Prevalência de cistos ovarianos em vacas de alta produção submetidas a sistema de confinamento e dieta total

This study aimed to evaluate the follicular cysts prevalence in high production dairy cows, post-partum, under total diet regime in three different systems: Compost Barn, Free Stall and opened feedlot. There were evaluated 1600 cows, HPB, seven flocks, of which 792 (49.5%) were empty and late in the reproductive protocols. The examination sonographic ovarian score was distributed as: Score 1 (61.4%), Score 2 (18,1) Score 3 (4.0%) and Cystic Ovary (16.5%). As for the production system the cysts prevalence were 16% in Free Stall, 17.2% in Compost Barn and 16.2% in opened feedlot, without significant difference. 84.7% (n = 131) of animals were in anestrus in the presence of diagnosis follicular cyst. 60.7% of animal with follicular cysts were 60 to 180 days postpartum. Divided in 27.5% between 60 and 90 days, 24.5% between 91 and 120 days, 15.5% between 121 and 150 days and 32.5% between 151 and 500 postpartum. The cysts prevalence according to lactation number were: 29.8% in first, 26.7% in second, 24.4% in third, 5.3% in fourth, 4.6% in fifth and 9.2% in sixth, statistically significant results to higher cysts occurrence in the first three lactations. For body condition score 62.6% of animals with ovarian cyst were with scores from 2.0 to 2.5, 25.2% with a score of 2.6 to 3.0 and 12.2% with score of 3.1 to 4.0 also significant results. Where the chance of cows with low body score develop cysts was 5.1 times higher compared to animals with good score. Follicular cysts present high prevalence in high producing dairy cows, impacting sub-fertility and causing important damage in global dairy farming, thus, it is necessary further studies for the development of more effective preventive measures to control this situation.Objetivou-se avaliar prevalência de cistos ovarianos em vacas leiteiras de alta produção, no pós-parto, submetidas ao regime de dieta total em três sistemas diferentes: Compost Barn, Free Stall e confinamento a céu aberto no sudoeste do estado de Goiás. Foram avaliadas 1600 vacas, HPB, de sete rebanhos, das quais 792 (49,5%) estavam vazias e com atraso nos protocolos reprodutivos. Ao exame ultrassonográfico o escore ovariano foi classificado em: Grau 1 (61,4%), Grau 2 (18,1%), Grau 3 (4,0%) e Cistos Ovarianos (16,5%). Quanto ao sistema de produção as prevalências de cistos foram: 16% no Free Stall, 17,2% no Compost Barn e 16,2% no confinamento a céu aberto, diferenças somente numéricas, mas não significativas estatisticamente. 84,7% (n=131) dos animais estavam em anestro, na presença do diagnóstico cisto folicular. 67,7% desses animais, situavam-se entre 60 a 180 dias pós-parto. Divididos em 27,5% entre 60 e 90 dias, 24,5% entre 91 e 120 dias, 15,5% entre 121 e 150 dias e 32,5% entre 151 e 500. A prevalência dos cistos em função do número de lactações foi: 29,8% na primeira, 26,7% na segunda, 24,4% na terceira, 5,3% na quarta, 4,6% na quinta e 9,2% na sexta, resultados estatísticos significativos para maior ocorrência de cistos nas três primeiras lactações. Quanto ao escore de condição corporal 62,6% das vacas com cisto ovariano mostraram-se com escore entre 2,0 a 2,5, 25,2% entre 2,6 a 3,0 e 12,2% entre 3,1 a 4,0, resultados significativos, e a chance de vacas em balanço energético negativo desenvolverem cistos foi 5,1 vezes maior, quando comparadas com animais em escore corporal ideal. Os cistos foliculares apresentam-se com elevada casuística em vacas de alta produção leite, impactando em subfertilidade e prejuízos importantes na pecuária leiteira mundial, assim, faz-se necessário outros estudos visando o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas mais eficazes no controle deste quadro

Atypical Mandibular Osteomyelitis in an Ewe Caused by Coinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactococcus raffinolactis

Background: Osteomyelitis is defined as a bone inflammation involving the cortical and medullary regions, usually caused by the local invasion of opportunistic microorganisms. The inflammatory reaction of bone may extend to the periosteum and soft tissues, compromising adjacent structures far from the initially infected foci. Different classifications of transmission routes, gravity levels, and tissues involved in animal and human osteomyelitis are available. In humans, the infection can reach bone tissue by exogenous or hematogenous pathways. This paper reports an atypical case of mandibular pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis in an ewe caused by concomitant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactococcus raffinolactis infection. Case: The animal presented a 1-month history of progressive mandibular enlargement refractory to conventional therapy. In a physical examination, an increased volume located in the ventrolateral region of the right ramus of the mandible was observed. Fine-needle aspiration of the lesion enabled isolation in bacteriological culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactococcus raffinolactis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Besides support care procedures and antimicrobial treatment approaches for the sheep based on in vitro tests, the animal died due to the severity of the clinical signs and the progressive worsening of the general health status. The radiographic image examination of the mandibular region revealed a severe and infiltrative periodontal reaction, with a predominance of a great number of neutrophils and macrophages, necrotic areas, and bone destruction, characterized histologically as a pyogranulomatous rection. At post mortem examination, a large pyogranuloma was observed in the entire horizontal branch of the mandible as well, showing a dark yellowish content of coarse consistency, caseous appearance, and bone fragmentation. Discussion: Ovine mandibular osteomyelitis is a well-established bone inflammation involving the cortical and medullary regions, characterized clinically by local enlargement, asymmetry, pain sensitivity, edema, hyperthermia, infiltrate caseous or suppurative material, and bone rarefaction. In the current report, 1-month history of progressive enlargement of the mandibular region, prostration, and weight loss in an ewe were referred. Where clinical and epidemiological features, bacteriological, cytological, histological, and mass spectrometry diagnostic approaches were assessed to diagnostic. Most reports involving the etiology of ovine mandibular osteomyelitis have been diagnosed based on classical phenotypic tests. Here, the concomitant identification of P. aeruginosa and L. raffinolactis infection was possible using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), highlighting the importance of molecular methods in the diagnosis of animal diseases. In addition, the differentiation between Lactococcus and Enterococcus species is difficult, which could underestimate the diagnosis of Lactococcus species as a primary pathogen from animal diseases. We report, for the first time, a fatal case of mandibular pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis in a sheep caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactococcus raffinolactis coinfection. Keywords: sheep, ovine osteomyelitis, Lactococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., MALDI-TOF MS

Safety issues of raw milk: evaluation of bacteriological and physicochemical characteristics of human milk from a bank in a teaching hospital, focusing on Staphylococcus species

Many infants are nurtured with milk supplied by human banks, whose bacteriological and physical-chemical profiles are a major issue. We investigated the bacteriological and physical-chemical characteristics, as well as genotypic and phenotypic and profiles of Staphylococcus species isolated from 240 samples of breast milk from a bank in a teaching hospital. Dornic acidity of milk revealed that 95.4% (229/240) had acceptable limits (< 8.0 oD). Caloric intake showed a wide variation in cream content (4%), fat (4%) and energy values (559.81 Kcal/L). Staphylococcus (105/186 or 56.5%) and Enterobacter (25/186 or 13.4%) were the most prevalent genera, although other microorganisms were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (125/157 or 79.6%), vancomycin (115/157 or 73.2%), and cephalexin (112/157 or 71.3%) were the most effective antimicrobials. High resistance rates of isolates were found to penicillin G (141/157 or 89.8%), ampicillin (135/157 or 86%), and oxacillin (118/157 or 75.2%). Multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobials occurred in 66.2% (123/186) of the isolates. Residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances were found in 85% (204/240) of samples. Among the coagulase-positive-CPS and negative-CoNS staphylococci, the mecA gene was detected in 53.3% (8/15) and 75% (30/40), respectively. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 20% (3/15) of CPS, while tsst-1 was detected in 13.34% (2/15). In addition, 13.3% (2/15) of S. aureus were toxin-producers. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 90% (36/40), 5% (2/40) and 15% (6/40) CoNS, respectively. Enterotoxin production was identified in 5% (2/40) of CoNS. The identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria, staphylococci species toxin-producers harboring methicillin-resistance genes, and residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances reinforce the need for a continuous vigilance of milk quality offered to infant consumption by human banks

Atypical Mandibular Osteomyelitis in an Ewe Caused by Coinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactococcus raffinolactis

Background: Osteomyelitis is defined as a bone inflammation involving the cortical and medullary regions, usually caused by the local invasion of opportunistic microorganisms. The inflammatory reaction of bone may extend to the periosteum and soft tissues, compromising adjacent structures far from the initially infected foci. Different classifications of transmission routes, gravity levels, and tissues involved in animal and human osteomyelitis are available. In humans, the infection can reach bone tissue by exogenous or hematogenous pathways. This paper reports an atypical case of mandibular pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis in an ewe caused by concomitant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactococcus raffinolactis infection. Case: The animal presented a 1-month history of progressive mandibular enlargement refractory to conventional therapy. In a physical examination, an increased volume located in the ventrolateral region of the right ramus of the mandible was observed. Fine-needle aspiration of the lesion enabled isolation in bacteriological culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactococcus raffinolactis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Besides support care procedures and antimicrobial treatment approaches for the sheep based on in vitro tests, the animal died due to the severity of the clinical signs and the progressive worsening of the general health status. The radiographic image examination of the mandibular region revealed a severe and infiltrative periodontal reaction, with a predominance of a great number of neutrophils and macrophages, necrotic areas, and bone destruction, characterized histologically as a pyogranulomatous rection. At post mortem examination, a large pyogranuloma was observed in the entire horizontal branch of the mandible as well, showing a dark yellowish content of coarse consistency, caseous appearance, and bone fragmentation. Discussion: Ovine mandibular osteomyelitis is a well-established bone inflammation involving the cortical and medullary regions, characterized clinically by local enlargement, asymmetry, pain sensitivity, edema, hyperthermia, infiltrate caseous or suppurative material, and bone rarefaction. In the current report, 1-month history of progressive enlargement of the mandibular region, prostration, and weight loss in an ewe were referred. Where clinical and epidemiological features, bacteriological, cytological, histological, and mass spectrometry diagnostic approaches were assessed to diagnostic. Most reports involving the etiology of ovine mandibular osteomyelitis have been diagnosed based on classical phenotypic tests. Here, the concomitant identification of P. aeruginosa and L. raffinolactis infection was possible using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), highlighting the importance of molecular methods in the diagnosis of animal diseases. In addition, the differentiation between Lactococcus and Enterococcus species is difficult, which could underestimate the diagnosis of Lactococcus species as a primary pathogen from animal diseases. We report, for the first time, a fatal case of mandibular pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis in a sheep caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactococcus raffinolactis coinfection. Keywords: sheep, ovine osteomyelitis, Lactococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., MALDI-TOF MS