Genetic variability evaluation and selection in ancient grapevine varieties

Contrary to what usually occurs with other crops, grapevine varieties are mostly landraces that were domesticated by humans centuries or millennia ago from populations of wild grapevines (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris). It is logical to assume that domestication was not been a single, instantaneous act by any of the first farmers but was rather a long succession of negative mass selections of wild plants, followed by more stringent positive selections and a final selection of a single initial plant that was destined to become the source of a new variet

Efficient Assessment and Large-Scale Conservation of Intra-Varietal Diversity of Ancient Grapevine Varieties: Case Study Portugal

There are thousands of ancient grapevine varieties in Europe, each one having a high level of intra-varietal diversity with regard to important economic traits (yield, soluble solids content, acidity, anthocyanins, and others). However, this potential has become exposed to a process of genetic erosion since the middle of the last century. The main objective of this work is to present experimental strategies for conservation and utilization of intra-varietal diversity. A concrete example is given about the actions performed in Portugal since 1978. Two main approaches for the conservation of intra-varietal diversity were performed: (1) strict conservation (in pots and in the field without experimental design) for future generations; and (2) conservation and, simultaneously, evaluation of the intra-varietal variability for selection to fulfil the immediate needs of the grape and wine sector (in the field with experimental design). More than 30,000 accessions of Portuguese autochthonous varieties are conserved. Using the theory of mixed models, intra-varietal diversity of the yield was found for the 59 varieties studied. The conservation and the evaluation of the intra-varietal diversity for quantitative traits will allow to extract high economic value, as well as to ensure its utilization to meet the objectives of the vine and wine sectorinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ensino de inglês e as Redes Sociais

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma ligação entre as redes sociais e o processo de aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira, neste caso o Inglês. Levando em conta que a maioria dos alunos possui acesso diário às redes sociais, buscaremos inicialmente entender porque os alunos possuem grande facilidade com o uso da língua inglesa nas redes sociais, mas apresentam tanta dificuldade para com a mesma quando trabalhada em sala de aul

Conservação e utilização da diversidade intravarietal da videira: situação atual e perspetivas futuras

A conservação e utilização da variabilidade intravarietal tem sido conduzida por parte dos intervenientes atrás referidos de acordo com uma estratégia metodológica coerente e inovadora de modo a fazer face aos objetivos atuais e futuros da vitivinicultura, respondendo desde logo a três questões fundamentais: saber o que conservar, como conservar e como utilizar a diversidade e de empresas vitivinícolas, dando origem a uma rede de colaborações informal, a Rede Nacional de Seleção da Videira. Para garantir maior eficácia e perenidade aos trabalhos, foi criada em 2009 a Associação Portuguesa para a Diversidade da Videira – PORVID (Quadro 1), que veio a ser complementada em 2010, com o Pólo de Conservação da Diversidade da Videira (Pegões), concessionado pelo Estadoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

As castas de videira autóctones, raízes do vinho e da cultura mediterrânica: como estão a ser valorizadas, adaptadas à mudança e conservadas

Portugal herdou do passado um parque de castas autóctones invulgarmente elevado, quando comparado com os de outros grandes países vitivinícolas da orla mediterrânica, centro de origem e de diversidade da videira: cerca de 250 castas, isto é, um número da mesma ordem de grandeza dos de Espanha, França e Itália, mas mais significativo quando confrontado com a menor superfície do paísinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Novas metodologias para a utilização e conservação da diversidade intravarietal

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Uma nova abordagem na avaliacao da interacao genotipo×ambiente em especies lenhosas de propagacao vegetativa: o caso de clones de videira

Neste trabalho estuda-se a interacao genotipo×ambiente (G×E) numa especie perene. Neste contexto, fazem-se avaliacoes num dado local na mesma unidade experimental ao longo de anos consecutivos. Ou seja, os erros aleatorios associados a duas quaisquer observacoes na mesma unidade experimental nao sao independentes. Ajustam-se, aos dados de rendimento, modelos mistos com matrizes de covariancias do vector dos erros aleatorios distintas, como a matriz de simetria composta (CS) e autorregressiva de primeira ordem (AR1), de modo a caracterizar esse fenomeno. Verifica-se que os modelos com matrizes CS e AR1 revelam um melhor ajustamento face ao modelo que admite erros aleatorios independentes, garantindo assim o estudo mais preciso da interacao G×E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO CIRÚRGICO É CRUCIAL PARA MITIGAR AS COMPLICAÇÕES PÓS-OPERATÓRIAS

Postoperative complications often determine the failure of a meticulous and adequate surgical intervention. The surgical risk assessment allows the identification of patients who can benefit from a program to optimize their general condition, reducing the risk of postoperative complications. The purpose of this article is to address the main factors associated with increased perioperative risk as well as the most appropriate tools for an objective assessment of surgical risk and to use this information to mitigate postoperative complications.As complicações pós-operatórias determinam, muitas vezes, o insucesso de uma meticulosa e adequada intervenção cirúrgica. A avaliação do risco cirúrgico permite identificar os doentes que podem beneficiar de um programa de otimização do seu estado geral, reduzindo o risco de complicações pós-operatórias. O propósito deste artigo é abordar os principais fatores associados ao aumento do risco perioperatório assim como as ferramentas mais adequadas para uma avaliação objetiva do risco cirúrgico e usar essa informação na mitigação das complicações pós-operatórias

Automation of sub-aortic velocity time integral measurements by transthoracic echocardiography: clinical evaluation of an artificial intelligence-enabled tool in critically ill patients

© 2022 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Point-of-care ultrasound techniques are increasingly used for the bedside assessment of cardiac function and haemodynamics in critically ill patients. The sub-aortic or left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (VTI) can be measured using pulsed-Doppler ultrasonography from a transthoracic apical 5-chamber view. Quantifying VTI is useful to discriminate between vasoplegic states (hypotension with normal/high VTI) and low flow states (low VTI). Measuring VTI is also useful to predict fluid responsiveness, either by quantifying the respiratory swings in VTI when patients are mechanically ventilated, or by quantifying VTI changes during a passive leg raising manoeuvre or a fluid challenge.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Machine learning for the real-time assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction in critically ill patients: a bedside evaluation by novices and experts in echocardiography

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Background: Machine learning algorithms have recently been developed to enable the automatic and real-time echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and have not been evaluated in critically ill patients. Methods: Real-time LVEF was prospectively measured in 95 ICU patients with a machine learning algorithm installed on a cart-based ultrasound system. Real-time measurements taken by novices (LVEFNov) and by experts (LVEFExp) were compared with LVEF reference measurements (LVEFRef) taken manually by echo experts. Results: LVEFRef ranged from 26 to 80% (mean 54 ± 12%), and the reproducibility of measurements was 9 ± 6%. Thirty patients (32%) had a LVEFRef < 50% (left ventricular systolic dysfunction). Real-time LVEFExp and LVEFNov measurements ranged from 31 to 68% (mean 54 ± 10%) and from 28 to 70% (mean 54 ± 9%), respectively. The reproducibility of measurements was comparable for LVEFExp (5 ± 4%) and for LVEFNov (6 ± 5%) and significantly better than for reference measurements (p < 0.001). We observed a strong relationship between LVEFRef and both real-time LVEFExp (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) and LVEFNov (r = 0.81, p < 0.001). The average difference (bias) between real time and reference measurements was 0 ± 6% for LVEFExp and 0 ± 7% for LVEFNov. The sensitivity to detect systolic dysfunction was 70% for real-time LVEFExp and 73% for LVEFNov. The specificity to detect systolic dysfunction was 98% both for LVEFExp and LVEFNov. Conclusion: Machine learning-enabled real-time measurements of LVEF were strongly correlated with manual measurements obtained by experts. The accuracy of real-time LVEF measurements was excellent, and the precision was fair. The reproducibility of LVEF measurements was better with the machine learning system. The specificity to detect left ventricular dysfunction was excellent both for experts and for novices, whereas the sensitivity could be improved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio