Ballistic aggregation: a solvable model of irreversible many particles dynamics

The adhesive dynamics of a one-dimensional aggregating gas of point particles is rigorously described. The infinite hierarchy of kinetic equations for the distributions of clusters of nearest neighbours is shown to be equivalent to a system of two coupled equations for a large class of initial conditions. The solution to these nonlinear equations is found by a direct construction of the relevant probability distributions in the limit of a continuous initial mass distribution. We show that those limiting distributions are identical to those of the statistics of shocks in the Burgers turbulence. The analysis relies on a mapping on a Brownian motion problem with parabolic constraints.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures include

Ethernet - a survey on its fields of application

During the last decades, Ethernet progressively became the most widely used local area networking (LAN) technology. Apart from LAN installations, Ethernet became also attractive for many other fields of application, ranging from industry to avionics, telecommunication, and multimedia. The expanded application of this technology is mainly due to its significant assets like reduced cost, backward-compatibility, flexibility, and expandability. However, this new trend raises some problems concerning the services of the protocol and the requirements for each application. Therefore, specific adaptations prove essential to integrate this communication technology in each field of application. Our primary objective is to show how Ethernet has been enhanced to comply with the specific requirements of several application fields, particularly in transport, embedded and multimedia contexts. The paper first describes the common Ethernet LAN technology and highlights its main features. It reviews the most important specific Ethernet versions with respect to each application field’s requirements. Finally, we compare these different fields of application and we particularly focus on the fundamental concepts and the quality of service capabilities of each proposal

Comment on: "Estimating the Hartree-Fock limit from finite basis set calculations" [Jensen F (2005) Theor Chem Acc 113:267]

We demonstrate that a minor modification of the extrapolation proposed by Jensen [(2005): Theor Chem Acc 113:267] yields very reliable estimates of the Hartree-Fock limit in conjunction with correlation consistent basis sets. Specifically, a two-point extrapolation of the form $E_{HF,L}=E_{HF,\infty}+A(L+1)\exp(-9\sqrt{L})$ yields HF limits $E_{HF,\infty}$ with an RMS error of 0.1 millihartree using aug-cc-pVQZ and aug-cc-pV5Z basis sets, and of 0.01 millihartree using aug-cc-pV5Z and aug-cc-pV6Z basis sets.Comment: Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, in pres

Uzroci varijabilnosti sadržaja biljci pristupačnog fosfora u tlu

Fosfor je esencijalni makroelement koji je s poljoprivrednog gledišta izrazito bitan za sam rast i razvoj bilja gdje ima ulogu u energetskim reakcijama u biljci, fotosintezi, respriraciji te transferu gena i hraniva i stoga je cilj proučiti prostornu varijabilnost biljci pristupačnog fosfora kako bi se omogućila kvalitetna opskrbljenost u određenim uvjetima primjenom stečenog znanja. Nedostatak fosfora odražava se na čitav rast i razvoj biljke, odgađa cvatnju i zriobu što može stvoriti štete u proizvodnji dok se kod dobre opskrbljenosti povećava prinos. Vodotopljivi fosfati su najmanje zastupljena frakcija fosfora u tlu. U vodenoj fazi tla nalazi se u prosjeku manje od 1 kg ha-1 fosfora, dok porastom njihove koncentracije (nakon gnojidbe) dolazi do brze transformacije u manje topljive oblike. Ta kritična koncentracija ravnoteže vodotopivih i manje topivih oblika fosfora ovisi prije svega o količini fosfora koja se već nalazi u tlu. Utvrđivanje te vrijednosti značajan je zadatak agrokemije jer ona pokazuje razinu raspoloživog fosfora za ishranu bilja nakon gnojidbe fosforom, odnosno stupanj njegove efikasnosti. Na opskrbljenost pojedinog tipa tla fosforom utječu: mineralni sastav i fizikalna svojstva tla, količina gline, pH i temperatura, a u velikoj mjeri pridonosi i antropogeni utjecaj. U kiselijim tlima često se javlja manjak fosfora, kalija, kalcija, magnezija i mangana. Postoji velika potreba da se istraži prostorna varijabilnost fizikalnih svojstava tla preciznijim tehnikama kako bi se oplemenili i podržali različiti načini korištenja poljoprivrednog zemljišta. Fizikalna svojstva tla bitan su faktor u varijabilnosti količine hraniva u biljci pristupačnom obliku. Količina organske tvari u tlu također može utjecati na količinu pristupačnog fosfora. Najčešće korištena metoda utvrđivanja biljci pristupačnog fosfora u Hrvatskoj je AL-metoda. Za izražavanje prostornih obrazaca varijabli okoliša često se koristi geostatistika, a kriging, kao najpoznatija interpolacijska metoda, korišten je više desetljeća kao sinonim za geostatističku interpolaciju i dokazao se stabilnim za procjenu vrijednosti na neuzorkovanim mjestima obrađujući okolne uzorkovane podatke u određenoj shemi.Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient, and from the agricultural point of view is extremely important for the growth and development of plants where it has part in energetic reactions, photosynthesis, respiration and transfer of genes and nutrients. Therefore the objective is to study spatial variability of the plant available phosphorus to enable the good supply in various conditions, using the acquired knowledge. Phosphorus deficiency affects to overall growth and development of the plant and delays flowering and maturations which can cause production faults, while during good supply the yield grows. Water-soluble phosphates are at least represented fraction of phosphorus in the soil. In the aqueous phase of the soil there is an average quantity of less than 1 kg ha-1 of phosphorus, while by increasing concentration (after fertilization) it is quickly transformed in less soluble forms. That critical concentration of water-soluble and less-soluble equilibrium especially depends on amount that is already in the soil. Definition of that amount is an important mission for agrochemistry because it shows the level of available phosphorus for plant nutrition after the fertilization or level of its efficiency. Factors of phosphorus supply in soils are: mineral composition, physical characteristics, amount of clay, pH and temperature, but there is also a large influence of humans. In acidic soils there is a lack of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese. There is a great need of exploration of physical characteristics spatial variability with more precise techniques to refine and support different ways of farmland usage. Physical characteristics are important factor that influences on amount of available phosphorus. Most common method of plant available phosphorus measurement in Croatia is an AL-method. Geostatistics is often used for representation of spatial patterns of environmental variables, and kriging, as the most famous interpolation method, has been used for decades as a synonym for geostatistic interpolation and was proved as stable for estimation of values of unsampled spots by processing the sampled data in determined pattern

Basovske uloge u operama Wolfganga Amadeusa Mozarta

Rad je napisan u svrhu skupljanja i opisivanja uloga za bas u operama Wolfganga Amadeusa Mozarta na jednom mjestu. Bavi se likovima, nabrajanjem scena i arijama te harmonijskom, melodijskom i analizom orkestracije u pojedinim slučajevima.This thesis has been written for purpose od collecting and describing roles for bass voice in operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It deals with characters, listing of scenes and arias and in some cases harmonic, melodic and orchestration analyses

Uzroci varijabilnosti sadržaja biljci pristupačnog fosfora u tlu

Fosfor je esencijalni makroelement koji je s poljoprivrednog gledišta izrazito bitan za sam rast i razvoj bilja gdje ima ulogu u energetskim reakcijama u biljci, fotosintezi, respriraciji te transferu gena i hraniva i stoga je cilj proučiti prostornu varijabilnost biljci pristupačnog fosfora kako bi se omogućila kvalitetna opskrbljenost u određenim uvjetima primjenom stečenog znanja. Nedostatak fosfora odražava se na čitav rast i razvoj biljke, odgađa cvatnju i zriobu što može stvoriti štete u proizvodnji dok se kod dobre opskrbljenosti povećava prinos. Vodotopljivi fosfati su najmanje zastupljena frakcija fosfora u tlu. U vodenoj fazi tla nalazi se u prosjeku manje od 1 kg ha-1 fosfora, dok porastom njihove koncentracije (nakon gnojidbe) dolazi do brze transformacije u manje topljive oblike. Ta kritična koncentracija ravnoteže vodotopivih i manje topivih oblika fosfora ovisi prije svega o količini fosfora koja se već nalazi u tlu. Utvrđivanje te vrijednosti značajan je zadatak agrokemije jer ona pokazuje razinu raspoloživog fosfora za ishranu bilja nakon gnojidbe fosforom, odnosno stupanj njegove efikasnosti. Na opskrbljenost pojedinog tipa tla fosforom utječu: mineralni sastav i fizikalna svojstva tla, količina gline, pH i temperatura, a u velikoj mjeri pridonosi i antropogeni utjecaj. U kiselijim tlima često se javlja manjak fosfora, kalija, kalcija, magnezija i mangana. Postoji velika potreba da se istraži prostorna varijabilnost fizikalnih svojstava tla preciznijim tehnikama kako bi se oplemenili i podržali različiti načini korištenja poljoprivrednog zemljišta. Fizikalna svojstva tla bitan su faktor u varijabilnosti količine hraniva u biljci pristupačnom obliku. Količina organske tvari u tlu također može utjecati na količinu pristupačnog fosfora. Najčešće korištena metoda utvrđivanja biljci pristupačnog fosfora u Hrvatskoj je AL-metoda. Za izražavanje prostornih obrazaca varijabli okoliša često se koristi geostatistika, a kriging, kao najpoznatija interpolacijska metoda, korišten je više desetljeća kao sinonim za geostatističku interpolaciju i dokazao se stabilnim za procjenu vrijednosti na neuzorkovanim mjestima obrađujući okolne uzorkovane podatke u određenoj shemi.Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient, and from the agricultural point of view is extremely important for the growth and development of plants where it has part in energetic reactions, photosynthesis, respiration and transfer of genes and nutrients. Therefore the objective is to study spatial variability of the plant available phosphorus to enable the good supply in various conditions, using the acquired knowledge. Phosphorus deficiency affects to overall growth and development of the plant and delays flowering and maturations which can cause production faults, while during good supply the yield grows. Water-soluble phosphates are at least represented fraction of phosphorus in the soil. In the aqueous phase of the soil there is an average quantity of less than 1 kg ha-1 of phosphorus, while by increasing concentration (after fertilization) it is quickly transformed in less soluble forms. That critical concentration of water-soluble and less-soluble equilibrium especially depends on amount that is already in the soil. Definition of that amount is an important mission for agrochemistry because it shows the level of available phosphorus for plant nutrition after the fertilization or level of its efficiency. Factors of phosphorus supply in soils are: mineral composition, physical characteristics, amount of clay, pH and temperature, but there is also a large influence of humans. In acidic soils there is a lack of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese. There is a great need of exploration of physical characteristics spatial variability with more precise techniques to refine and support different ways of farmland usage. Physical characteristics are important factor that influences on amount of available phosphorus. Most common method of plant available phosphorus measurement in Croatia is an AL-method. Geostatistics is often used for representation of spatial patterns of environmental variables, and kriging, as the most famous interpolation method, has been used for decades as a synonym for geostatistic interpolation and was proved as stable for estimation of values of unsampled spots by processing the sampled data in determined pattern

Basovske uloge u operama Wolfganga Amadeusa Mozarta

Rad je napisan u svrhu skupljanja i opisivanja uloga za bas u operama Wolfganga Amadeusa Mozarta na jednom mjestu. Bavi se likovima, nabrajanjem scena i arijama te harmonijskom, melodijskom i analizom orkestracije u pojedinim slučajevima.This thesis has been written for purpose od collecting and describing roles for bass voice in operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It deals with characters, listing of scenes and arias and in some cases harmonic, melodic and orchestration analyses

Using XML Vocabularies to Exploit Changing Business Models: The NewsML Experience

In 1998, Reuters committed resources to exploring the use of XML (Extensible Markup Language) as the foundation for their next-generation news content management system. This was in response to changes in the news industry business model resulting from changing value webs and content delivery methods. The result was ReutersNewsML, an XML vocabulary for wrapping news content items from multiple sources into a single package. In 1999 Reuters submitted the concept to the International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC), which managed the development of the NewsML specification. NewsML was ratified as an IPTC standard for the entire global news media industry in 2000. This paper explores the development of NewsML as an illustration of how XML standards can be exploited within complex business webs

Re-Engineering a Financial Information Supply Chain with XBRL: An Exploratuon of Cooperative IOS Deisgn and Development

Financial markets worldwide have been experiencing dramatic changes since the mid-1990s. It has been claimed that XBRL, an XML vocabulary for business reporting, is capable of introducing greater integration and transparency into financial information systems, and thus addressing some of the challenges presented by these changes. This paper presents an exploratory case study of the cooperative design, development and implementation of an XBRL-enabled inter-organisational system (IOS) by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), the Reserve Bank of Australia (central bank) and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to revolutionise reporting by financial institutions in Australia. The study describes how the three agencies modernised and harmonised reporting requirements through a gradual review of the reporting returns required by each agency. This harmonisation enabled the reengineering of the reporting process, as each financial institution now has to submit just one set of figures to meet the needs of all three agencies. The findings illustrate that the complexity of data consumption patterns drove increased interdependence within the financial information supply chain requiring the co-operative development of context sensitive data exchanges and commodity-like IT infrastructures. The paper concludes that the co-operative approach to IOS development exhibited in this study is likely to be more suited to the development of XBRL-enabled systems for financial information supply chains than the ‘hub and spoke’ model characteristic of IOS developments in other industrial sectors

Complexity and Context: Emerging Forms of Collaborative Inter-Organizational Systems

The paper analyses the collaborative development of emergent IOS in three data intensive industry sectors (telecommunications, news media, and financial services). The findings reveal that environmental complexities (the complexity of data consumption patterns and increased interdependence within value webs) require context-sensitive value exchanges operationalised within co-operatively developed commodity-like IT infrastructures. The paper concludes by examining the implications of the study findings for developing IOS to support pooled, sequential, and reciprocal inter-organisational interdependencies