TCP/IP Communication for a De-Manufacturing Transport Line

Communication among machines in a production system is important as it provides synchronism and fluency in the manufacturing processes. Set out below is the development of the TCP/IP communication for a pallet transport line system intended to improve the working of the plant. This was carried out starting with the comprehension of the line and the machines in interaction, understanding the programs previously developed and setting up the TCP/IP functions in ISaGRAF. A human machine interface in Movicon was employed to supervise and test the line. The communication via TCP/IP was established, the protocol among servers and machines was correctly implemented and it was possible to supervise the whole process and carry out a real test using the human machine interface

Compressive Reflector Antenna Phased Array

Conventional phased array imaging systems seek to reconstruct a target in the imaging domain by employing many transmitting and receiving antenna elements. These systems are suboptimal, due to the often large mutual information existing between two successive measurements. This chapter describes a new phased array system, which is based on the use of a novel compressive reflector antenna (CRA), that is capable of providing high sensing capacity in different imaging applications. The CRA generates spatial codes in the imaging domain, which are dynamically changed through the excitation of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) feeding arrays. In order to increase the sensing capacity of the CRA even further, frequency dispersive metamaterials can be designed to coat the surface of the CRA, which ultimately produces spectral codes in near- and far- fields of the reflector. This chapter describes different concepts of operation, in which a CRA can be used to perform active and passive sensing and imaging

Penalización de actos de marcajepara futuro delito de feminicidio en el ordenamiento penal peruano 2019

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar y explicar los fundamentos jurídicos dogmáticos de la penalización de los actos de marcaje para futuro delito feminicidio en el ordenamiento penal peruano 2019. Desde el punto de vista metodológico responde a una investigación dogmática - jurídico, mediante la utilización especialmente de los métodos hermenéuticos en materia jurídica; bajo dicha perspectiva metodológica se empleará la técnica documental y análisis cualitativo, buscando analizar los supuestos normativos del objeto de estudio. Bajo dicha perspectiva metodológica se empleará la técnica documental y análisis cualitativo para establecer el estudio y el análisis de mencionada investigación. El propósito del proyecto de investigación es establecer las bases normativas doctrinales, jurisprudenciales, para poder determinar los fundamentos jurídicos dogmáticos de la penalización de los actos de marcaje para futuro delito feminicidio, considerando que en nuestra legislación no regula dicha figura más si el marcaje para otros delitosTesi

Essays in Development Economics

Success in the labor market is a key driver of social mobility, and the primary focus of this dissertation is to explore how to ensure young people possess the skills and conditions necessary to achieve such success.In recent years, millions of children have been displaced, emphasizing the importance of evidence-informed public policy for migrants and recipient communities. Chapter 1 examines the sudden influx of Venezuelan migrant children into the Peruvian school system. Analyzing cross-grade within-school variation, I find that as Venezuelan migrants enter Peruvian schools, parents transfer their children to higher-quality schools with fewer migrants. While native flight may mitigate the effects of migrant influx for some students, it generally brings no gains and comes at a high cost.Chapter 2 investigates the impact of a law in Bolivia that temporarily lowered the legal working age from 14 to 10 and introduced benefits and protections for child workers. Using a difference-in-discontinuity approach, I find a decrease in work for children under 14, particularly in areas with a higher threat of inspections. However, there is no evidence of improved work safety, suggesting reductions in visible child labor may be driven by avoiding legal and social sanctions rather than increased safety measures.Chapter 3 analyzes young people's constraints as they transition into adulthood by studying programs to improve the employment prospects of underemployed Rwandan youth. I find that while cash transfers affect marriage and fertility differently for men and women, they do not significantly impact labor market outcomes differently. There are also no changes in the perception of gender roles. While financial constraints are a significant barrier for young people in Rwanda, addressing these alone does not alter deeply entrenched gender roles and cultural norms

An NMRA-like protein regulates gene expression in Phytophthora capsici to drive the infection cycle on tomato

Phytophthora spp. cause devastating disease epidemics on important crop plants and pose a grave threat to global crop production. Critically, Phytophthora pathogens represent a distinct evolutionary lineage in which pathogenicity has been acquired independently. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand and disrupt the processes that drive infection if we aspire to defeat oomycete pathogens in the field. One area that has received little attention thus far in this respect is the regulation of Phytophthora gene expression during infection. Here, we characterize PcNMRAL1 (Phyca11_505845), a homolog of the Aspergillus nidulans nitrogen metabolite repression regulator NMRA and demonstrate a role for this protein in progression of the Phytophthora capsici infection cycle. PcNmrAL1 is coexpressed with the biotrophic marker gene PcHmp1 (haustorial membrane protein 1) and, when overexpressed, extends the biotrophic infection stage. Microarray analyses revealed that PcNmrAL1 overexpression in P. capsici leads to large-scale transcriptional changes during infection and in vitro. Importantly, detailed analysis reveals that PcNmrAL1 overexpression induces biotrophy-associated genes while repressing those associated with necrotrophy. In addition to factors controlling transcription, translation, and nitrogen metabolism, PcNMRAL1 helps regulate the expression of a considerable effector repertoire in P. capsici. Our data suggests that PcNMRAL1 is a transcriptional regulator that mediates the biotrophy to necrotrophy transition. PcNMRAL1 represents a novel factor that may drive the Phytophthora disease cycle on crops. This study provides the first insight into mechanisms that regulate infection-related processes in Phytophthora spp. and provides a platform for further studies aimed at disabling pathogenesis and preventing crop losses. </jats:p

Las plantas medicinales de la organización de parteras y médicos indígenas tradicionales de Ixhuatlancillo, Veracruz, México y su significancia cultural

Se registró la significancia cultural de las especies medicinales utilizadas por la Organización de Parteras y Médicos Indígenas Tradicionales "Nahuatlxihuilt" para la atención primaria de la salud, mediante el enfoque cuantitativo de la etnobotánica. Se utilizaron herramientas participativas, y se determinaron dos índices etnobotánicos: el de fidelidad de Friedman et al. (1986), que incluye el valor de uso, el rango de prioridad (ROP) y el rango de popularidad (RPL) y el índice de valor de uso de Gómez- Beloz (2002) para las partes de las plantas utilizadas. Las familias mejor representadas fueron: Compositae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae y Solanaceae y que los géneros más importantes fueron Amaranthus, Plantago, Piper, Smilax y Urtica con dos especies cada uno. La mayor signifi cancia cultural fue: Cestrum nocturnum L., Chenopodium ambroisoides L., Chenopodium graveolens L., Urtica mexicana Liebm, U. urens Liebm y Lepidium virginicum L. (r = 0.95) (ROP = 100 y 90.9) y el índice de valor de uso para las partes de las plantas fue para las hojas (35.32) siendo las especies: Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Oncimun selloi Benth., Salvia polystachya J.G. Ortega, Psidium guajava L., Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago major L., Plantago australis L., Polygonum acuminatum Kunth, Ruta graveolens L., Sambucus nigra var. canadensis (L.) Bolli, Taraxacum offi cinale G.H. Weber ex Wigg., Tithonia tubiformis (Jacq.) Cass., Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh y los géneros Ageratina y Ageratum, las mejor representadas. De esta forma, se concluye con el análisis de la información sobre las especies propias del grupo participante y su importancia cultural lo cual fortalecen el proceso actual y dinámico de la medicina tradicional en la zona centro del estado de Veracruz

Rethinking the Political Economy of Decentralization: How Elections and Parties Shape the Provision of Local Public Goods

Decentralization is among the most important global trends of the new century, yet there is still no consensus on how to design political institutions to realize its benefits. In this paper, we investigate the political conditions under which decentralization will improve the delivery of public goods. We begin by incorporating insights from political science and economics into a rigorous and formal extension of the “decentralization theorem”. Our extension assumes inter-jurisdictional spillovers and suggests that the interaction of democratic decentralization (popularly elected sub-national governments) and party centralization (the power of national party leaders over subnational office-seekers) will produce the best outcomes for public service delivery. To test this argument empirically, we make use of a new dataset of sub-national political institutions created for this project. Our analyses, which allow us to examine educational outcomes in more than 125 countries across more than 25 years, provide support for our theoretical expectations

The Politics of Fiscal Federalism: Building a Stronger Decentralization Theorem

We explore how party structures can condition the benefits of decentralization in modern democracies. In particular, we study the interaction of two political institutions: democratic (de)centralization (whether a country has fiscally autonomous and elected local governments) and party (non)integration (whether power over local party leaders flows upwards through party institutions, which we model using control over candidate selection). We incorporate these institutions into our strong decentralization theorem, which expands on Oates (1972) to examine when the decentralized provision of public services will dominate centralized provision even in the presence of inter-jurisdictional spillovers. Our findings suggest that, when externalities are present, democratic decentralization will be beneficial only when parties are integrated. In countries with non-integrated parties, we find that the participation rules of primaries have implications for the expected gains from democratic decentralization. Under blanket primaries, Oates’ conventional decentralization theorem holds but our strong decentralization theorem does not. By contrast, when primaries are closed, not even Oates’ conventional decentralization theorem holds