Analysis of the Gut-Brain Axis in Aging: Implications in Alzheimer Disease

The gut microbiome is comprised of the shared genome of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal ecosystem. The interaction between the host and its gut microbiome, the Gut-Bran Axis (GBA), is a complex relationship whose management could prove critical to preventing or treating not only various gut disorders, like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or behavioral health disorders such as general depression and anxiety, but also central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as Alzheimer\u27s (AD) and Parkinson\u27s (PD) diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the gut microbiome, how it is connected to the development of disease pathology and to identify the bacterial and biochemical targets/pathways that should be the focus of future research. In identifying, exploring, and understanding the mechanisms behind the activity and propagation of the gut microbiome, this will provide us new insights that are likely to pave the way for increased novel therapeutic strategies

Human Dorset Remains from Igloolik, Canada

Skeletal remains of four Dorset Palaeo-Eskimo individuals were found at Alarnerk (NhHd-1), Melville Peninsula, in 1954 by the joint Danish National Museum-University of Pennsylvania Expedition, which was excavating Dorset and pre-Dorset sites. These remains included one complete mandible, two fragmentary mandibles, and a cranial fragment. One of the mandibular fragments, found in a grave, was from a child approximately nine months old. The other remains were found in middens at the site. These remains add to the otherwise very sparse Dorset human material. Analysis of the dental morphology, as well as morphometric analysis of the complete mandible, shows Eskimoid characters and resemblance with later period Greenlandic human skeletal remains.En 1954, à Alarnerk (NhHd-1) dans la péninsule de Melville, l'expédition menée conjointement par le Musée national du Danemark et l'université de Pennsylvanie pour effectuer des fouilles sur des sites de culture dorset et pré-dorset, a mis au jour des restes humains appartenant à quatre individus du paléo-esquimau du Dorset. Ces restes comprenaient une mâchoire inférieure complète, deux mâchoires inférieures partielles et un fragment de crâne. L'un des fragments mandibulaires, trouvé dans une sépulture, appartenait à un enfant âgé d'environ neuf mois. Les autres restes ont été découverts dans des tertres localisés sur le site. Ces restes viennent s'ajouter aux très rares éléments humains du Dorset déjà mis au jour. L'analyse de la morphologie dentaire du mandibule complet, ainsi que son analyse morphométrique, révèle des caractères esquimoïdes et une ressemblance avec des restes de squelettes humains groenlandais datant d'une période postérieure