Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA

The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-related indices, and antiretroviral therapies (ART). The PWH in this study received medical care at Valley AIDS Council (VAC) clinic sites located in Harlingen and McAllen, Texas. Henceforth, this cohort will be referred to as Valley AIDS Council Cohort (VACC). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using retrospective data obtained from 1,827 registries. It included demographic and anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic traits, and HIV-related virological and immunological indices. For descriptive statistics, we used mean values of the quantitative variables from unbalanced visits across 20 months. Robust regression methods were used to determine the associations. For comparisons, we used cardiometabolic trait data obtained from HIV-uninfected San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies (SAMAFS; N = 2,498), and the Mexican American population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES; N = 5,989). The prevalence of T2D in VACC was 51% compared to 27% in SAMAFS and 19% in HHANES, respectively. The PWH with T2D in VACC were younger (4.7 years) and had lower BMI (BMI 2.43 units less) when compared to SAMAFS individuals. In contrast, VACC individuals had increased blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The increased T2D prevalence in VACC was independent of BMI. Within the VACC, ART was associated with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts but not with metabolic dysfunction. Notably, we found that individuals with any INSTI combination had higher T2D risk: OR 2.08 (95%CI 1.67, 2.6; p \u3c 0.001). In summary, our results suggest that VACC individuals may develop T2D at younger ages independent of obesity. The high burden of T2D in these individuals necessitates rigorously designed longitudinal studies to draw potential causal inferences and develop better treatment regimens

Evaluation of the long-term compressive strength development of the sewage sludge ash/metakaolin-based geopolymer

[EN] This paper aimed to evaluate the long-term compressive strength development of the sewage sludge ash/metakaolin (SSA/MK)¿based geopolymer. SSA/MK¿based geopolymeric mortars and pastes were produced at 25ºC with different SSA contents (0 - 30 wt.%). Compressive strength tests were run within the 3-720 curing days range. A physicochemical characterisation (X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy) was performed in geopolymeric pastes. All the geopolymeric mortars presented a compressive strength gain with curing time. The mortars with all the SSA evaluated contents (10, 20, 30 wt.%) developed a compressive strength over 40 MPa after 720 curing days at 25ºC. The maximum compressive strength of the mortars with SSA was approximately 61 MPa (10 wt.% of SSA), similarly to the reference mortar (100% MK-based geopolymer). The microstructure analyses showed that the SSA/MK¿based geopolymer presented a dense microstructure with N-A-S-H gel formation.This study was financed partly by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Su-perior -Brasil (CAPES) -(Finance Code 001 and CAPES/DGU n. 266/12), and the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development -Bra-sil (CNPq) -(n. 14/2013, process 478057/2013-0 and 309015/2015-4). The authors would like to thank Programa Institucional de Internacionalizacao - CAPES -PrInt. The authors acknowledge the Scanning Electron Microscopy Service of FEIS/UN-ESP, Servico Municipal Autonomo de Agua e Es-goto (SEMAE) from the Sao Jose do Rio Preto city -SP, Brazil and Diatom Mineracao Ltda. The authors would like to thank Programa Institucional de Internacionalizacao CAPES -PrInt.Istuque, D.; Soriano Martinez, L.; Borrachero Rosado, MV.; Paya Bernabeu, JJ.; Akasaki, JL.; Melges, JLP.; Tashima, MM. (2021). Evaluation of the long-term compressive strength development of the sewage sludge ash/metakaolin-based geopolymer. Materiales de Construcción. 71(343):1-10. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2021.13220S1107134

Enhancement of the non-invasive electroenterogram to identify intestinal pacemaker activity

Surface recording of electroenterogram (EEnG) is a non-invasive method for monitoring intestinal myoelectrical activity. However, surface EEnG is seriously affected by a variety of interferences: cardiac activity, respiration, very low frequency components and movement artefacts. The aim of this study is to eliminate respiratory interference and very low frequency components from external EEnG recording by means of empirical mode decomposition (EMD), so as to obtain more robust indicators of intestinal pacemaker activity from external EEnG signal. For this purpose, 11 recording sessions were performed in an animal model under fasting conditions and in each individual session the myoelectrical signal was recorded simultaneously in the intestinal serosa and the external abdominal surface in physiological states. Various parameters have been proposed for evaluating the efficacy of the method in reducing interferences: the signal-to-interference ratio (S/I ratio), attenuation of the target and interference signals, the normal slow wave percentage and the stability of the dominant frequency (DF) of the signal. The results show that the S/I ratio of the processed signals is significantly greater than the original values (9.66±4.44 dB vs. 1.23±5.13 dB), while the target signal was barely attenuated (-0.63±1.02 dB). The application of the EMD method also increased the percentage of the normal slow wave to 100% in each individual session and enabled the stability of the DF of the external signal to be increased considerably. Furthermore, the variation coefficient of the DF derived from the external processed signals is comparable to the coefficient obtained using internal recordings. Therefore the EMD method could be a very useful tool to improve the quality of external EEnG recording in the low frequency range, and therefore to obtain more robust indicators of the intestinal pacemaker activity from non invasive EEnG recordingsThe authors would like to thank D Alvarez-Martinez, Dr C Vila and the Veterinary Unit of the Research Centre of 'La Fe' University Hospital (Valencia, Spain), where the surgical interventions and recording sessions were carried out, and the R+D+I Linguistic Assistance Office at the UPV for their help in revising this paper. This research study was sponsored by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Espana (TEC2007-64278) and by the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, as part of a UPV research and development Grant Programme.Ye Lin, Y.; Garcia Casado, FJ.; Prats Boluda, G.; Ponce, JL.; Martínez De Juan, JL. (2009). Enhancement of the non-invasive electroenterogram to identify intestinal pacemaker activity. PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT. 30(9):885-902. https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/30/9/002S885902309Amaris, M. A., Sanmiguel, C. P., Sadowski, D. C., Bowes, K. L., & Mintchev, M. P. (2002). Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 47(11), 2480-2485. doi:10.1023/a:1020503908304Bass, P., & Wiley, J. N. (1965). Electrical and extraluminal contractile-force activity of the duodenum of the dog. The American Journal of Digestive Diseases, 10(3), 183-200. doi:10.1007/bf02233747Bradshaw, L. A., Allos, S. H., Wikswo, J. P., & Richards, W. O. (1997). Correlation and comparison of magnetic and electric detection of small intestinal electrical activity. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 272(5), G1159-G1167. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.5.g1159Camilleri, M., Hasler, W. L., Parkman, H. P., Quigley, E. M. M., & Soffer, E. (1998). Measurement of gastrointestinal motility in the GI laboratory. Gastroenterology, 115(3), 747-762. doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70155-6Chen, J. D. Z., & Lin, Z. (1993). Adaptive cancellation of the respiratory artifact in surface recording of small intestinal electrical activity. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 23(6), 497-509. doi:10.1016/0010-4825(93)90097-kChen, J., & McCallum, R. W. (1991). Electrogastrography: measuremnt, analysis and prospective applications. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 29(4), 339-350. doi:10.1007/bf02441653Chen, J. D. Z., Schirmer, B. D., & McCallum, R. W. (1993). Measurement of electrical activity of the human small intestine using surface electrodes. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 40(6), 598-602. doi:10.1109/10.237682Garcia-Casado, J., Martinez-de-Juan, J. L., & Ponce, J. L. (2005). Noninvasive Measurement and Analysis of Intestinal Myoelectrical Activity Using Surface Electrodes. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 52(6), 983-991. doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.846730Gordon, A. D. (1987). A Review of Hierarchical Classification. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 150(2), 119. doi:10.2307/2981629Huang, N. E., Shen, Z., Long, S. R., Wu, M. C., Shih, H. H., Zheng, Q., … Liu, H. H. (1998). The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 454(1971), 903-995. doi:10.1098/rspa.1998.0193Irimia, A., & Bradshaw, L. A. (2005). Artifact reduction in magnetogastrography using fast independent component analysis. Physiological Measurement, 26(6), 1059-1073. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/26/6/015Lammers, W. J. E. P., & Stephen, B. (2008). Origin and propagation of individual slow waves along the intact feline small intestine. Experimental Physiology, 93(3), 334-346. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2007.039180Liang, H. (2001). Adaptive independent component analysis of multichannel electrogastrograms. Medical Engineering & Physics, 23(2), 91-97. doi:10.1016/s1350-4533(01)00019-4Liang, J., Cheung, J. Y., & Chen, J. D. Z. (1997). Detection and deletion of motion artifacts in electrogastrogram using feature analysis and neural networks. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 25(5), 850-857. doi:10.1007/bf02684169Liang, H., Lin, Z., & McCallum, R. W. (2000). Artifact reduction in electrogastrogram based on empirical mode decomposition method. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 38(1), 35-41. doi:10.1007/bf02344686Zhi-Yue Lin, Chen, Z., & Jian De. (1994). Time-frequency representation of the electrogastrogram-application of the exponential distribution. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 41(3), 267-275. doi:10.1109/10.284945Lin, Z. Y., & Chen, J. D. Z. (1994). Recursive running DCT algorithm and its application in adaptive filtering of surface electrical recording of small intestine. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 32(3), 317-322. doi:10.1007/bf02512529Lin, Z., & Chen, J. D. Z. (1995). Comparison of three running spectral analysis methods for electrogastrographic signals. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 33(4), 596-604. doi:10.1007/bf02522520Maestri, R., Pinna, G. D., Porta, A., Balocchi, R., Sassi, R., Signorini, M. G., … Raczak, G. (2007). Assessing nonlinear properties of heart rate variability from short-term recordings: are these measurements reliable? Physiological Measurement, 28(9), 1067-1077. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/28/9/008Martinez-de-Juan, J. ., Saiz, J., Meseguer, M., & Ponce, J. . (2000). Small bowel motility: relationship between smooth muscle contraction and electroenterogram signal. Medical Engineering & Physics, 22(3), 189-199. doi:10.1016/s1350-4533(00)00032-1Mintchev, M. P., Kingma, Y. J., & Bowes, K. L. (1993). Accuracy of cutaneous recordings of gastric electrical activity. Gastroenterology, 104(5), 1273-1280. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)90334-9Prats-Boluda, G., Garcia-Casado, J., Martinez-de-Juan, J. L., & Ponce, J. L. (2007). Identification of the slow wave component of the electroenterogram from Laplacian abdominal surface recordings in humans. Physiological Measurement, 28(9), 1115-1133. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/28/9/012Quigley, E. M. M. (1996). GASTRIC AND SMALL INTESTINAL MOTILITY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 25(1), 113-145. doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70368-xSeidel, S. A., Bradshaw, L. A., Ladipo, J. K., Wikswo, J. P., & Richards, W. O. (1999). Noninvasive detection of ischemic bowel. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 30(2), 309-319. doi:10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70142-4Tomomasa, T., Morikawa, A., Sandler, R. H., Mansy, H. A., Koneko, H., Masahiko, T., … Itoh, Z. (1999). Gastrointestinal Sounds and Migrating Motor Complex in Fasted Humans. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 94(2), 374-381. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00862.xWang, Z. S., Cheung, J. Y., & Chen, J. D. Z. (1999). Blind separation of multichannel electrogastrograms using independent component analysis based on a neural network. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 37(1), 80-86. doi:10.1007/bf0251327

Risk factors for mortality caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in hospitalized patients with oncologic diagnosis in three cities of Colombia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa es una bacteria oportunista Gram negativa particularmente eficiente en la adquisición de mecanismos de resistencia y de alta prevalencia en infecciones nosocomiales en pacientes oncológicos. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo para mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos con aislamiento de P. aeruginosa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, la población de estudio fueron los casos reportados con aislamiento de P. aeruginosa en el servicio de hospitalización de Oncólogos de Occidente en Pereira, Armenia y Manizales durante el año 2015. Se realizaron análisis univariados y multivariados; la supervivencia se estableció según el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se estableció un valor de p <0.05. Se usó el software STATA. Se tuvo aval de bioética de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Resultados: se estudió 41 casos confirmados de cultivos positivos de P. aeruginosa. El sexo masculino (46.3%), anemia (46.3%), neutropenia febril (41%), trombocitopenia (29.3%) y haber sido hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (29.3%) fueron asociados estadísticamente con mayor mortalidad (p=0.019); con estos resultados se diseñó una escala de riesgo (alfa de Cronbach =0.72). Los pacientes con cuatro de estas exposiciones mostraron mayor riesgo de mortalidad al egreso hospitalario con una sensibilidad del 68% y especificidad del 90%. La P. aeruginosa presentó resistencia a cefepime (36.6%) y a aztreonam (34.1%), mientras que la letalidad global fue del 26.8%. Conclusión: El sexo masculino, la coexistencia de anemia, trombocitopenia, y neutropenia febril, así como la estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos aumentan la mortalidad en los pacientes oncológicos infectados con P. aeruginosa.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative and rod-shape opportunistic bacterium that is particularly efficient in the acquisition of resistance mechanisms and its high prevalence in nosocomial infections in cancer patients. Objective: To identify risk factors for mortality in cancer patients with P. aeruginosa infection. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in patients with P. aeruginosa infection during the hospitalization service of “Oncólogos de Occidente” in Pereira, Armenia and Manizales during 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed. The survival analysis was established according to the Kaplan-Meier method. A value of p<0.05 was established for it. The analyses were examined with the STATA software. This study was endorsed by the bioethics committee of the “Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira”. Results: Fourty-one patients with positive culture for P. aeruginosa were studied. Males (46.3%), anemia (46.3%), febrile neutropenia (41%), thrombocytopenia (29.3%) and previous hospitalization in an intensive care unit (29.3%) were associated with higher mortality risk (p = 0.019); a risk scale was designed with these factors (Cronbach´s alpha = 0.72). Patients who presented four of these exposures were at higher risk of mortality with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 90% at the moment of discharge. P. aeruginosa showed 36.6% of resistance to cefepime, 34.1% to aztreonam, the mortality rate was 26.8%. Conclusion: Male sex, anemia, thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia and previous hospitalization in an intensive care unit increase the mortality rate in patients with cancer who were infected by P. aeruginosa.

Breakup coupling effects on near-barrier inelastic scattering of the weakly bound 6Li projectile on a 144Sm target

Angular distributions for the inelastic scattering of the weakly bound 6Li nucleus from a 144Sm target (associated with the contributions of both the 2+ and 3- 144Sm excited states together) were measured at bombarding energies close to the Coulomb barrier. The experimental data were compared with expected results based on continuum discretized coupled-channel (CDCC) calculations. The results confirm that it is essential to include continuum?continuum couplings to reproduce the experimental data. The analysis demonstrates that inelastic scattering data can be a critical tool in testing full CDCC calculations involving weakly bound nuclei.Fil: Woodard, A. E.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Figueira, Juan Manuel. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Otomar, D. R.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Fernandez Niello, Jorge Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Lubian, J.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Arazi, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Capurro, O. A.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Carnelli, Patricio Francisco Florencio. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fimiani, L.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Martí, Guillermo Virginio. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Heimann, Diego. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Monteiro, D. S.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Negri, Agustin Eduardo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Pacheco, Alberto Jorge. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gomes, P. R. S.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; Brasi

B cell–adaptive immune profile in emphysema-predominant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cigarette smoke, the major risk factor for COPD in developed countries, causes pulmonary inflammation that persists long after smoking cessation, suggesting self-perpetuating adaptive immune responses similar to those that occur in autoimmune diseases. Increases in the number and size of B cell–rich lymphoid follicles (LFs) have been shown in patients in severe stages of COPD (4), and increased B-cell products (autoantibodies) have been observed in the blood and lungs of patients with COPD (5, 6). Oligoclonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin genes has been observed in B cells isolated from COPD LFs, suggesting that a specific antigenic stimulation drives B-cell proliferation. Consistently, we have shown that in the COPD lung, there is an overexpression of BAFF (B-cell activation factor of the TNF family), which is a key regulator of B-cell homeostasis in several autoimmune diseases (7) and is involved in the growth of LFs in COPD. However, a network analysis of lung transcriptomics showed that a prominent B-cell molecular signature characterized emphysema preferentially but was absent in AD independently of the degree of airflow limitation (8). In the current study, we investigated the correlation between B-cell responses in lung tissue from patients with COPD and healthy smokers, and the extent of emphysema versus airflow limitation

Use of a gas-operated ventilator as a noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in critically Ill COVID-19 patients in a middle-income country

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a notable undersupply of respiratory support devices, especially in low- and middle-income countries. As a result, many hospitals turned to alternative respiratory therapies, including the use of gas-operated ventilators (GOV). The aim of this study was to describe the use of GOV as a noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients and to compare clinical outcomes achieved with this device to conventional respiratory therapies. Retrospective cohort analysis of critically ill COVID-19 patients during the first local wave of the pandemic. The final analysis included 204 patients grouped according to the type of respiratory therapy received in the first 24 h, as follows: conventional oxygen therapy (COT), n = 28 (14%); GOV, n = 72 (35%); noninvasive ventilation (NIV), n = 49 (24%); invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), n = 55 (27%). In 72, GOV served as noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in 42 (58%) of these patients. In the other 30 patients (42%), 20 (28%) presented clinical improvement and were discharged; 10 (14%) died. In the COT and GOV groups, 68% and 39%, respectively, progressed to intubation (P ≤ 0.001). Clinical outcomes in the GOV and NIV groups were similar (no statistically significant differences). GOV was successfully used as a noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in more than half of patients. Clinical outcomes in the GOV group were comparable to those of the NIV group. These findings support the use of GOV as an emergency, noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in medical crises when alternative approaches to the standard of care may be justifiable

Factores de riesgo para mortalidad en la infección por Pseudomonas aeruginosa en pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados en tres ciudades de Colombia

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative and rod-shape opportunistic bacterium that is particularly efficient in the acquisition of resistance mechanisms and its high prevalence in nosocomial infections in cancer patients. Objective: To identify risk factors for mortality in cancer patients with P. aeruginosa infection. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in patients with P. aeruginosa infection during the hospitalization service of “Oncólogos de Occidente” in Pereira, Armenia and Manizales during 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed. The survival analysis was established according to the Kaplan-Meier method. A value of p<0.05 was established for it. The analyses were examined with the STATA software. This study was endorsed by the bioethics committee of the “Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira”. Results: Fourty-one patients with positive culture for P. aeruginosa were studied. Males (46.3%), anemia (46.3%), febrile neutropenia (41%), thrombocytopenia (29.3%) and previous hospitalization in an intensive care unit (29.3%) were associated with higher mortality risk (p = 0.019); a risk scale was designed with these factors (Cronbach´s alpha = 0.72). Patients who presented four of these exposures were at higher risk of mortality with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 90% at the moment of discharge. P. aeruginosa showed 36.6% of resistance to cefepime, 34.1% to aztreonam, the mortality rate was 26.8%. Conclusion: Male sex, anemia, thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia and previous hospitalization in an intensive care unit increase the mortality rate in patients with cancer who were infected by P. aeruginosa. Introducción: Pseudomonas aeruginosa es una bacteria oportunista Gram negativa particularmente eficiente en la adquisición de mecanismos de resistencia y de alta prevalencia en infecciones nosocomiales en pacientes oncológicos. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo para mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos con aislamiento de P. aeruginosa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, la población de estudio fueron los casos reportados con aislamiento de P. aeruginosa en el servicio de hospitalización de Oncólogos de Occidente en Pereira, Armenia y Manizales durante el año 2015. Se realizaron análisis univariados y multivariados; la supervivencia se estableció según el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se estableció un valor de p <0.05. Se usó el software STATA. Se tuvo aval de bioética de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Resultados: se estudió 41 casos confirmados de cultivos positivos de P. aeruginosa. El sexo masculino (46.3%), anemia (46.3%), neutropenia febril (41%), trombocitopenia (29.3%) y haber sido hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (29.3%) fueron asociados estadísticamente con mayor mortalidad (p=0.019); con estos resultados se diseñó una escala de riesgo (alfa de Cronbach =0.72). Los pacientes con cuatro de estas exposiciones mostraron mayor riesgo de mortalidad al egreso hospitalario con una sensibilidad del 68% y especificidad del 90%. La P. aeruginosa presentó resistencia a cefepime (36.6%) y a aztreonam (34.1%), mientras que la letalidad global fue del 26.8%. Conclusión: El sexo masculino, la coexistencia de anemia, trombocitopenia, y neutropenia febril, así como la estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos aumentan la mortalidad en los pacientes oncológicos infectados con P. aeruginosa

Pressure-induced phase transition and band-gap collapse in the wide-band-gap semiconductor InTaO4

A pressure-induced phase transition, associated with an increase of the coordination number of In and Ta, is detected beyond 13 GPa in InTaO4 by combining synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman measurements in a diamond-anvil cell with ab initio calculations. High-pressure optical-absorption measurements were also carried out. The high-pressure phase has a monoclinic structure that shares the same space group with the low-pressure phase (P2/c). The structure of the high-pressure phase can be considered as a slight distortion of an orthorhombic structure described by space group Pcna. The phase transition occurs together with a unit-cell volume collapse and an electronic band-gap collapse observed by experiments and calculations. Additionally, a band crossing is found to occur in the low-pressure phase near 7 GPa. The pressure dependence of all the Raman-active modes is reported for both phases as well as the pressure dependence of unit-cell parameters and the equations of state. Calculations also provide information on infrared-active phonons and bond distances. These findings provide insights into the effects of pressure on the physical properties of InTaO4.This paper was partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) under Grants No. MAT2013-46649-C04-01/02/03 and No. MAT2015-71070-REDC (MALTA Consolider). The XRD experiments were performed at the MSPD-BL04 beamline at ALBA Synchrotron with the collaboration of ALBA staff. We thank S. Agouram from SC-SIE at Universitat de Valencia for technical support with the transmission electron microscope measurements.Errandonea, D.; Popescu, C.; Garg, A.; Botella, P.; Martinez García, D.; Pellicer Porres, J.; Rodríguez Hernández, P.... (2016). Pressure-induced phase transition and band-gap collapse in the wide-band-gap semiconductor InTaO4. 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