63 research outputs found
VALIDATION OF AIRGIS - A GIS-BASED AIR POLLUTION AND HUMAN EXPOSURE MODELLING SYSTEM
Get PDFThis study describes in brief the latest extensions of the AirGIS system used in Denmark for exposure modelling and
gives results of a validation with measured air pollution data. The system shows a good performance for both long term averages
(annual and monthly averages) as well as short term averages (hourly and daily)
Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution Associated with Blood Pressure and Self-Reported Hypertension in a Danish Cohort
Get PDFBackground: Short-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with changes in blood pressure (BP) and emergency department visits for hypertension, but little is known about the effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on BP and hypertension
Personlig eksponering og sundhed for trafikskabt luftforurening
Get PDFUnder Det Strategiske Forskningsprogram (SMP98) er der afsluttet et delprojekt, som fokuserer pÄ udvikling af metoder til vurdering af individuel eksponering med luftforurening fra trafikken, og til at vurdere betydningen af denne forurening ogsÄ set i forhold til betydningen af indendÞrs luftforurening. Endvidere belyses eksponering-respons sammenhÊnge. I projektet gennemfÞres eksperimentelle studier af den personlige eksponering vha. luftkvalitetsudstyr samt biomarkÞrer. Et delformÄl med projektet har vÊret at udvikle en personlig eksponeringsmodel for trafikskabt luftforurening vha. luftkvalitetsmodeller, registerdata og GIS samt registrering af fÊrden vha. GPS. Denne korte artikel beskriver summarisk metode og resultater fra denne del af projektet
Exposure to road traffic and railway noise and associations with blood pressure and self-reported hypertension: a cohort study
Get PDF<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Epidemiological studies suggest that long-term exposure to transport noise increases the risk for cardiovascular disorders. The effect of transport noise on blood pressure and hypertension is uncertain.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In 1993-1997, 57,053 participants aged 50-64 year were enrolled in a population-based cohort study. At enrolment, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured. Incident hypertension during a mean follow-up of 5.3 years was assessed by questionnaire. Residential long-term road traffic noise (L<sub>den</sub>) was estimated for 1- and 5-year periods preceding enrolment and preceding diagnosis of hypertension. Residential exposure to railway noise was estimated at enrolment. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of associations between road traffic and railway noise and blood pressure at enrolment with linear regression, adjusting for long-term air pollution, meteorology and potential lifestyle confounders (N = 44,083). Incident self-reported hypertension was analyzed with Cox regression, adjusting for long-term air pollution and potential lifestyle confounders.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found a 0.26 mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure (95% confidence intervals (CI): -0.11; 0.63) per 10 dB(A) increase in 1-year mean road traffic noise levels, with stronger associations in men (0.59 mm Hg (CI: 0.13; 1.05) per 10 dB(A)) and older participants (0.65 mm Hg (0.08; 1.22) per 10 dB(A)). Road traffic noise was not associated with diastolic blood pressure or hypertension. Exposure to railway noise above 60 dB was associated with 8% higher risk for hypertension (95% CI: -2%; 19%, P = 0.11).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>While exposure to road traffic noise was associated with systolic blood pressure in subgroups, we were not able to identify associations with hypertension.</p
Air pollution from traffic and cancer incidence: a Danish cohort study
Get PDF<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vehicle engine exhaust includes ultrafine particles with a large surface area and containing absorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, transition metals and other substances. Ultrafine particles and soluble chemicals can be transported from the airways to other organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and brain. Our aim was to investigate whether air pollution from traffic is associated with risk for other cancers than lung cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We followed up 54,304 participants in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health cohort for 20 selected cancers in the Danish Cancer Registry, from enrolment in 1993-1997 until 2006, and traced their residential addresses from 1971 onwards in the Central Population Registry. We used modeled concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and amount of traffic at the residence as indicators of traffic-related air pollution and used Cox models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) after adjustment for potential confounders.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>NO<sub>x </sub>at the residence was significantly associated with risks for cervical cancer (IRR, 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01;5.93, per 100 ÎŒg/m<sup>3 </sup>NO<sub>x</sub>) and brain cancer (IRR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.25;4.19, per 100 ÎŒg/m<sup>3 </sup>NO<sub>x</sub>).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This hypothesis-generating study indicates that traffic-related air pollution might increase the risks for cervical and brain cancer, which should be tested in future studies.</p
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Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
Get PDFCirculating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health
Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
Get PDFCirculating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health
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