Socioeconomic and demographic scenario of Brazil, India and Australia

This work presents a study on the social, economic and demographic aspects of Brazil, India and Australia. For this study, a socioeconomic and demographic survey was carried out, analysing Brazil, India and Australia, aimed at comparing the current scenario of these three countries. For the qualitative and quantitative analysis, data mining on the World Bank, IndexMundi, CountryEconomy, Trading Economics and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) databases was performed, having subsequently drawn graphs that summarise the textual information found. With the results, among other conclusions, it was observed that Indian women are not highly present in the job market, with Brazil and Australia having an analogous rate of working women. Furthermore, a similarity was found between the rates of articles published in scientific journals in both Brazil and Australia. Regarding per capita spending on health, it could be noted that the rate in Australia is 10 times higher than in Brazil, while this rate is 20 times lower in India when compared to Brazil. It was also concluded that, although India has 60% more requests for resident and non-resident patent applications, the revenue from intellectual property in this country is 36% lower than the one in Australia and 19% lower than in Brazil

Caracterização das propriedades termo-hidraulicas de materiais artificiais para reaterro de cabos eletricos de potencia

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro TecnologicoO presente trabalho objetivou determinar três propriedades termo-hidraúlicas de um material artificial que tem sido utilizado no reaterramento de cabos de potência. Estas propriedades são a condutividade térmica efetiva, o potencial de sucção ou potencial matricial e a condutividade hidraúlica. Estas propriedades,em conjunto com o modelo de Phillip e de Vries (1957), permitem a análise do comportamento de um solo úmido quando sujeito ao campo térmico gerado pelo cabo elétrico em operação. Aliado à determinação das propriedades de um solo em particular, analisou-se os métodos de medição existentes e estabeleceu-se procedimentos experimentais

Avaliação e otimização de parâmetros do modelo ASM1 aplicadas à simulação de lodos ativados com dados de monitoramento de estação de tratamento de esgoto doméstico de grande porte

A universalização do tratamento de esgoto no Brasil ainda é um grande desafio. A modelagem matemática pode contribuir com o avanço científico e técnico do tratamento de esgotos com lodos ativados (LA), processo amplamente empregado em Estações de Tratamento de Efluentes (ETE) no país. Este estudo ofereceu uma configuração de parâmetros cinéticos e estequiométricos ótimos do modelo ASM1 para a modelagem utilizando dados de monitoramento padrão de ETE de grande porte situada no Brasil em região de clima subtropical. O processo de LA da ETE-SJNV foi modelado com ASM1, Version 3 e o simulador STOAT©. Dados médios de monitoramento (2018 e 2019) foram usados após o tratamento de registros ausentes e censurados e a avaliação de outliers. Adotaram-se relações teóricas no fracionamento da composição do afluente, padrão de simulação sinusoidal (amplitude=30%) e o descarte do LA com tempo de bombeamento variável. Os parâmetros cinéticos e estequiométricos do ASM1 foram avaliados e otimizados com análise de sensibilidade e Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR), visando erro mínimo de previsão para as variáveis alvo da modelagem: SST, DQO e NH3 efluentes. Na simulação inicial foram obtidos altos erros de previsão (SST: -57,47%; DQO: -45,52%; e NH3: -88,61%), que justificaram a calibração e validação do ASM1. Foram identificados seis parâmetros sensíveis para o ASM1: YH, YA, μA, KNH, bA e kOA. YH afetou principalmente SST e DQO e os outros parâmetros afetaram NH3. As previsões dos modelos de regressão (MSR) e das simulações apresentaram forte correlação (R²>97%). Os valores ótimos estimados foram: YH: 0,9903; YA: 0,2575; μA: 0,012; KNH: 1,4; bA: 0,0054; e kOA: 0,4536. O ASM1 foi calibrado gerando previsões precisas de SST, DQO e NH3 efluentes em condições específicas de modelagem. Na validação foram obtidos altos erros de previsão para SST e DQO, que estão relacionados com o aumento de YH pela otimização. Os parâmetros ótimos, principalmente os que afetaram as previsões de NH3, são base para explorar aplicações do ASM1 na modelagem utilizando dados de monitoramento padrão de ETE de grande porte situada no Brasil em região de clima subtropical. Recomenda-se avaliar o valor ótimo determinado para YH, a simulação dinâmica e diferentes amplitudes, métodos de descarte de LA e períodos de simulação.The universalization of wastewater treatment in Brazil is still a big challenge. Mathematical modeling may contribute to the scientific and technical advancement of wastewater treatment with activated sludge (AS), a process widely used in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) in the country. This study provided a set of optimal kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of ASM1 model for modelling using standard monitoring data of large-scale WWTP located in Brazil in subtropical climate region. WWTP-SJNV's AS process was modeled with ASM1, Version 3 and the STOAT© simulator. Average monitoring data (2018 and 2019) were used after treating missing and censored records and evaluating outliers. The study adopted theoretical ratios for the influent composition fractionation, sinusoidal simulation pattern (amplitude=30%) and variable pumping time for the Waste AS (WAS) wastage. The kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of the ASM1 were evaluated and optimized through sensitivity analysis and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), aiming at minimum prediction errors for the modeling target variables: effluent TSS, COD and NH3. The initial simulation resulted in high prediction errors (TSS: -57.47%; COD: -45.52%; and NH3: -88.61%), which justified ASM1 calibration and validation. Six sensitive parameters were identified for ASM1: YH, YA, μA, KNH, bA and kOA. YH mainly affected TSS and COD and the other parameters affected NH3. Predictions of the regression models (RSM) and the simulations presented strong correlation (R²>97%). The estimated optimal values were: YH: 0.9903; YA: 0.2575; μA: 0.012; KNH: 1.4; bA: 0.0054; and kOA: 0.4536. ASM1 was calibrated to provide accurate predictions of effluent TSS, COD and NH3 regarding specific modeling conditions. Validation resulted in high predictions errors for TSS and COD, which are related to YH increase due to the optimization. The optimal parameters, mainly the ones which affected NH3 predictions, are base for studies on ASM1 modelling using standard monitoring data of large-scale WWTP located in Brazil in subtropical climate region. It is recommended to evaluate the optimal value determined for YH, the dynamic simulation and different amplitudes, WAS wastage methods and simulation periods

Evaluation and optimization of ASM1 parameters using large-scale WWTP monitoring data from a subtropical climate region in Brazil

This study aimed at providing a set of optimal kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of ASM1 representative of wastewater from a subtropical climate region in Brazil. ASM1 was applied on the STOAT program, and the model parameters were evaluated and optimized with sensitivity analysis and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to reach minimum prediction errors of effluent TSS, COD, and NH3. Six sensitive parameters were identified: YH, YA, μA, KNH, bA, and kOA. Predictions of RSM regression models were strongly correlated to the STOAT predictions. YH mainly affected TSS and COD, and the other parameters affected NH3. ASM1 calibration with estimated optimal values of sensitive parameters resulted in approximately null prediction errors for modeling state variables. NH3 presented similar results in the ASM1 validation; meanwhile, TSS and COD presented high errors related to the increase in YH due to the RSM optimization. The optimal parameters, mainly YA, μA, KNH, bA, and kOA, constitute references for other studies on ASM1 modeling using wastewater data from a subtropical climate region. YH optimal value should be evaluated as well as the effect of sludge wastage methods and the simulation periods

The production of territory

En el presente artículo los autores realizan novedosos aportes a uno de los conceptos más importantes de la disciplina geográfica, el territorio. En este sentido, a través del abordaje transdisciplinar, se muestra cómo la producción de territorio se encuentra estrechamente relacionada con la intervención de los seres humanos sobre el medio. Así, la constante transformación de la naturaleza por parte del hombre adquiere vital importancia en el proceso de producción del territorio. Por último, se analiza cómo –en la producción capitalista del espacio- la apropiación y transformación de la naturaleza se basan en la obtención de ganancias, determinando de esta manera que las formas de territorio emergentes se desarrollen de acuerdo a los parámetros de la valorización capitalista.Tendo como ponto de partida a premissa de que a diferenciação do homem em relação aos outros animais se dá pela capacidade que ele tem de produzir a sua própria sobrevivência, este texto faz uma discussão conceitual sobre a produção do território. Ao longo da história, para satisfazer as sua necessidades, o homem estabeleceu uma relação dialética com a natureza, incluindo ai, uma relação com um determinado território que, no seu uso permanente, transforma-o no quadro de vida. Entende-se assim que o território constitui-se na primeira noção espacial da relação que o homem manteve e ainda mantém com a natureza. Mas, no modo de produção capitalista, o primeiro território, é o território da produção. No capitalismo, a relação que as classes mantêm com a natureza, não tem qualquer fundamento natural já que a natureza não produz proprietários de dinheiro e tampouco homens que não possuem mais nada além da sua força de trabalho.In this paper the authors realize new contributions to one of the most important concepts of the geographical discipline, the territory. This way, across the transdisciplinary treatment, they show how the territory production is connected with the human intervention on the environment. Therefore, the constant transformation of nature has vital importance in the process of territory´s production. Finally, they analyze –in the capitalist production of space- how the appropriation and transformation of nature are based on obtaining profit, determining the emergent forms of territory in concordance with parameters of capitalist valorization.Fil: Neto, Antônio Firmino de Oliveira. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; BrasilFil: Braticevic, Sergio Iván. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martins, Carlos Júnior. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; Brasi

Technological Forecasting of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Babassu

Babassu is a native palm tree from Brazil traditionally used by Indigenous Peoples (IP) and Traditional Communities (TC), in order to produce medicines applied in different treatments. Some of these medicinal applications have been scientifically analyzed in order to prove their pharmacological potentialities and have also been an object of interest for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights. The objective of this work was to carry out the technological forecasting of traditional knowledge associated with babassu related to the treatments applied by traditional medicine and to analyze the indicators connected with to the protection of Intellectual Property Rights. Initially, we conducted a survey of ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies, presenting applications of babassu performed by traditional medicine. Subsequently, we presented a literature review, focused on analyzing the effects of babassu according to the practices of traditional medicine. Finally, we analyzed the records of filed patents made in World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (EPO) and Latin American Base of the European Patent Office (LATIPAT) in relation to previously identified Traditional Knowledge Associated (TKA). There were different types of babassu applications used by traditional medicine, according to the results of the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies carried out in Brazil. The applications that stood out were related to anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant treatments. Most of the pharmacological research that focused on proving the medicinal potential associated with the use of babassu, analyzed applications in anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant treatments, which mostly demonstrated these potentialities. It was verified that the interests for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights of the TKA with babassu, and the anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant treatments, presented a growth. This study contributes with positive evidence for the medicinal and cosmetic potentialities of babassu presented by traditional medicine. However, it also shows that holders of TKA have not been involved in the processes of protection of Intellectual Property Rights of inventions that apply TKA with babassu. In view of the related conflicts, it is suggested that TKA be valued in management and conservation practices