Efeitos do treinamento de curta duração com resistência elástica sobre a força e massa muscular de idosos destreinados

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2013.Introdução: A diminuição da força e massa muscular associadas ao envelhecimento são considerados fatores preditores para o desenvolvimento de incapacidades físicas e funcionais. Dentre as estratégias consideradas positivas para o incremento da força e massa muscular em idosos encontra-se o treinamento resistido. Uma forma simples, prática e de baixo custo para praticar o treinamento resistido ocorre com o uso de materiais elásticos. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de oito semanas de treinamento com resistência elástica na força e massa muscular dos membros superiores e inferiores de idosos destreinados. Método: Quarenta idosos de ambos os sexos (26 mulheres e 14 homens), recrutados por conveniência, foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos com 20 indivíduos: controle (66,2 ± 6,6 anos) e experimental (69,1 ± 6,3 anos). O grupo experimental participou de um programa de treinamento de força utilizando a resistência oferecida por tubos elásticos, duas vezes por semana, durante oito semanas consecutivas. O pico de torque isocinético de extensão do joelho (60º/s e 120º/s), a força de preensão manual e a massa muscular dos membros superiores e inferiores foram as variáveis dependentes medidas nos momentos pré e pós intervenção. O grupo controle não recebeu nenhuma intervenção específica. Resultado: A força muscular no grupo experimental exibiu aumento em todas as variáveis de força investigadas em relação ao controle, porém sem significância estatística (p ≥ 0,05). Em relação a massa muscular, o grupo experimental não exibiu qualquer tendência de aumento nos membros inferiores e superiores em relação ao controle. Conclusão: Na presente investigação não foram observadas diferenças no ganho de força e massa muscular entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle após oito semanas de treinamento com resistência elástica em idosos destreinados. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIntroduction: The decreasing of strength and muscular mass due to ageing is considered a predictor to the development of physical and functional incapability. It is believed that the resistance training is one of the strategies able to help the increasing of strength and muscular mass in elderly. Hence, the elastic resistance is considered a simple, practical and not expensive way to practice the resistance training. Objective: To analyze the effect of an eight-week elastic resistance strength training in the upper and lower limbs strength and muscular mass of untrained elderly. Method: Forty elderly from both genders (26 females and 14 males) were randomly recruited and divided into two groups with twenty individuals each: control (66,2 ± 6,6 years) and experimental (69,1 ± 6,3 years). The experimental group attended a strength training program using elastic tube resistance, twice a week during eight consecutive weeks. The knee extension isokinetic peak torque (60º/sand 120º/s), the hand grip strength and the upper and lower limb muscular mass were measured before and after the interventions. The control group did not receive any specific intervention. Results: Despite the fact that the experimental group muscular strength increased in all analyzed variables, there was no statistics significance if compared to the control group. In relation to the muscular mass, the experimental group did not show any upper or lower limb increasing tendency compared to the control one. Conclusion: The present investigation did not show any difference in the strength gaining or muscular mass between experimental and control group after eight weeks of elastic resistance training in untrained elderly

Effects of the crochetage in the late postoperative on the reconstruction of the extensor tendons : a case study

A flexibilidade é algo tão inerente ao ser humano quanto o próprio movimento, sendo essencial nos desempenhos pessoais. Entre os métodos indicados para tratamento de flexibilidade em tecidos moles com perda de mobilidade, encontra-se a Crochetagem (CRO). O objetivo foi avaliar, por meio de um estudo de caso, os efeitos da CRO no pós-operatório tardio de um indivíduo do sexo feminino, que sofreu ruptura dos tendões extensores: ulnar do carpo, comum e próprio do quinto dedo no membro superior esquerdo após lesão com objeto cortante. Foram realizadas 12 sessões, sendo realizada a goniometria do punho pré e pós-intervenção (PRÉ e PÓS). Os valores médios após as sessões de CRO em punho esquerdo foram de 2,3° nas medidas (PRÉ) e 10,3° nas medidas (PÓS), ganho absoluto de (6°), (7%). Nos parâmetros de estado clínico, os resultados obtidos foram benéficos na amplitude de movimento (ADM) em flexão de punho.Flexibility is something so inherent to human beings as the movement itself being essential not only in personal behavior. Among the indicated treatment methods for flexibility, in the soft tissues with loss of mobility, there is Crochetage (CRO). The objective was to evaluate through a case study, the effects of CRO in the late postoperative period of an individual, a female person, who suffered rupture of the extensor tendons: carpi ulnaris, common and characteristic of the fifth finger the left upper limb after injury with sharp object. Were done 12 sessions, being held goniometry handle pre-and post-intervention (PRE and POS). The mean values after sessions of CRO in the left wrist were 2.3° in the measurements (PRE) and 10.3° on the measures (POS), absolute gain of (6), (7%). In the clinical parameters of the results obtained proved beneficial in range of motion (ADM) in flexion of the wrist

Avaliação do equilíbrio e do medo de quedas em homens e mulheres idosos antes e após a cirurgia de catarata senil

Introdução: Com o envelhecimento, existe uma relação estreita entre deficit visuais, desequilíbrios e quedas, sendo a cirurgia ocular uma alternativa eficiente para idosos. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência das condições visuais em pacientes com catarata senil em relação aos desequilíbrios corporais. Método: Estudo descritivo e analítico realizado por meio de pesquisa quantitativa de coorte longitudinal. Participaram do estudo 30 idosos, 15 homens e 15 mulheres, os quais foram avaliados antes da cirurgia de catarata, 30 e 60 dias após a intervenção. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados, o Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM), a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB), o Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), a Escala Internacional de Eficácia de Quedas adaptada ao Brasil (FES-I-Brasil) e questionário de anamnese. A análise estatística empregou o teste Qui-quadrado, teste t Student e teste Mann-Whitney. Foram considerados significantes valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Das 15 idosas, pelo SPPB, em 60 dias de pós-operatório, 13 (87%) conseguiram desempenho moderado e duas (13%) mantiveram baixo desempenho de membros inferiores (MMII). Pelo teste FES-I-Brasil, em 60 dias pós-cirúrgico, três (20%) idosas mantiveram leve preocupação com as quedas. Dos 15 idosos avaliados pela EEB, antes e após 30 e 60 dias de cirurgia, um (7%) conseguiu manter algum equilíbrio, mas necessitando assistência; e 14 (93%) idosos mantiveram bom equilíbrio. Pelo teste SPPB, após 60 dias de cirurgia, cinco idosos (33%) tiveram desempenho moderado e nove (67%) obtiveram bom resultado. Conclusão: A cirurgia de catarata senil possibilitou melhora no desempenho funcional de MMII, no equilíbrio e medo de quedas nos idosos investigados prevenindo caimentos e fraturas, comuns no envelhecimento.Introduction: During aging there is a close relationship between visual deficits, imbalance and falls, and eye surgery can be an efficient treatment option for elderly persons. Objective: Evaluate the influence of visual conditions on patients suffering from senile cataract with increasing imbalance. Method: A descriptive and analytical study using a quantitative longitudinal cohort technique was conducted. The study included 30 individuals who were evaluated before and 30 and 60 days after surgery. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), International Falls Efficacy Scale adapted for Brazil (FES-I) and a medical history questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analysis involved the Chi-squared, Student’s t and Mann-Whitney tests. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The SPPB found that of 15 elderly women, 13 (87%) achieved moderate performance of the lower limbs while the performance of two (13%) remained poor, after 60 postoperative days. The FES-I revealed that three (20%) elderly persons were mildly worried about falls 60 days post-surgery. Of the 15 elderly male subjects evaluated by BBS, before and at 30 and 60 days after surgery, one (7%), managed to maintain some balance but needed assistance; while 14 (93%) maintained good balance. The SPPB found that the performance of five elderly persons (33%) was moderate and that of nine (67%) was good. Conclusion: Senile cataract surgery had positive preventative effects on lower limb performance, balance and fear of falling among the elderly studied, preventing the falls and fractures that are common during aging

Caracterização das quedas em idosos e a relação mobilidade da coluna lombar e membros inferiores

O envelhecimento envolve uma série de alterações em todo o organismo, levando à alta incidência de quedas na população idosa, fazendo-se necessário encontrar meios eficazes a fim de preveni-las. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se existe relação entre a mobilidade da coluna lombar e dos membros inferiores com as quedas. Para isso, foram utilizados os testes de Schober e Time Up and Go, para avaliar a mobilidade, e um questionário para caracterizar as quedas. Fizeram parte da amostra 45 idosos acima de 62 anos, composta por homens (n=11) e mulheres (n=34), apresentando uma média de idade de 73,1 anos (DP±6,80). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do teste Qui- -quadrado com significância de 5% (p<0,05). Porém, nenhum resultado mostrou- -se significativo. Concluiu-se que, entre os idosos do presente estudo, as alterações nas mobilidades da coluna lombar e dos membros inferiores não tiveram associação com as quedas

Immediate changes in electroencephalography activity in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain after cranial osteopathic manipulative treatment : study protocol of a randomized, controlled crossover trial

Background: Osteopathic medicine is based on a diagnostic and therapeutic system to treat tissue mobility/ motility dysfunctions in general, using different approaches (depending on the target tissue) known as osteopathic manipulative treatment. Among the available techniques those ones addressed to the cranial field are the most questioned because of the lack of scientific evidence; but the compression of the 4th ventricle technique has been largely studied in clinical trials. Studies have shown that the technique may affect both central and autonomous nervous system, modulating some reflexes (Traube-Hering baro signal), and modifying brain cortex electrical activity through central sensitization in subjects with chronic low back pain. Thus, investigators hypothesize that the compression of the 4th ventricle may modulate peak alpha frequency (eletroencephalographic assessment) and promote physical relaxation in subjects in vigil. Methods/Design: A randomized, controlled crossover trial with blinded assessor was designed to test the hypothesis. A total of 81 participants will be assigned to three treatment conditions, with seven days of washout: (I) compression of the 4th ventricle; (II) sham compression of the fourth ventricle; (III) control (no intervention). The (I) power amplitude and the (II) frequencies of the dominant peak in the alpha band will be the primary outcome measures of the study. All participants will be recruited at the Outpatient Rehabilitation Service of the University Hospital of Brasília – University of Brasília. All the electroencephalographic exams will be conducted by a blinded assessor. Discussion: The investigators hypothesize that patients with chronic low back pain submitted to the technique would have the peak alpha frequency modulated and, thus, would experience physical relaxation

ANTIDIARRHEAL MECHANISM AND IONIC PROFILE OF CARPOLOBIA LUTEA ETHANOLIC STEM-BARK EXTRACT IN RATS.

Background: The stem-bark extract of Carpolobia lutea (Polygalaceae), used in ethno-medicine as anti-diarrhea was pharmacologically evaluated. This was the first report of assessment of the ethanolic stem extract (ESE), of C. lutea as anti-diarrhoeal agent in rats. The anti-diarrhoeal effects, acute toxicity and ionic profile are investigated and reported. Materials and Methods: The acute toxicity was established using Lock’s method. The anti-diarrhoeal effects were demonstrated using castor oil-induced diarrheal and fluid accumulation and its effect on normal intestinal transit. The mechanism elucidated using yohimbine, isosorbide dinitrate, and diphenoxylate. The elemental and ionic profile of ESE was established using inductively coupled argon-plasma emission spectrometer and potentiometric titration respectively. The finger print of ESE was revealed by Jasco (Tokyo, Japan), HPLC and active compounds by phytochemical screening using standard procedure. Results: The LD50 obtained is 866.025 mg/kg (i.p). The doses of 43.3, 86.6, and 173.2 mg/kg of ESE showed inhibition of castor oil–induced diarrheal (

The crude skin secretion of the pepper frog Leptodactylus labyrinthicus is rich in metallo and serine peptidases

Peptidases are ubiquitous enzymes involved in diverse biological processes. Fragments from bioactive peptides have been found in skin secretions from frogs, and their presence suggests processing by peptidases. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the peptidase activity present in the skin secretion of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus. Zymography revealed the presence of three bands of gelatinase activity of approximately 60 kDa, 66 kDa, and 80 kDa, which the first two were calcium-dependent. These three bands were inhibited either by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenathroline; thus, they were characterized as metallopeptidases. Furthermore, the proteolytic enzymes identified were active only at pH 6.0–10.0, and their activity increased in the presence of CHAPS or NaCl. Experiments with fluorogenic substrates incubated with skin secretions identified aminopeptidase activity, with cleavage after leucine, proline, and alanine residues. This activity was directly proportional to the protein concentration, and it was inhibited in the presence of metallo and serine peptidase inhibitors. Besides, the optimal pH for substrate cleavage was determined to be 7.0–8.0. The results of the in gel activity assay showed that all substrates were hydrolyzed by a 45 kDa peptidase. Gly-Pro-AMC was also cleaved by a peptidase greater than 97 kDa. The data suggest the presence of dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) and metallopeptidases; however, further research is necessary. In conclusion, our work will help to elucidate the implication of these enzymatic activities in the processing of the bioactive peptides present in frog venom, expanding the knowledge of amphibian biology