Implantação de quintais agroflorestais em comunidades rurais do baixo Sul da Bahia / Implantation of agroforestry yards in rural communities in the Southern Bahia lowlands

Os Quintais Agroflorestais são sistemas diversificados de usos múltiplos que abrangem a segurança alimentar, fonte ou auxílio a renda, medicina tradicional a base de fitoterápicos, sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais, diversidade biológica e o manejo agroecológico da área, a partir da integração familiar para a realização do manejo das espécies de plantas e animais. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve por objetivo implantar Quintais Agroflorestais nas unidades famílias de jovens agricultores em comunidades rurais da região Baixo Sul da Bahia, a fim de incentivar o modelo para replicação, produzir alimentos, aumentar a renda e promover a preservação dos recursos naturais. A tecnologia para a instalação dos quintais agroflorestais implantados nas unidades familiares dos municípios Taperoá, Nilo Peçanha, Ituberá e Piraí do Norte, Bahia é simples e dinâmica, o que possibilita a médio e longo prazo melhorias quanto a renda familiar, segurança alimentar e medicinal. As unidades familiares que tiveram o benefício para a instalação dos quintais agroflorestais passaram a depender de menores quantidades de insumos externos na propriedade, em decorrência do reuso e adequação de tecnologias voltadas ao manejo e produção vegetal e animal (destinação dos resíduos, integração animal e planta no agroecossistema e bosques energéticos)

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data