Public administration in EU countries: selected comparative approaches

The focus of the paper is on selected comparative models in public administration (human research system, model based on the system of government and models of local government and territorial organization). The aim of this paper is to provide a more thorough view on public administration in the EU-28 countries and to assess the selected comparative approaches and the financial dimension according to the levels of public administration. Evaluation of the selected indicators of financial dimension of public administration was carried out using the method of analysis, whose outcomes confirmed the most notable differences between the EU-28 countries in the first and third cluster in fiscal decentralization of expenditure and in total general government expenditure

Forms of Providing and Financing Long-Term Care in OECD Countries

Long-Term care is being prioritised due to population ageing, and hand in hand with the development of professional provision of long-Term care, public expendi-Tures will be increasing. Mainly countries with a sharp increase in the number of people aged 80+ will have to address the sustainability of long-Term care systems and the pro-curement of relevant services. This paper aims to evaluate the forms of provision and financing of long-Term care in selected OECD countries. Provision and funding of long-Term care in terms of a formal system are assessed based on selected criteria using analytical methods (principal component analysis and TwoStep cluster analysis). Results of the evaluation carried out in 2008 and 2013 by means of the selected indicators of long-Term care, using TwoStep cluster analysis, confirmed both similar as well as different approaches to the provision and financing of long-Term care in the analysed countries. The most marked differences in the provision of care based on indicators LTC recipients aged 65+ and LTC recipients in institutions as a percentage of total LTC recipients were found between the first cluster (Australia and Korea with the highest share of LTC recipients) and the second cluster (Czech Republic, Estonia, with the lowest share of LTC recipients). In financing of long-Term care (LTC expenditures on institutions as a percentage of total LTC expenditures), the most significant differences were observed between the first (Australia, Korea, with the largest share of LTC expenditures on institutions) and third cluster (mainly Nordic countries, with the lowest share of LTC expenditures on institutions of total LTC expenditures). © 2017 Renáta Halásková et al., published by De Gruyter Open 2017.Operational Programme Education for Competitiveness [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0296]; Evaluation of Public Policy Objectives in the Context of Sustainable Development and Performance of Regions [RO/2016/08

Innovation performance and R&D expenditures in Western European regions: Divergence or convergence?

Although Western Europe is a global leader in innovation activities among the OECD countries, these activities are not distributed evenly across NUTS 2 regions. Thus, the analysis of convergence or divergence related to innovation performance and R&D expenditures among Western European NUTS 2 regions is posed as the aim of this paper. Applying differential local version of spatial autocorrelation (LISA), difference-in-difference estimation the paper reveals the local variation of convergence and divergence and general spatial regime divergence in innovation performance and R&D expenditures within Western European NUTS 2 regions. Moreover, spatial lag cross-sectional regression provides support to the consideration of R&D expenditures as determinant for innovation performance along with the continuing divergence between most of Western and Southern European NUTS 2 regions and the others. Thus, the results confirm the stability in innovation performance and R&D expenditures in Western European NUTS 2 regions which could be the source of lagging behind not only other OECD countries but BRICS countries as well. On the regional level several NUTS 2 regions demonstrated the convergence dynamics, however, the general spatial divergence regime should lead to more actions regarding R&D polices under the EU programming period of 2014-2020. © Foundation of International Studies, 2018 and CSR, 2018

The structure and financial dimensions of public administration in EU countries

Various traditional trends and roles of public administration can be traced across the European Union member states. These countries, however, are obliged to abide by common administrative and legal principles of the European administrative area. This paper focuses on the structure and differentiation of public administration in EU (28) countries, levels of local government and internal division of administrative structures, using the ESA methodology and a comparison of expenditures made by public administration in 2003, 2009 and 2013. The fi scal aspect of public administration is evaluated also through fi scal decentralization (revenues, expenditures). Cluster analysis is used for the comparison of selected areas of public expenditures according to the levels of public administration, showing that EU (28) countries can be divided into three clusters. The most signifi cant differences in public expenditures according to levels of public administration were observed in EU countries in the fi rst and third cluster, where fi scal decentralization of expenditures constitutes the most notable difference. The smallest differences in all clusters are perceived in total general government expenditures as % of GDP.Web of Scienceno. 45E574

Research and development efficiency in public and private sectors: An empirical analysis of EU countries by using DEA methodology

Both the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) and its embedded technology diffusion exponentially progress and grow in terms of technical change and socioeconomic impact. The aim of this study was the evaluation of research and development efficiency in the public and private sectors in EU countries. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, within which the slack-based model was applied, was used to achieve this aim. The Malmquist index (MI) was used to calculate changes in research and development efficiency during 2010/2013 and 2014/2017. The results present a decrease in total Research and Development (R&D) productivity in public and private sectors for an average of EU countries (28). However, Spain, Slovenia, and Portugal (in the public sector), and Ireland and Romania (in the private sector) revealed an increase of a total R&D productivity during 2010/2013 and 2014/2017 that was primarily influenced by an increase of technical efficiency (catch-up effect). Similarly, the results confirm the differences in R&D efficiency in private and public sectors in the European countries. The study's results also provide a valuable platform for creators of national strategic and innovative investment and educational plans, and creators of relevant policies and create a platform for national and international benchmarking indicators. © 2020 by the authors.Research and Development Agency GA AA [21/2020]; research project VEGA [1/0794/18

What affects the interest rate on deposit from households?

The contribution aim to identify the factors influencing the level of the interest rate in the conditions of the Slovak banking sector. The analysis itself is carried out using a correlation and regression analysis based on quarterly data from the database of National Bank of Slovakia for the period from 1st quarter 2006 to the 4th quarter of 2017. The research has been motivated by the three research questions about the impact of the selected market and intra-bank variables (Does the growth of market concentration lead to a decrease in deposits interest rates? Does the interest rate on the interbank market have a positive impact on deposits interest rates? Does the growth of liquidity lead to a decrease in deposits interest rates?). Based on the results of regression model we have found out, that the increasing concentration, declining interbank interest rate, disinflation, increasing bank capitalisation and declining bank liquidity have a significant impact on the decline in interest rates on deposit products under the conditions of the Slovak banking sector. This support the Structure-conductperformance hypothesis which states that higher market concertation leads to less favourable pricing to customers. We have also found out, that highly capitalised banking sector has a lower pass-through for deposits, which means that the pricing behaviour of this banking sector is least tied to market development. So when the market rate decrease, the deposit rate of highly capitalised banking sector must also decrease and this decrease must be higher than the decrease in market rate.Web of Science152574

Determinants of corruption: a panel data analysis of Visegrad countries

Research background: Corruption is a phenomenon that has no borders, thus hindering the proper functioning of the social, economic, and legal systems of a given state. As the rankings assessing the level of corruption in various countries show, transition economies are more vulnerable to corruption than countries that have not undergone changes in the political and economic order. The Visegrad group is an example of such countries. Despite their efforts, these countries' governments have yet to match the evaluation of corruption indices for developed European countries. Purpose of the article: This study analyses the determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries to identify which determinants are the most impactful and thus should be the focus of Visegrad countries' governments when creating anti-corruption policies. Methods: Data for the period 1996-2019 from the databases of the World Bank, Transparency International. and the European Central Bank were used for panel data analysis. The study uses a comprehensive set of economic, socio-cultural, and political determinants that can influence corruption. The purpose of this large set of variables is to prevent possible distortion owing to omitted variables. Findings & value added: The results of the analysis of panel data show the main determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries are economic, political, and socio-cultural (phase of economic development, openness of the economy, size of the public sector, degree of urbanization, and women's share in the labour force). A significant effect was also demonstrated in the case of regulatory quality and public sector wages. The findings can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers to develop government policies in individual countries and to implement effective anti-corruption tools.Web of Science171795

XXIV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách

Title in English: 24th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences: Conference proceedings. The conference proceedings consists of papers presented at the 24rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences that was organized by Department of Regional Economics and Administration FEA MU. It contains 79 articles arranged by topic. The individual articles deal with e.g. socioeconomic disparities among regions, regional policy, territory attractiveness, tourism or regional public administration

Local governments in EU countries: competences and financing of public services

Local governments in the EU play a major role in the development of local public policies. Local governments provide public services in the public interest, funding them for public resources. The paper deals with the role of the local public sector and the comparison of competences of sub-national governments (local, intermediate, regional) in EU countries and the financial dimension of local and regional governments for development of services. The areas assessed include spending capabilities of local governments in 28 EU countries, with a particular focus on total expenditures of local and regional governments, fiscal decentralisation of expenditures, and local government expenditures by selected function (social protection, health, education, culture and recreation), including the rate of their decentralisation of expenditures. The empirical research renders a comparison of spending capabilities of local and regional governments by selected function in EU countries, making use of cluster analysis and the evaluation of similarities and differences in the individual countries. The most marked differences in EU countries were observed in expenditures of the local public sector on health. Conversely, the least marked differences in all countries are seen in the expenditures of the local public sector on recreation and culture