Limfosarkom tankog crijeva mačke.

We describe a clinical case of a 4-year-old cat suspected to be suffering from a kidney disease, sent to our clinic by a private veterinarian. During the preceding two weeks the cat suffered from anorexia and in the past three days she had vomited food and water. Clinical examination revealed dehydration and abdominal palpation identified two solid, walnut-sized formations in the centre of the cat’s abdominal cavity. A blood sample was taken for biochemical examination and the abdominal cavity was examined by X-ray. On the basis of the results obtained a diagnostic laparotomy was performed, which established the presence of two tumorous formations protruding from jejunum. The affected part of the intestine was resected, intestinal ends were joined by end-to-end everted anastomosis and the laparotomic wound was closed using the common procedure. The cat was treated by infusions and antibiotics. The excised portion of the intestine was sent for histological examination, which identified a lymphosarcoma.Opisana je klinička slika u mačke u dobi 4 godine koja je na kliniku upućena pod sumnjom na bolest bubrega. Dva tjedna prije toga pokazivala je znakove anoreksije, a posljednja tri dana povraćala je hranu i vodu. Mačka je bila izrazito dehidrirana, a palpacijom abdomena ustanovljene su dvije čvrste tvorbe veličine oraha i to u središnjem području trbušne šupljine. Provedena je klinička i biokemijska pretraga krvi i rendgenografija abdomena. Na temelju dobivenih nalaza izvršena je dijagnostička laparotomija kojom su dokazane dvije tumorske tvorbe na taštom crijevu. Promijenjeni dio crijeva je reseciran nakon čega su krajnji dijelovi spojeni anastomozom. Mačka je nakon operacije bila liječena infuzijama i antibioticima. Odstranjen dio crijeva bio je dostavljen na histološku pretragu te je potvrđen limfosarkom

Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (CD26) defines leukemic stem cells (LSC) in chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem cell (SC) neoplasm characterized by the BCR/ABL1 oncogene. Although mechanisms of BCR/ABL1-induced transformation are well-defined, little is known about effector-molecules contributing to malignant expansion and the extramedullary spread of leukemic SC (LSC) in CML. We have identified the cytokine-targeting surface enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPPIV/CD26) as a novel, specific and pathogenetically relevant biomarker of CD34+/CD38─ CML LSC. In functional assays, CD26 was identified as target enzyme disrupting the SDF-1-CXCR4-axis by cleaving SDF-1, a chemotaxin recruiting CXCR4+ SC. CD26 was not detected on normal SC or LSC in other hematopoietic malignancies. Correspondingly, CD26+ LSC decreased to low or undetectable levels during successful treatment with imatinib. CD26+ CML LSC engrafted NOD-SCID-IL-2Rγ−/− (NSG) mice with BCR/ABL1+ cells, whereas CD26─ SC from the same patients produced multilineage BCR/ABL1– engraftment. Finally, targeting of CD26 by gliptins suppressed the expansion of BCR/ABL1+ cells. Together, CD26 is a new biomarker and target of CML LSC. CD26 expression may explain the abnormal extramedullary spread of CML LSC, and inhibition of CD26 may revert abnormal LSC function and support curative treatment approaches in this malignancy

Varying vacuum energy of a self-interacting scalar field

Understanding mechanisms capable of altering the vacuum energy is currently of interest in field theories and cosmology. We consider an interacting scalar field and show that the vacuum energy naturally takes any value between its maximum and zero because interaction affects the number of operating field modes, the assertion that involves no assumptions or postulates. The mechanism is similar to the recently discussed temperature evolution of collective modes in liquids. The cosmological implication concerns the evolution of scalar field $\phi$ during the inflation of the Universe. $\phi$ starts with all field modes operating and maximal vacuum energy in the early inflation-dominated epoch. As a result of inflation, $\phi$ undergoes a dynamical crossover and arrives in the state with one long-wavelength longitudinal mode and small positive vacuum energy predicted to be asymptotically decreasing to zero in the late epoch. Accordingly, we predict that the currently observed cosmological constant will decrease in the future, and comment on the possibility of a cyclic Universe

Hyoliths of the Barrandian area

of Mgr. Martin Valent doctoral thesis Hyoliths of the Barrandian Area The submitted Ph.D. thesis summarizes recent information on comparatively poorly known group of invertebrates - the hyoliths. The first part of the thesis is composed by six main chapters focussed in detail on various aspects of hyoliths; major characteristics and ecology of hyoliths, progress in systematic of hyoliths, principles of hyolith classification, stratigraphical and palaeogeographical distribution of hyoliths, hyoliths within the Bohemian Massif and morphology of hyoliths. Up-to-date information has been included in all chapters. New data were published in five author's papers on hyolith colour patterns, systematics of hyoliths, pattern of palaeogeographic distribution and palaeoecologic interactions between hyoliths and various elements of the Cambrian invertebrate fauna. Short appendage consists of the Czech-English-Chinese terminological dictionary, simplifying study of Chinese literature.Souhrn disertační práce Mgr. Martin Valenta Hyoliti Barrandienu Cílem této disertační práce je shrnutí současných poznatků o hyolitech. Tato skupina patří mezi méně studované zástupce paleozoických bezobratlých. Úvodní část disertační práce sestává ze šesti hlavních kapitol, ve kterých je podrobně popsána charakteristika a ekologie hyolitů, vývoj názorů na systematické postavení hyolitů, principy systematické klasifikace hyolitů, stratigrafické a paleogeografické rozšíření hyolitů, hyoliti v rámci Českého masivu a morfologie hyolitů. Všechny kapitoly jsou doplněny o nejnovější informace publikované autorem v pěti článcích zaměřených na barevné vzory u hyolitů, systematiku hyolitů, jejich paleogeografické rozšíření a také na paleoekologické interakce mezi hyolity a dalšími složkami kambrické fauny bezobratlých. Krátkou přílohu tvoří česko-anglicko-čínský terminologický slovník, který usnadňuje studium čínsky psané literatury.Institute of Geology and PaleontologyÚstav geologie a paleontologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Constraining constant and tomographic coupled dark energy with low-redshift and high-redshift probes

We consider coupled dark energy (CDE) cosmologies, where dark matter particles feel a force stronger than gravity, due to the fifth force mediated by a scalar field which plays the role of dark energy. We perform for the first time a tomographic analysis of coupled dark energy, where the coupling strength is parametrised and constrained in different redshift bins. This allows us to verify which data can better constrain the strength of the coupling and how large the coupling can be at different epochs. First, we employ cosmic microwave background data from $\textit{Planck}$, the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and South Pole Telescope (SPT), showing the impact of different choices that can be done in combining these datasets. Then, we use a range of low redshift probes to test CDE cosmologies, both for a constant and for a tomographic coupling. In particular, we use for the first time data from weak lensing (the KiDS-1000 survey), galaxy clustering (BOSS survey), and their combination, including 3x2pt galaxy-galaxy lensing cross-correlation data. We see that with a tomographic CDE model, there can be a considerable degree of variation in coupling strength between different epochs. When combining CMB and low redshift probes other than weak lensing and galaxy clustering, we see that coupling at redshifts $z\leq 5$ is considerably unconstrained. On the other hand, galaxy clustering and consequently 3x2pt are able to place tight constraints on the coupling strength $\beta$, with $\beta \lesssim 0.02$ at 68% C.L. for a constant coupling case, making upcoming galaxy surveys potentially powerful probes to constrain such CDE models.Comment: 25 pages, 17 figure

Značenje kontinuiranog mjerenja arterijskog tlaka u djece i adolescenata

The objective of this study was to present our data on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in children and adolescents referred to our Department because of casual BP elevation over the 95th percentile on at least 3 visits in primary care office. ABPM studies in 139 children, 94 boys and 45 girls, mean age 14.14 (range 4-19) years, were reviewed. A total of 107 (76.98%) children had hypertension according to the ABPM criteria. Primary hypertension (PH) was diagnosed in 89 (64.03%), secondary hypertension (SH) in 18 (12.95%) and white coat hypertension (WCH) in 32 (23.02%) children. In both PH and SH groups, hypertension was predominantly systolic (60.67% and 55.56%, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in diurnal and nocturnal systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) loads between PH and SH groups. The non-dipping phenomenon was detected in 49.44%, 66.66% and 40.62% of children with PH, SH and WCH, respectively. The mean pulse pressure values were 60.41, 58.58 and 52.25 mm Hg in the PH, SH and WCH groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in pulse pressure values between PH and WCH (df=55, t=6.15, p<0.01) groups and between SH and WCH groups (df=31, t=3.18, p=0.001). Target organ damage was diagnosed in 16 (17.98%) children with PH and in 5 (27.78%) children with SH. None of the children with WCH had target organ damage. ABPM is indispensable for establishing the diagnosis of hypertension in children. It is the only reliable method of WCH diagnosis.Cilj istraživanja bio je prikazati naše rezultate kontinuiranog mjerenja arterijskog tlaka (KMAT) u djece i adolescenata upućenih u našu Kliniku zbog povišenog krvnog tlaka (BP) iznad 95. percentile izmjerenog u ordinacijama liječnika primarne zdravstvene zaštite u 3 ili više navrata. Analizirali smo rezultate KMAT-a u 139 djece, 94 dječaka i 45 djevojčica. Srednja dob bila je 14,14 (4-19) godina. Prema nalazu KMAT-a 107 (76,98%) djece imalo je hipertenziju. Primarna hipertenzija (PH) utvrđena je u 89 (64,03%), sekundarna hipertenzija (SH) u 18 (12,95%) i hipertenzija bijele kute (WCH) u 32 (23,02%) djece. I u PH i u SH radilo se većinom o sistoličnoj hipertenziji (60,67% odnosno 55,56%). Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u vrijednostima postotka povišenog krvnog tlaka iznad 95. centile (engl. BP load) između dnevnog i noćnog sistoličnog i dijastoličnog tlaka između PH i SH. Fenomen non-dipping utvrđen je u 49,44% djece s PH, 66,66% djece sa SH te 40,62% djece s WCH. Srednja vrijednost tlaka pulsa bila je 60,41 mm Hg u PH, 58,58 mm Hg u SH i 52,25 mm Hg u WCH. Statistički značajna razlika nađena je u tlaku pulsa između PH i WCH (df=55, t=6,15, p<0,01), te između SH i WCH (df=31, t=3,18, p=0,001). Oštećenje ciljnih organa ustanovljeno je kod 16 (17,98%) djece s PH i 5 (27,78%) djece sa SH. Oštećenje ciljnih organa nije ustanovljeno kod djece s WCH. KMAT je neophodan za dijagnosticiranje hipertenzije u djece i predstavlja jedinu pouzdanu metodu za dijagnosticiranje WCH

Pojavnost displazije bedrenog zgloba u nekih pasmina lovačkih pasa.

An analysis of the occurrence of hip joint dysplasia (HJD) was carried out on the following hunting dogs in the Slovak Republic in the period 1995-2000: Bavarian mountain hound and Hannoverian hound. During the period under investigation we examined 299 animals of both breeds - 206 bitches and 93 dogs. Whereas in 1995 we found that 38.3% were affected by HJD, by the end of the observation period the number of HJD-positive dogs decreased to 26.1% in both breeds. Analysis of the results also showed that HJD was diagnosed in 22.3% of bitches and 18.9% of dogs. The differences between positive and negative findings during the investigated period were significant (P≤0.05) when evaluated by χ2 test. The incidence of HJD in both hunting dog breeds showed a decreasing tendency, probably as a result of selective breeding. HJD was evaluated using a 5-point gradation system, extending from A to E. However, stages D and E were not diagnosed.Analiza pojavnosti displazije bedrenog zgloba u lovačkih pasa pasmina bavarski krvosljednik i hanoveranski krvosljednik provedena je u Republici Slovačkoj u razdoblju od 1995. do 2000. U tom je razdoblju bilo pretraženo 299 životinja obih pasmina i to 206 ženki i 93 mužjaka. Za razliku od 1995. kada je bilo ustanovljeno 38,3% pretraženih pasa s displazijom bedrenog zgloba, na kraju promatranog razdoblja broj pozitivnih smanjio se na 26,1% u obje pasmine. Displazija je bila dokazana u 22,3% ženki i 18,9% mužjaka. Razlika između pozitivnih i negativnih nalaza u pretraživanom razdoblju bila je statistički značajna (P≤0,05) određeno χ2 testom. Smanjenje pojavnosti displazije bedrenog zgloba u promatranih pasmina pasa vjerojatno je rezultat odabira. Prosudba je bila provedena na osnovi pet stupnjeva označenih od A do E. Displazija stupnja D i E nije bila ustanovljena

Occupational Therapy Intervention with Children Survivors of War

A preventive occupational therapy program with children surviving the Kosovo conflict is examined. The objective of the program was to facilitate the emotional expression of traumatic experiences in order to prevent the development of future psychological problems. The intervention was based on a community-centred approach with spirituality as a central focus of the intervention.The Model of Human Occupation and the Occupational Performance Process Model were utilized to guide the identification and intervention of occupational performance issues.The children’s return from a land of war to a land of children demonstrates the potential of occupational therapy intervention in this field. With increasing awareness of populations facing social and political challenges, there is a growing importance of the concept of occupational justice and the need to work against occupational apartheid.Cet article décrit un programme de prévention en ergothérapie qui était destiné aux enfants ayant survécu au conflit du Kosovo. L’objectif du programme était d’aider les enfants à exprimer les émotions qu’ils avaient ressenties lors d’expériences traumatiques afin de prévenir l’apparition de problèmes psychologiques. L’intervention était basée sur une approche communautaire s’articulant autour de la spiritualité. Le Modèle de l’occupation humaine et le Modèle du processus d’intervention dans le rendement occupationnel ont été utilisés pour cibler les difficultés en matière de rendement occupationnel et pour déterminer les interventions requises. Le retour des enfants d’un monde de guerre vers le monde de l’enfance démontre la possibilité de proposer une intervention ergothérapique dans ce domaine. La conscientisation de plus en plus grand face à la détresse des populations confrontées à des problèmes politiques et sociaux entraîne une augmentation de l’importance du concept de la justice occupationnelle et du besoin de lutter contre l’apartheid occupationnel