147 research outputs found
Les dĂ©clarations dâimpĂŽts personnels des QuĂ©bĂ©cois pour lâannĂ©e 1985 : qui les complĂšte et Ă quel coĂ»t?
Ce texte examine les choix des contribuables du QuĂ©bec, soit des individus ayant dĂ©posĂ© des dĂ©clarations dâimpĂŽt sur le revenu pour 1985, quâils aient ou non payĂ© de lâimpĂŽt, quant Ă la façon de complĂ©ter leurs dĂ©clarations dâimpĂŽt sur le revenu des particuliers et les coĂ»ts encourus Ă cette fin. Nous y utilisons des donnĂ©es recueillies par sondage Ă notre demande auprĂšs dâun Ă©chantillon de 447 contribuables. Nos principaux rĂ©sultats sont que les contribuables susceptibles dâĂȘtre plus aptes Ă complĂ©ter eux-mĂȘmes leurs dĂ©clarations d'impĂŽt le font eux-mĂȘmes, malgrĂ© le fait que la valeur de leur temps soit plus Ă©levĂ©e, que les contribuables faisant face Ă une situation fiscale plus complexe sont moins susceptibles de complĂ©ter eux-mĂȘmes leur rapport dâimpĂŽt et que les contribuables quĂ©bĂ©cois ont des comportements et encourent des coĂ»ts similaires Ă ceux du Canada et, lorsque la comparaison est possible, Ă ceux des Ătats-Unis.This paper examines the 1985 QuĂ©bec taxpayers' choice as to how they completed their personal income tax returns, and quantifies the compliance costs thus incurred. The data used therein were collected at our request by surveying a reprĂ©sentative sample of 447 taxpayers. Our main results are: 1 ) taxpayers more capable of completing their own returns do so even though the value of their time is higher; 2) taxpayers faced with a more complex tax situation are less likely to prepare their own returns; and 3) QuĂ©bec taxpayers have similar behaviors and costs to those of Canadians and, when the comparison is feasible, Americans as well
StratĂ©gies dâadaptation et idĂ©ations suicidaires chez un groupe dâadolescentes ayant dĂ©voilĂ© une agression sexuelle
Une Ă©tude rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de 52 adolescentes ayant Ă©tĂ© victimes dâagression sexuelle et provenant du Centre jeunesse de MontrĂ©al, du Centre jeunesse de la MontĂ©rĂ©gie et du Centre dâintervention en abus sexuel pour la famille de Gatineau (CIASF) a permis de documenter la prĂ©valence des idĂ©ations suicidaires dans cet Ă©chantillon. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâinvestiguer les stratĂ©gies dâadaptation utilisĂ©es par ces participantes pour faire face Ă lâagression sexuelle (recherche de soutien social, rĂ©Ă©valuation positive / rĂ©solution de problĂšmes et Ă©vitement / distanciation). De plus, les liens existants entre les stratĂ©gies de coping et les idĂ©ations suicidaires ont Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que les adolescentes ayant Ă©tĂ© victimes dâagression sexuelle et ayant un dĂ©sir suicidaire Ă©levĂ© se distinguent des victimes non suicidaires ou lĂ©gĂšrement suicidaires, au niveau des stratĂ©gies dâadaptation employĂ©es pour faire face Ă lâagression sexuelle vĂ©cue. Finalement, lâimplication de ces rĂ©sultats en matiĂšre dâintervention est abordĂ©e afin dâorienter les pratiques des intervenants cĂŽtoyant des adolescentes prĂ©sentant une double problĂ©matique (agression sexuelle et idĂ©ations suicidaires).Fifty-two female sexual abuse victims aged 12 to 17 years old were interviewed as part of a research project. They were recruited in three different settings : Centre jeunesse de Montreal, Centre jeunesse de la MontĂ©rĂ©gie and Centre dâintervention en abus sexuel pour la famille (CIASF) in Gatineau. The aim of the project was to document the prevalence of suicidal ideations in the sample and to explore the coping strategies (seeking social support, problem-solving and avoidance/distanciation) used by participants to face the sexual abuse. Moreover, the relationship between coping strategies and the presence/absence of suicidal ideations was investigated. Results indicate that sexually abused adolescents who present high suicidal intent differ from non-suicidal or low intent suicidal participants with regards to coping strategies used to face the sexual abuse. Finally, in light of the results, therapeutic implications are discussed to guide clinical workers who intervene with teenagers displaying this double problem (sexual abuse and suicidal thoughts)
Training needs in dating violence prevention among school staff in Québec, Canada
IntroductionSchool staff play a central role in youth sexual health education (SHE), making them critical actors in dating violence (DV) prevention initiatives. However, since most school staff do not benefit from specific training on SHE, they often report feeling challenged in their roles as sex educators. The mention of a lack of self-efficacy to prevent DV is a concern as self-efficacy is associated with the motivation of adopting new behaviors. To optimize the scope of actions used to prevent DV, the SPARX program team sought to identify priority training needs using a mixed-methods design.MethodsIn the quantitative component of this study, 108 school staff completed an online survey regarding their sense of ease, self-efficacy and barriers faced in regard to DV prevention. For the qualitative component, 15 school staff participated in an individual semi-structured interview, sharing their experiences preventing DV. Descriptive analyses were conducted on the survey data, while direct content analysis using the self-efficacy theory concept was conducted on the interviews.ResultsTo feel confident, school staff members need to learn about DV and healthy relationships and clarify their role in DV prevention. Turnkey activities, preformulated answers to adolescentsâ questions, and strategies to reassure reluctant parents can strengthen staffâs sense of self-efficacy. Members of the school staff also want to feel supported and encouraged by their colleagues and school administration in their efforts to prevent DV.DiscussionThe results highlight the importance of providing training beyond acquisition of knowledge, which can improve attitudes toward DV prevention and a sense of self-efficacy used to transmit content and intervention
Ăvaluation dâun programme national de maternelle en milieux dĂ©favorisĂ©s
Cette Ă©tude examine le rendement scolaire et lâadaptation sociale de 10 369 Ă©lĂšves inscrits Ă un programme de maternelle Ă plein temps ou Ă demiâtemps. Les rĂ©sultats scolaires des Ă©lĂšves issus de milieux Ă©conomiquement faibles sont comparĂ©s Ă la fin de la 1re annĂ©e du primaire. Les analyses montrent quâauâdelĂ des facteurs personnels qui peuvent influencer la rĂ©ussite Ă lâĂ©cole, la frĂ©quentation de la maternelle Ă plein temps ne permet ni un meilleur rendement scolaire ni une meilleure adaptation sociale de ces Ă©lĂšves. Mots clĂ©s : rendement scolaire, adaptation sociale, Ă©valuation de programmes, prĂ©scolaire This study examines the school performance and social adaptation of 10 369 children who completed either a full time or a halfâtime senior kindergarten program. First grade academic results and social adaptation of children are measured. Results indicate that beyond the influence of personal characteristics, children from disadvantaged neighborhoods in full time program do not perform better and they do not show a higher level of social adaptation. Key words: school performance, social adaptation, program evaluation, kindergarten
RĂ©sultats de lâĂ©valuation des effets dâun programme de prĂ©vention des agressions Ă caractĂšre sexuel auprĂšs dâĂ©lĂšves de secondaire III au cours de sa phase pilot
This study presents the results of a pilot evaluative study of a new sexual violence prevention program designed for high school students. This evaluation is based on a pre-experimental pre-test/post-test design from a sample of 167 high school youths who participated in the classroom workshops. Results show that following their participation in the program, they improved their knowledge, attitudes, protective and supportive skills, and self-efficacy toward sexual violence. This study identifies positive effects following the participation in this program and helps optimize sexual violence prevention initiatives targeting youth.
Keywords: sex education, prevention, sexual violence, program evaluation, adolescenceCette Ă©tude expose les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©valuation des effets dâun nouveau programme de prĂ©vention de la violence sexuelle chez des jeunes de secondaire III au cours de sa phase pilote. Cette Ă©valuation repose sur un devis prĂ©expĂ©rimental prĂ©test/post-test, auprĂšs dâun Ă©chantillon de 167 Ă©lĂšves ayant participĂ© aux ateliers en classe. Les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent quâaprĂšs leur participation au programme, les Ă©lĂšves amĂ©liorent leurs connaissances, leurs attitudes, leurs habiletĂ©s prĂ©ventives et de soutien, et leur sentiment dâautoefficacitĂ©. Cette Ă©tude cerne des effets favorables Ă la participation au programme et contribue Ă lâoptimisation des pratiques prĂ©ventives offertes aux jeunes en matiĂšre de violence sexuelle.
Mots-clés : éducation à la sexualité, prévention, violence sexuelle, évaluation de programme, adolescenc
Proximate effects of a child sexual abuse prevention program in elementary school childrenà«Ÿ,à«Ÿà«Ÿ
Abstract Objective: The effects of the sexual child abuse prevention program ESPACE were evaluated by means of a Solomon-type design with first and third grade children. ESPACE is an adaptation of the American Child Assault Prevention Program (CAP). Possible side effects of the program were also examined. Method: A total of 133 children (64 first-graders and 69 third-graders) participated in the study. Children completed a knowledge questionnaire and a video vignette measure designed to evaluate preventive skills towards abusive and potentially abusive situations. A follow-up measure (2 months) was administered to verify whether knowledge and skills were maintained. Results: Results indicated that children participating in the prevention program showed greater preventive knowledge and skills relative to children not participating. Follow-up data showed that knowledge gains were maintained while the preventive skill gains may attenuate. However, while global skill scores decreased between post-test and follow-up, children still showed greater preventive skills at follow-up than before the program. In terms of unanticipated side effects, results revealed that almost half of the parents noted positive reactions following children's participation in the ESPACE program. Furthermore, the majority of parents did not identify negative reactions in their children following their participation in the workshop. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Quebec adaptation of the CAP program was effective in à«ŸThis research was funded by grants from the Conseil quĂ©bĂ©cois de la recherche sociale and the Fonds de services aux collectivitĂ©s of the province of QuĂ©bec. à«Ÿà«ŸInformation regarding the ESPACE program may be obtained by contacting the Regroupement des organismes ESPACE du QuĂ©bec, 59 Monfette, Local 235, Victoriaville, QuĂ©bec, Canada, G6P 1J8. * Corresponding author. Pergamo
Buying and selling sex in Quebec adolescents: a study of risk and protective factors
Abstract This study examined the exchange of sexual services for compensation (e.g., money, drugs, alcohol) in high school students. The sale of sex in young people from nonclinical samples has been the subject of recent studies, but buying such services has received far less attention. This study described these two phenomena and associated factors within a nonclinical sample of 815 high school students (M = 15.86 years) from Québec. According to our results, 3% of these youth reported having bought and 4% reported having sold such services in their lifetime. More girls were involved in selling sexual services and more boys were involved in buying them. Young people generally disapproved of prostitution. Logistic regressions revealed that attitudes in support of prostitution, history of sexual abuse, casual sex, and the number of stressful life events were related to the sale of sex. Furthermore, observing sexualized social activities and exhibiting approving attitudes towards prostitution were associated with buying sexual services
EnquĂȘte sur la collaboration famille-Ă©cole
Les Ă©tudes sur la prĂ©vention de lâĂ©chec scolaire dĂ©montrent que la collaboration famille- Ă©cole influence positivement la rĂ©ussite scolaire. La prĂ©sente enquĂȘte, menĂ©e auprĂšs de 630 enseignants et 957 parents quĂ©bĂ©cois, a pour but de connaĂźtre les pratiques, les atti- tudes, les besoins et les attentes sur le sujet. Les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent que les parents sont satisfaits des informations provenant de lâĂ©cole, mais souhaitent plus dâinformation sur les programmes et le matĂ©riel. Ils dĂ©sirent collaborer avec lâĂ©cole et se disent disponibles pour aider aux travaux scolaires et suivre une formation Ă cet Ă©gard, surtout lors des pre- miĂšres annĂ©es scolaires. Dâautre part, les enseignants surestiment le degrĂ© de satisfaction des parents concernant lâinformation provenant de lâĂ©cole et voient moins la nĂ©cessitĂ© des rĂ©unions dâinformation. Ils croient en la collaboration, mais leur disponibilitĂ© est limitĂ©e pour les activitĂ©s hors classe. Ils croient eux aussi dans la pertinence dâune formation pour les parents. Research shows that school-family collaboration reduces the likelihood of failure in school. Our Quebec study of 630 teachers and 957 parents examines practices, attitudes, needs, and expectations concerning failure/success. Although parents are satisfied with the information schools provide, they would like to know more about curricula and material arrangements. They say they want to cooperate with the school, to help with schoolwork, and â especially in primary school â to receive training in order to do this collaborative work. Teachers meanwhile overestimate parent satisfaction about schoolsâ provision of information, and underplay the nedd for parent-teacher conferences. They believe in colla- boration, but limit their after-school work time. They, too, think parental training would be helpful.
A prospective study of the impact of child maltreatment and friend support on psychological distress trajectory : from adolescence to emerging adulthood
Background
Transition into adulthood is a critical developmental period that may be influenced by adverse life events as well as by protective factors. This study aimed at investigating the effect of different forms of child maltreatment experienced prior to age 14 (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse and exposure to intimate partner violence), and of friend support at age 14 on the psychological distress trajectory from age 14 to 24.
Methods
Participants were 605 adolescents from the general population involved in a 10-year longitudinal study. Psychological distress was evaluated at ages 14, 16, 18 and 24. Child maltreatment prior to 14 years was retrospectively assessed at 14 and 24 years while perception of support from friends was evaluated at age 14.
Results
Multilevel growth modeling indicated that psychological distress followed a significant decreasing curvilinear trajectory, with participants reporting fewer distressing psychological symptoms after 18 years. All three forms of child maltreatment, as well as their cumulative effect, predicted more psychological distress over 10 years above and beyond the protective effect of support from friends. Higher support from friends at age 14 was related to lower distress at baseline andover 10 years, beyond the effect of child maltreatment.
Limitations
Self-report nature of all measures, attrition, and measures of child maltreatment forms.
Conclusions
Psychological distress decreased during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Results also revealed the detrimental impact of child maltreatment and the promotive role of friend support, which underscore the importance of early intervention
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