NA ESCOLA, COM A ESCOLA INCORPORADA: PESQUISANDO O PROCESSO DE SOCIALIZAÇÃO PESSOAL SOBRE O CORPO NO RECREIO E EM AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA POR MEIO DE UM EXERCÍCIO DE TRIETNOGRAFIA

Through a “trio-ethnography” exercise, three teachers compared their childhood schools with their ideal schools. Based on two situations from a school day (recess and PE class), they identified distinct bodily presences at school. Such triple contrast among memory, present and ideal allows them to reflect on bodies’ schooling within a changing system that the authors attempt to overcome. Throughout interpretative ethnographic narration, the text presents new personal accounts on issues such as recess as a coercion and compensation system, with codes different from teachers’ and influenced by extracurricular social practices, and opportunities for integrating people globally in PE classes, we all as promoting each student’s motor potential and the acceptance of his or her as well as others’ physical realityMediante una “trio-etnografía” tres docentes comparan la escuela que vivieron en su infancia con la que observan en la actualidad y con su ideal de escuela. En torno a dos situaciones de una jornada escolar (el recreo y la clase de EF), tratan de identificar las diferentes presencias de lo corporal en la escolarización. Este contraste entre recuerdo, presente e ideal les permite reflexionar sobre la escolarización corporal en un sistema que evoluciona y que intentan superar. Mediante una narración etnográfica interpretativa, el objetivo del texto es sugerir nuevos relatos personales que atiendan a temas como el recreo como sistema de coacción y compensación, con códigos ajenos al profesorado e influenciado por prácticas sociales extraescolares; las oportunidades de atender a la globalidad en las clases de educación física, y de que todo el alumnado progrese en el desarrollo de su potencial motriz y la aceptación de su realidad corporal y la de otros.Por meio de uma “trietnografia”, três docentes comparam a escola que frequentaram na infância com uma observada atualmente e com o que entendem como escola ideal. Em torno de duas situações de uma jornada escolar (o recreio e a aula de Educação Física) identificaram as diferentes presenças do corporal na escolarização. Este triplo contraste entre memória, presente e ideal permite refletir sobre a escolarização do corpo em um sistema que evolui e que os autores procuram superar. A partir da narrativa etnográfica interpretativa, o objetivo deste texto é apresentar novos relatos pessoais que tratem de temas como o recreio como sistema de coerção e compensação, com códigos alheios aos professores e influenciado por práticas sociais extraescolares; as oportunidades de atender às pessoas de maneira global nas aulas de Educação Física e de que todos os alunos avancem no desenvolvimento de seu potencial motor e na aceitação da sua realidade física e da dos outros

NA ESCOLA, COM A ESCOLA INCORPORADA: PESQUISANDO O PROCESSO DE SOCIALIZAÇÃO PESSOAL SOB O ACESSO À ESCOLA E O CORPO EM SALA DE AULA POR MEIO DE UM EXERCÍCIO DE TRI-ETNOGRAFIA

By means of a ‘trio-ethnography’ exercise, three teachers use observations from current schools and compare them with the school they experienced in their childhood and their ideal one. They take two situations from a school day (entering the centre, entering the classroom) and they try to identify situations and moments where bodies are present at school. This triple contrast allows them to understand ideas and reflections upon bodies’ schooling within a changing system that, in turn, tries to be overcome by the authors. Throughout a narration, the text suggests new personal stories dealing with issues such as physical marks due to the rupture with the family protection environment, schooled bodies, silenced, targeted and routined bodies, exposed bodies, castigated or harassed bodies, or confident and unconfident bodies. A través de un ejercicio de “trio-etnografía” tres docentes comparan la escuela que vivieron en su infancia, con la escuela que observan en la actualidad y con su ideal de escuela. En torno a dos situaciones de una jornada escolar (acceso al centro, el aula) se tratan de identificar las diferentes presencias de lo corporal en la escolarización. Este triple contraste entre recuerdo, presente e ideal les permite reflexionar sobre la escolarización corporal en un sistema que evoluciona y que, a su vez, intenta ser superado por los autores. Mediante una narración etnográfica interpretativa, el objetivo del texto es sugerir al lector o lectora nuevos relatos personales que atiendan a temas como las huellas corporales de la ruptura con el entorno de protección familiar, los cuerpos escolarizados, los cuerpos silenciados, objetivados y rutinizados, los cuerpos expuestos, castigados o acosados, seguros e inseguros. Por meio de um exercício de “tri-etnografia”, três docentes comparam a escola que frequentaram na infância com uma observada atualmente e com o que entendem como escola ideal. Em torno de duas situações de uma jornada escolar (chegada na escola, em sala de aula) identificaram as diferentes presenças do corporal na escolarização. Este triplo contraste entre memória, presente e ideal permite refletir sobre a escolarização do corpo em um sistema que evolui e que, por sua vez, os autores procurar superar.A partir da narrativa etnográfica interpretativa, o objetivo deste texto é apresentar ao leitor novos relatos pessoais que tratem de temas como as marcas corporais da ruptura com ambiente de proteção familiar, os corpos escolarizados, corpos silenciados, objetivados e rotinizados, corpos expostos, punidos ou assediados, corpos seguros e inseguros.

Rare central nervous system lymphomas

Central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are rare malignancies characterised by lymphoid infiltration into the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, meninges and/or eyes in the presence or absence of previous or concurrent systemic disease. Most CNS lymphomas are of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype for which treatment strategies, particularly the use of high-dose methotrexate-based protocols and consolidation with autologous stem cell transplantation, are well established. Other histopathological subtypes of CNS lymphoma are comparatively less common with published data on these rare lymphomas dominated by smaller case series and retrospective reports. Consequently, there exists little clinical consensus on the optimal methods to diagnose and manage these clinically and biologically heterogeneous CNS lymphomas. In this review article, we focus on rarer CNS lymphomas, summarising the available clinical data on incidence, context, diagnostic features, reported management strategies, and clinical outcomes

Safety of bendamustine for the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a UK real-world experience

Introduction: Bendamustine is among the most effective chemotherapeutics for indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (iNHL), but trial reports of significant toxicity, including opportunistic infections and excess deaths, led to prescriber warnings. We conducted a multicentre observational study evaluating bendamustine toxicity in real-world practice. Methods: Patients receiving at least one dose of bendamustine (B) +/- rituximab (R) for iNHL were included. Demographics, lymphoma and treatment details and grade 3-5 adverse events (AEs) were analysed. Results: 323 patients were enrolled from 9 NHS hospitals. Most patients (96%) received BR and 46% R maintenance. 21.7% experienced serious AEs (SAE) related to treatment, including infections in 12%, with absolute risk highest during induction (63%), maintenance (20%), and follow-up (17%), and the relative risk highest during maintenance (54%), induction (34%) and follow-up (28%). Toxicity led to permanent treatment discontinuation in 13% of patients, and 2.8% died of bendamustine-related infections (n=5), myelodysplastic syndrome (n=3), and cardiac disease (n=1). More SAEs per patient were reported in patients with mantle cell lymphoma, poor pre-induction PS, poor pre-maintenance PS, abnormal pre-induction total globulins and in those receiving growth factors. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis was variable, and 3/10 opportunistic infections occurred despite prophylaxis. Conclusion: In this real-world analysis, bendamustine-related deaths and treatment discontinuation were similar to trial populations of younger, fitter patients. Poor PS, mantle cell histology and maintenance rituximab were potential risk factors. Infections, including late onset events, were the most common treatment-related SAE and cause of death warranting extended antimicrobial prophylaxis and infectious surveillance, especially in maintenance-treated patients

A phase 1/2 study of thiotepa-based immunochemotherapy in relapsed/refractory primary CNS lymphoma: the TIER trial.

Relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (rrPCNSL) confers a poor prognosis with no accepted standard of care. Very few prospective studies have been conducted in this patient group. This study was a multicenter phase 1/2 study that investigated thiotepa in combination with ifosfamide, etoposide, and rituximab (TIER) for the treatment of PCNSL relapsed or refractory to high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy. A 3 + 3 design investigated the recommended phase 2 dose of thiotepa for a single-stage phase 2 cohort by assessing the activity of 2 cycles of TIER against rrPCNSL. The primary outcome was overall response rate. The dose-finding study demonstrated that 50 mg/m2 of thiotepa could be safely delivered within the TIER regimen. No dose-limiting toxicities were encountered in phase 1, and TIER was well-tolerated by the 27 patients treated in phase 2. The most common grade 3 to 4 toxicities were neutropenia (56% of patients) and thrombocytopenia (39%). An overall response was confirmed in 14 patients (52%), which met the prespecified threshold for clinically relevant activity. The median progression-free survival was 3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2 to 6 months) and overall survival 5 months (95% CI, 3 to 9 months). Exploratory analyses suggest a greater benefit for thiotepa-naïve patients. Six patients successfully completed autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) consolidation, with 4 experiencing durable remissions after a median follow-up of 50 months. The TIER regimen can be delivered safely and is active against rrPCNSL. When it is followed by ASCT, it can provide durable remission and long-term survival. However, for the majority of patients, prognosis remains poor, and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. This trial was registered at https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search as EudraCT 2014-000227-24 and ISRCTN 12857473

Timing of high-dose methotrexate CNS prophylaxis in DLBCL: a multicenter international analysis of 1384 patients.

Prophylactic high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is often used for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients at high risk of central nervous system (CNS) relapse, despite limited evidence demonstrating efficacy or the optimal delivery method. We conducted a retrospective, international analysis of 1384 patients receiving HD-MTX CNS prophylaxis either intercalated (i-HD-MTX) (n = 749) or at the end (n = 635) of R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like therapy (EOT). There were 78 CNS relapses (3-year rate 5.7%), with no difference between i-HD-MTX and EOT: 5.7% vs 5.8%, P = .98; 3-year difference: 0.04% (-2.0% to 3.1%). Conclusions were unchanged on adjusting for baseline prognostic factors or on 6-month landmark analysis (n = 1253). In patients with a high CNS international prognostic index (n = 600), the 3-year CNS relapse rate was 9.1%, with no difference between i-HD-MTX and EOT. On multivariable analysis, increasing age and renal/adrenal involvement were the only independent risk factors for CNS relapse. Concurrent intrathecal prophylaxis was not associated with a reduction in CNS relapse. R-CHOP delays of ≥7 days were significantly increased with i-HD-MTX vs EOT, with 308 of 1573 (19.6%) i-HD-MTX treatments resulting in a delay to subsequent R-CHOP (median 8 days). Increased risk of delay occurred in older patients when delivery was later than day 10 in the R-CHOP cycle. In summary, we found no evidence that EOT delivery increases CNS relapse risk vs i-HD-MTX. Findings in high-risk subgroups were unchanged. Rates of CNS relapse in this HD-MTX-treated cohort were similar to comparable cohorts receiving infrequent CNS prophylaxis. If HD-MTX is still considered for certain high-risk patients, delivery could be deferred until R-CHOP completion