Produção e caracterização de uma amilase para formulação de detergentes biodegradáveis

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Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Jaburetox, peptídeo tóxico derivado da urease : estudos de estrutura e função

Ureases (E.C. 3.5.1.5) são metaloenzimas dependentes de níquel, que estão envolvidas na biodisponibilidade de nitrogênio e em mecanismos de defesa em plantas. Nosso grupo descreveu a atividade inseticida da Canatoxina, uma isoforma da urease. Esta toxicidade envolve a liberação de um peptídeo interno de 10 kDa (pepcanatox) da proteína, por ação hidrólitica de catepsinas encontradas no sistema digestivo de insetos suscetíveis. Baseado na sequência N-terminal do pepcanatox, um fragmento de 270 pb correspondente (jaburetox-2Ec) foi clonado, a partir da sequência da JBURE-II, e expresso em Escherichia coli. Este peptídeo recombinante Jaburetox-2Ec (carregando epítopo V5 e cauda His) foi testado contra os insetos Dysdercus peruvianus, Rhodnius prolixus e Spodoptera frugiperda e 100% de mortalidade foi observado em todos os modelos após a ingestão de microgramas do peptídeo. Outros dados mostram que jaburetox-2Ec tem capacidade de interagir com bicamadas lipídicas acídicas, permeabilizando lipossomas, além de atividade antifúngica. Estudos de modelagem do peptídeo revelaram a presença de um grampo beta, que poderia estar envolvido nesta toxicidade. A fim de estudar os motivos envolvidos nestas atividades biológicas, escolhemos uma abordagem de mutagênese dirigida. Para isto, a sequência de DNA do jaburetox foi clonado em plasmídeo pET-23a, obtendo-se a expressão do jaburetox, contendo apenas cauda de histidina, e a partir deste, obtivemos diferentes mutantes: 1) deleção de todo o grampo beta (aminoácidos 61-75); 2) deleção da metade N-terminal do peptídeo, que corresponde a uma região ausente nas ureases bacterianas; 3) deleção da metade C-terminal do peptídeo. Ensaios de formação de canais iônicos em bicamadas lipídicas artificiais com o jaburetox e mutantes mostraram que todos formam canais iônicos, ainda que com diferentes características. Bioensaios com o percevejo Oncopeltus fasciatus (injeção na hemocele) e leveduras mostraram que a região do grampo-beta não está envolvida nos efeitos do peptídeo nesses organismos, sendo que é a região Nterminal responsável pelas atividades inseticida e antifúngica do Jaburetox.Urease (EC 3.5.1.5) are nickel dependent metalloenzymes, that are involved in nitrogen bioavailability and defense mechanisms in plants. Our group described the insecticidal activity of canatoxin, an isoform of urease. This toxicity involves the release of an internal peptide of 10 kDa (pepcanatox), released by the hydrolytic action of cathepsins found in the susceptible insects gut. Based on the N-terminal sequence of pepcanatox, a corresponding fragment of 270 bp (jaburetox-2Ec) was cloned from the JBURE-II and expressed in Escherichia coli. This recombinant peptide Jaburetox-2Ec (carrying the V5 epitope and His tag) was tested against the insect Dysdercus peruvianus, Rhodnius prolixus and Spodoptera frugiperda, and 100% mortality was observed in all the models after ingestion of micrograms of the peptide. Other data showed that Jaburetox-2Ec has the ability to interact with acidic lipid bilayers, liposomes leakage and also antifungal activity. Molecular modeling studies of the peptide revealed the presence of a β-hairpin motif, which could be involved in this toxicity. In order to identify structures involved in the biological activities, we chose a directed mutagenesis approach. For this, the jaburetox cDNA was cloned into pET-23a vector (to yield the expression of jaburetox containing only histidine tag), and from this, we obtained different mutants: 1) deletion of the entire β- hairpin motif (amino acids 61 -75); 2) deletion of the N-terminal half of the peptide, which corresponds to a region absent in bacterial ureases; 3) deletion of the C-terminal half of the peptide. Planar lipid bilayers experiments were performed with jaburetox and all mutants, and we observed channels activity in all cases. Bioassays with Oncopeltus fasciatus and Rhodnius prolixus showed that the region of β-hairpin is not involved in the effects of the peptide in these organisms, and the N-terminal region of the Jbtx carries the most important entomotoxic domain which is fully active in the absence of the β-hairpin motif

Expressão da urease ubíqua de soja em Escherichia coli

Ureases (uréia amino-hidrolases; EC 3.5.1.5) são metaloenzimas níquel-dependentes, que catalisam a hidrólise da uréia à amônia e dióxido de carbono. Elas são produzidas por fungos, bactérias e plantas, mas não por animais. A soja produz duas isoenzimas, a urease ubíqua, que é codificada pelo gene Eu4, presente em pequenas quantidades em todos os tecidos da planta, e a urease embrião-específica, codificada pelo gene Eu1, que é sintetizada apenas no embrião em desenvolvimento. A urease ubíqua é responsável pela biodisponibilização de nitrogênio para planta, enquanto o papel da embrião-específica permanece desconhecido. Estudos prévios, sugerem que esta urease possa estar envolvida na defesa da planta.Como a urease ubíqua é encontrada em pequenas quantidades em todos tecidos da planta, tornando difícil sua obtenção, pouco é conhecido sobre esta enzima. No presente trabalho, estabeleceu-se um sistema de expressão e purificação parcial da urease ubíqua recombinante, expressa como uma proteína fusionada a uma cauda de glutationa-S-transferase (GST). O gene da urease foi amplificado por PCR e ligado em plasmídeo pGEX-4T-2 e expresso em Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). A urease recombinante foi parcialmente purificada em resina de afinidade Glutationa Sepharose 4B, obtendo-se um rendimento de aproximadamente 2 mg/L de cultura. A proteína recombinante foi analisada para atividade enzimática e imunorreatividade para anticorpos contra urease de Canavalia ensiformis.O sucessodeste método de expressão da urease ubíqua da soja, permitirá a produção de quantidades suficientes desta proteína para estudos posteriores de caracterização.Urease (EC 3.5.1.5, urea amidohydrolase) is a nickel-dependent metalloenzyme, that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ureases are produced by many organisms, including plants, fungi and bacteria. Soybean produces two isoenzymes, the ubiquitous urease, which is encoded by Eu4 gene and is present in small amounts in all plant tissues, and the embryo-specific urease, which is encoded by the Eu1 gene, and is synthesized only in the developing embryo. The ubiquitous urease is responsible for recycling metabolically derived urea while the role of the embryo-specific urease remains unkown. Previous studies had suggested that the embryo-specific urease could be involved in plant defense. Since the ubiquitous urease is found in low amounts in plant tissues making difficult to purify the enzyme, little is known about this protein.In the present work, a system for the expression and partial purification of soluble soybean ubiquitous urease was established expressing a protein fusioned with glutathione S- transferase (GST). The urease gene amplified by PCR was inserted into a pGEX-4T-2 GST fusion vector and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant urease was partially purified by a Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, yielding about 2 mg protein/L of culture broth. The recombinant protein was tested for enzymatic activity and imunoreactivity against anti Canavalia ensiformis antibodies. Successful expression of ubiquitous urease in E. coli provides a way to produce this protein in amounts enough for posterior studies and characterization

Expressão da urease ubíqua de soja em Escherichia coli

Ureases (uréia amino-hidrolases; EC 3.5.1.5) são metaloenzimas níquel-dependentes, que catalisam a hidrólise da uréia à amônia e dióxido de carbono. Elas são produzidas por fungos, bactérias e plantas, mas não por animais. A soja produz duas isoenzimas, a urease ubíqua, que é codificada pelo gene Eu4, presente em pequenas quantidades em todos os tecidos da planta, e a urease embrião-específica, codificada pelo gene Eu1, que é sintetizada apenas no embrião em desenvolvimento. A urease ubíqua é responsável pela biodisponibilização de nitrogênio para planta, enquanto o papel da embrião-específica permanece desconhecido. Estudos prévios, sugerem que esta urease possa estar envolvida na defesa da planta.Como a urease ubíqua é encontrada em pequenas quantidades em todos tecidos da planta, tornando difícil sua obtenção, pouco é conhecido sobre esta enzima. No presente trabalho, estabeleceu-se um sistema de expressão e purificação parcial da urease ubíqua recombinante, expressa como uma proteína fusionada a uma cauda de glutationa-S-transferase (GST). O gene da urease foi amplificado por PCR e ligado em plasmídeo pGEX-4T-2 e expresso em Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). A urease recombinante foi parcialmente purificada em resina de afinidade Glutationa Sepharose 4B, obtendo-se um rendimento de aproximadamente 2 mg/L de cultura. A proteína recombinante foi analisada para atividade enzimática e imunorreatividade para anticorpos contra urease de Canavalia ensiformis.O sucessodeste método de expressão da urease ubíqua da soja, permitirá a produção de quantidades suficientes desta proteína para estudos posteriores de caracterização.Urease (EC 3.5.1.5, urea amidohydrolase) is a nickel-dependent metalloenzyme, that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ureases are produced by many organisms, including plants, fungi and bacteria. Soybean produces two isoenzymes, the ubiquitous urease, which is encoded by Eu4 gene and is present in small amounts in all plant tissues, and the embryo-specific urease, which is encoded by the Eu1 gene, and is synthesized only in the developing embryo. The ubiquitous urease is responsible for recycling metabolically derived urea while the role of the embryo-specific urease remains unkown. Previous studies had suggested that the embryo-specific urease could be involved in plant defense. Since the ubiquitous urease is found in low amounts in plant tissues making difficult to purify the enzyme, little is known about this protein.In the present work, a system for the expression and partial purification of soluble soybean ubiquitous urease was established expressing a protein fusioned with glutathione S- transferase (GST). The urease gene amplified by PCR was inserted into a pGEX-4T-2 GST fusion vector and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant urease was partially purified by a Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, yielding about 2 mg protein/L of culture broth. The recombinant protein was tested for enzymatic activity and imunoreactivity against anti Canavalia ensiformis antibodies. Successful expression of ubiquitous urease in E. coli provides a way to produce this protein in amounts enough for posterior studies and characterization