2,446 research outputs found
Exact and Fast Numerical Algorithms for the Stochastic Wave Equation
On the basis of integral representations we propose fast numerical methods to solve the Cauchy problem for the stochastic wave equation without boundaries and with the Dirichlet boundary conditions. The algorithms are exact in a probabilistic sense
Theory of Spin Relaxation in Two-Electron Lateral Coupled Si/SiGe Quantum Dots
Highly accurate numerical results of phonon-induced two-electron spin
relaxation in silicon double quantum dots are presented. The relaxation,
enabled by spin-orbit coupling and the nuclei of Si (natural or purified
abundance), are investigated for experimentally relevant parameters, the
interdot coupling, the magnetic field magnitude and orientation, and the
detuning. We calculate relaxation rates for zero and finite temperatures (100
mK), concluding that our findings for zero temperature remain qualitatively
valid also for 100 mK. We confirm the same anisotropic switch of the axis of
prolonged spin lifetime with varying detuning as recently predicted in GaAs.
Conditions for possibly hyperfine-dominated relaxation are much more stringent
in Si than in GaAs. For experimentally relevant regimes, the spin-orbit
coupling, although weak, is the dominant contribution, yielding anisotropic
relaxation rates of at least two order of magnitude lower than in GaAs.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Glacial cycles promote greater dispersal, which can help explain larger clutch sizes, in north temperate birds
Earth’s glacial history and patterns in the life history traits of the planet’s avifauna suggest the following interpretations of how recent geological history has affected these key characteristics of the biota: 1) Increased colonizing ability has been an important advantage of increased dispersal, and life history strategies are better categorized by dispersive colonizing ability than by their intrinsic growth rates; 2) Birds of the North Temperate Zone show a greater tendency to disperse, and they disperse farther, than tropical or south temperate birds; 3) Habitat changes associated with glacial advance and retreat selected for high dispersal ability, particularly in the North; and 4) Selection for greater dispersal throughout the unstable Pleistocene has also resulted in other well-recognized life history contrasts, especially larger clutch sizes in birds of North Temperate areas
Apollonius and the Golden Fleece:: A neo-mythological screen legacy
A number of ancient poets and painters described or showed the Golden Fleece, one of the most intriguing supernatural objects in classical myth. But the poets were not as specific as their modern readers may wish. By contrast, cinema and television show the Fleece in all its specific aspects. Moving-image adaptations of classical myths always change their sources, a phenomenon usefully termed “neo-mythologism,” but they display the Fleece to good effect, if often in a variety of recreations. The seven European and American films examined here show us why the Fleece deserves the Homeric epithet thauma idesthai
The Roman salute: cinema, history, ideology
(print) xi, 223 p. : ll. ; 24 cm.Illustrations vii -- Acknowledgments xi -- Introduction 1 -- 1. History and Ideology : Half-Truths and Untruths 1 -- 2. Ideology and Spectacle : The Importance of Cinema 6 -- 3. About This Book 11 -- One Saluting Gestures in Roman Art and Literature 17 -- Two Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii 42 -- Three Raised-Arm Salutes in the United States before Fascism : From the Pledge of Allegiance to Ben-Hur on Stage 57 -- Four Early Cinema : American and European Epics 77 -- Five Cabiria : The Intersection of Cinema and Politics 94 -- 1. Gabriele D'Annunzio and Cabiria 95 -- 2. Fiume : The Roman Salute Becomes a Political Symbol 101 -- 3. From D'Annunzio to Mussolini 109 -- Six Nazi Cinema and Its Impact on Hollywood's Roman Epics : From Leni Riefenstahl to Quo Vadis 122 -- Seven Visual Legacies : Antiquity on the Screen -- from Quo Vadis to Rome 151 -- 1. Cinema : From Salome to Alexander 151 -- 2. Television : From Star Trek to Rome 169 -- Conclusion 178 -- Appendices 185 -- 1. Livy's Account of the Horatii and Curiatii 185 -- 2. The Roman Salute According to Il Capo-Squadra Balilla 190 -- 3. Modern Scholarship on Fascism, Nazism, and Classical Antiquity 192 -- Works Cited 195 -- Index of Film Titles 213 -- General Index 217Item embargoed for five year
The Locations of Gamma-Ray Bursts Measured by COMPTEL
The COMPTEL instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory is used to
measure the locations of gamma-ray bursts through direct imaging of MeV
photons. In a comprehensive search, we have detected and localized 29 bursts
observed between 1991 April 19 and 1995 May 31. The average location accuracy
of these events is 1.25\arcdeg (1), including a systematic error of
\sim0.5\arcdeg, which is verified through comparison with Interplanetary
Network (IPN) timing annuli. The combination of COMPTEL and IPN measurements
results in locations for 26 of the bursts with an average ``error box'' area of
only 0.3 deg (1). We find that the angular distribution of
COMPTEL burst locations is consistent with large-scale isotropy and that there
is no statistically significant evidence of small-angle auto-correlations. We
conclude that there is no compelling evidence for burst repetition since no
more than two of the events (or 7% of the 29 bursts) could possibly have
come from the same source. We also find that there is no significant
correlation between the burst locations and either Abell clusters of galaxies
or radio-quiet quasars. Agreement between individual COMPTEL locations and IPN
annuli places a lower limit of 100~AU (95% confidence) on the distance to
the stronger bursts.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 1998 Jan. 1,
Vol. 492. 33 pages, 9 figures, 5 table
Highly anisotropic g-factor of two-dimensional hole systems
Coupling the spin degree of freedom to the anisotropic orbital motion of
two-dimensional (2D) hole systems gives rise to a highly anisotropic Zeeman
splitting with respect to different orientations of an in-plane magnetic field
B relative to the crystal axes. This mechanism has no analogue in the bulk band
structure. We obtain good, qualitative agreement between theory and
experimental data, taken in GaAs 2D hole systems grown on (113) substrates,
showing the anisotropic depopulation of the upper spin subband as a function of
in-plane B.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Accurate quadratic-response approximation for the self-consistent pseudopotential of semiconductor nanostructures
Quadratic-response theory is shown to provide a conceptually simple but
accurate approximation for the self-consistent one-electron potential of
semiconductor nanostructures. Numerical examples are presented for GaAs/AlAs
and InGaAs/InP (001) superlattices using the local-density approximation to
density-functional theory and norm-conserving pseudopotentials without
spin-orbit coupling. When the reference crystal is chosen to be the
virtual-crystal average of the two bulk constituents, the absolute error in the
quadratic-response potential for Gamma(15) valence electrons is about 2 meV for
GaAs/AlAs and 5 meV for InGaAs/InP. Low-order multipole expansions of the
electron density and potential response are shown to be accurate throughout a
small neighborhood of each reciprocal lattice vector, thus providing a further
simplification that is confirmed to be valid for slowly varying envelope
functions. Although the linear response is about an order of magnitude larger
than the quadratic response, the quadratic terms are important both
quantitatively (if an accuracy of better than a few tens of meV is desired) and
qualitatively (due to their different symmetry and long-range dipole effects).Comment: 16 pages, 20 figures; v2: new section on limitations of theor
Bridging animal and clinical research during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A new-old challenge
Model animal; COVID-19; Recerca preclínicaModelo animal; COVID-19; Investigación preclínicaAnimal model; COVID-19; Pre-clinical researchMany milestones in medical history rest on animal modeling of human diseases. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has evoked a tremendous investigative effort primarily centered on clinical studies. However, several animal SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 models have been developed and pre-clinical findings aimed at supporting clinical evidence rapidly emerge. In this review, we characterize the existing animal models exposing their relevance and limitations as well as outline their utility in COVID-19 drug and vaccine development. Concurrently, we summarize the status of clinical trial research and discuss the novel tactics utilized in the largest multi-center trials aiming to accelerate generation of reliable results that may subsequently shape COVID-19 clinical treatment practices. We also highlight areas of improvement for animal studies in order to elevate their translational utility. In pandemics, to optimize the use of strained resources in a short time-frame, optimizing and strengthening the synergy between the preclinical and clinical domains is pivotal
Dust and grit matter: abrasives of different size lead to opposing dental microwear textures in experimentally fed sheep (Ovis aries)
External abrasives ingested along with the herbivore diet are considered main contributors to dental wear, though how the different sizes and concentrations of these abrasives influence wear remains unclear. Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) is an establishedmethod for dietary reconstructionwhich describes a tooth’s surface topography on a micrometre scale. The method has yielded conflicting results as to the effect of external abrasives. In the present study, a feeding experiment was performed on sheep (Ovis aries) fed seven diets of different abrasiveness. Our aim was to discern the individual effects of size (4, 50 and 130 μm) and concentration (0%,4% and 8% of dry matter) of abrasives on dental wear, applying DMTA to four tooth positions. Microwear textures differed between individual teeth, but surprisingly, showed no gradient along the molar tooth row, and the strongest differentiation of experimental groups was achieved when combining data of all maxillary molars. Overall, a pattern of increasing height, volume and complexity of the tooth’s microscopic surface appeared with increasing size of dietary abrasives, and when compared with the control, the small abrasive diets showed a polishing effect. The results indicate that the size of dietary abrasives is more important for dental microwear texture traces than their concentration, and that different sizes can have opposing effects on the dietary signal. The latter finding possibly explains conflicting evidence from previous experimental DMTA applications. Further exploration is required to understand whether and how microscopic traces created by abrasives translate quantitatively to tissue loss
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