard edge increased. In 1991, however, nymphal densities were significantly higher at vineyard edges than in vineyard interiors in July, suggesting that oviposition initially was aggregated at vineyard edges. Subsequently, nymphal densities at vineyard edges and interiors were similar. Cumulative degree days (DD) for mean observation of first nymphs, first-generation, and second-generation peak populations, sampled at 14 vineyards in 1989, 1990, and 1991, were 390 ± 71, 648 ± 86, and 1,190 ± 154 DD (mean ± SD; base 10°C), respectively. Nymphal densities exceeded a provisional threshold of five per leaf in only 2, 25, 13, and 8% of vineyards untreated with insecticides in 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively. These results show that leafhoppers do not cause economic injury in most New York vineyards in most years. Reduced insecticide strategies recently implemented for grape berry moth control will not greatly increase the need for insecticide applications directed at leafhoppers in New Yor

Effectiveness of Fuel Treatments for Mitigating Wildfire Severity: A Manager‐Focused Review and Synthesis

The 2008 Request for Applications from the Joint Fire Science Program called for a synthesis of the extant literature that addresses the effectiveness of fuel treatments. We employed a four‐pronged approach to address this task, including several scoping exercises with land managers, a literature review, a meta‐analysis, and development of an online pictorial database

Risk Assessment of Grape Berry Moth and Guidelines for Management of the Eastern Grape Leafhopper

Several factors have prompted the reevaluation of control recommendations for key pests of grapes in recent years. First, the costs of insecticides and their application have risen substantially. Growers who improve the efficiency of their use of pesticides can realize significant savings in production costs. Second, grape processors have responded to consumer desires to minimize pesticide residues in food by promoting judicious use of pesticides. Finally, increased governmental restrictions regarding what pesticides can be used in vineyards and how they may be used may increase the overall difficulty that growers encounter when using pesticides. The result of these factors is that while producers and processors continue to require control of economically-damaging pests, this now must be achieved with the least amount of pesticide possible. The Grape Berry Moth Risk Assessment Program was developed to address these concerns. In this publication we describe how Risk Assessment can be used to maintain acceptable control of grape berry moth and the Eastern grape leafhopper while minimizing use of insecticides

Inheritance of Gray Leaf Spot Resistance in Corn

Gray leaf spot disease, caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon and Daniels, has become a significant disease in Iowa corn (Zea mays L.) production. Incidence of gray leaf spot has increased with the increased use of conservation tillage practices. The inheritance of resistance to gray leaf spot was studied via use of generation mean analyses for five crosses and via use of 100 S1 progenies developed from an F2 population. Experiments were conducted at two locations that included either natural or artificial inoculation with C. zeae-maydis spores. Additive and dominance effects were significant in nearly all instances. Heritability for gray leaf spot resistance among S1 progenies was 0.78. Because resistance seemed to be determined by additive genetic variation, it seems selection for greater resistance to gray leaf spot can be effective. In all instances, the level of gray leaf spot resistance in single-cross hybrids was improved, whether the single-cross hybrid was produced with either one or both parents having resistance. It seems single-cross hybrids will have adequate levels of resistance to gray leaf spot if at least one of the parents has resistance