The becoming of a credit policy focused on housing demand: The Pro.Cre.Ar during three government periods (2012-2022)

Nos proponemos comparar el derrotero histórico Programa de Crédito Argentino del Bicentenario para la Vivienda Única y Familiar durante los últimos tres periodos gubernamentales. Para ello, nos valemos de distintas fuentes secundarias como pliegos de bases y condiciones, normativas, informes de instituciones gubernamentales, notas periodísticas, entre otras. Marcando continuidades y discontinuidades señalamos que se pasa de un mayor dinamismo en la construcción a favorecer al mercado inmobiliario a través de la adquisición de viviendas tanto nuevas como usada y finalmente volver a la construcción pero dirigida a desarrollos urbanísticos y a la generación de lotes con servicios en el marco del Plan Nacional de Suelo Urbano. Este último, podría significar una iniciativa próspera para intervenir en torno a los precios del suelo aunque obstaculizado por mezquindades políticas. Durante todo el desarrollo del programa se anunció una cantidad de obras superior al que finalmente se concretó y se dejó por fuera a la población en informalidad laboral. Se generaron conflictos con el paso de cuotas subsidiadas a cuotas indexadas atadas a la inflación y posteriormente a la variación salarial. Desde el 2016 a la actualidad, parece existir un acuerdo sobre la inviabilidad de volver a los créditos subsidiados del primer periodo, en un contexto de crisis económica y de ajuste a la clase trabajadora.We aim to compare the historical trajectory of the Argentine Bicentennial Credit Program for Single and Family Housing during the last three government periods. To do so, we rely on various secondary sources such as contract specifications, regulations, reports from government institutions, news articles, among others. By highlighting continuities and discontinuities, we note a shift from a greater dynamism in construction to favoring the real estate market through the acquisition of both new and used homes, and finally returning to construction focused on urban developments and the creation of serviced lots within the framework of the National Urban Land Plan. The latter could signify a promising initiative to intervene in land prices, albeit hindered by political narrow-mindedness. Throughout the program’s development, a higher number of projects were announced than those that were ultimately realized, and the population in informal employment was excluded. Conflicts arose during the transition from subsidized installments to indexed installments tied to inflation and later to wage variations. Since 2016 to the present, there seems to be an agreement on the infeasibility of returning to subsidized loans from the first period, within the context of an economic crisis and austerity measures affecting the working class.Fil: Sar Moreno, Cristian Leonardo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Arrache, Martin. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentin

Revisiting the etiological aspects of dissociative identity disorder : a biopsychosocial perspective

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a chronic post-traumatic disorder where developmentally stressful events in childhood, including abuse, emotional neglect, disturbed attachment, and boundary violations are central and typical etiological factors. Familial, societal, and cultural factors may give rise to the trauma and/or they may influence the expression of DID. Memory and the construction of self-identity are cognitive processes that appear markedly and centrally disrupted in DID and are related to its etiology. Enduring decoupling of psychological modes may create separate senses of self, and metamemory processes may be involved in interidentity amnesia. Neurobiological differences have been demonstrated between dissociative identities within patients with DID and between patients with DID and controls. Given the current evidence, DID as a diagnostic entity cannot be explained as a phenomenon created by iatrogenic influences, suggestibility, malingering, or social role-taking. On the contrary, DID is an empirically robust chronic psychiatric disorder based on neurobiological, cognitive, and interpersonal non-integration as a response to unbearable stress. While current evidence is sufficient to firmly establish this etiological stance, given the wide opportunities for innovative research, the disorder is still understudied. Comparison of well-selected samples of DID patients with non-dissociative subjects who have other psychiatric disorders would further delineate the neurobiological and cognitive features of the disorder, whereas genetic research on DID would further illuminate the interaction of the individual with environmental stress. As such, DID may be seen as an exemplary disease model of the biopsychosocial paradigm in psychiatry.https://www.dovepress.com/psychology-research-and-behavior-management-journalhj2017Psychiatr

The becoming of a credit policy focused on housing demand: The Pro.Cre.Ar during three government periods (2012-2022)

Nos proponemos comparar el derrotero histórico Programa de Crédito Argentino del Bicentenario para la Vivienda Única y Familiar durante los últimos tres periodos gubernamentales. Para ello, nos valemos de distintas fuentes secundarias como pliegos de bases y condiciones, normativas, informes de instituciones gubernamentales, notas periodísticas, entre otras. Marcando continuidades y discontinuidades señalamos que se pasa de un mayor dinamismo en la construcción a favorecer al mercado inmobiliario a través de la adquisición de viviendas tanto nuevas como usada y finalmente volver a la construcción pero dirigida a desarrollos urbanísticos y a la generación de lotes con servicios en el marco del Plan Nacional de Suelo Urbano. Este último, podría significar una iniciativa próspera para intervenir en torno a los precios del suelo aunque obstaculizado por mezquindades políticas. Durante todo el desarrollo del programa se anunció una cantidad de obras superior al que finalmente se concretó y se dejó por fuera a la población en informalidad laboral. Se generaron conflictos con el paso de cuotas subsidiadas a cuotas indexadas atadas a la inflación y posteriormente a la variación salarial. Desde el 2016 a la actualidad, parece existir un acuerdo sobre la inviabilidad de volver a los créditos subsidiados del primer periodo, en un contexto de crisis económica y de ajuste a la clase trabajadora.We aim to compare the historical trajectory of the Argentine Bicentennial Credit Program for Single and Family Housing during the last three government periods. To do so, we rely on various secondary sources such as contract specifications, regulations, reports from government institutions, news articles, among others. By highlighting continuities and discontinuities, we note a shift from a greater dynamism in construction to favoring the real estate market through the acquisition of both new and used homes, and finally returning to construction focused on urban developments and the creation of serviced lots within the framework of the National Urban Land Plan. The latter could signify a promising initiative to intervene in land prices, albeit hindered by political narrow-mindedness. Throughout the program’s development, a higher number of projects were announced than those that were ultimately realized, and the population in informal employment was excluded. Conflicts arose during the transition from subsidized installments to indexed installments tied to inflation and later to wage variations. Since 2016 to the present, there seems to be an agreement on the infeasibility of returning to subsidized loans from the first period, within the context of an economic crisis and austerity measures affecting the working class.Fil: Sar Moreno, Cristian Leonardo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Arrache, Martin. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentin

Bacterial response to graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide integrated in agar plates

There are contradictory reports in the literature regarding the anti-bacterial activity of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This controversy is mostly due to variations in key parameters of the reported experiments, like: type of substrate, form of graphene, number of layers, type of solvent and most importantly, type of bacteria. Here, we present experimental data related to bacterial response to GO and rGO integrated in solid agar-based nutrient plates-a standard set-up for bacterial growth that is widely used by microbiologists. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were used for testing bacterial growth. We observed that plate-integrated rGO showed strong anti-bacterial activity against both bacterial species. By contrast, plate-integrated GO was harmless to both bacteria. These results reinforce the notion that the response of bacteria depends critically on the type of graphene material used and can vary dramatically from one bacterial strain to another, depending on bacterial physiology

Sociocognitive and posttraumatic models of dissociation are not opposed

No Abstracthttp://www.jonmd.comhb201

Asociaciones macrobentónicas con presencia de mitílidos de la bahía San Julián (Patagonia austral, Argentina)

The macrobenthic assemblages with mytilids of San Julián bay (Southern Patagonia; Argentina) were sampled in summer 2007 to know its structure; diversity and distribution; and to determine their relationship to different environmental factors. The study was conducted in 3 locations with different types of substrate and slope. Sampling at each site was performed in a transect to cover different levels of intertidal and shallow subtidal. A total of 46 species belonging mainly to molluscs (20); crustaceans (12) and polychaetes (10) were found. Three main macrofaunal assemblages were identified. Platynereis-Clunio- Darina assemblage was distributed in the upper intertidal of muddy and gentle slopes substrate; and had the lowest values of number of species; diversity and abundance of individuals. The Mytilus-Perumytilus assemblage was distributed in the middle and lower intertidal levels in rocky substrate or muddy substrate with abundant support elements and medium slope. This assemblage presented intermediate values of diversity and greater abundance of individuals. The Aulacomya-Exosphaeroma assemblage had the highest number of species and the greatest diversity; but low abundance of individuals; being related to rocky substrate or muddy substrate with support elements and low slopes in the upper subtidal. Species richness and diversity of these assemblages increases from the upper intertidal to subtidal; possibly because of a complex gradient of stress; mainly caused by desiccation and exposure to extreme temperatures.Las asociaciones de macrobentos con presencia de mitílidos de la bahía San Julián (Patagonia austral, Argentina) fueron muestreadas durante el verano de 2007 para conocer su estructura, diversidad y distribución, y para determinar su relación con diversos factores ambientales. El estudio fue realizado en 3 localidades con diferentes tipos de sustrato y distinta pendiente. El muestreo en cada localidad se realizó en una transecta abarcando diferentes niveles del intermareal y del submareal somero. Se hallaron un total de 46 especies pertenecientes principalmente a moluscos (20), crustáceos (12) y poliquetos (10). Se identificaron 3 asociaciones principales: la asociación Platynereis-Clunio-Darina se distribuyó en el nivel intermareal superior de sustrato fangoso y pendientes suaves y presentó los valores más bajos de número de especies, de diversidad específica y de abundancia de individuos; la asociación Mytilus-Perumytilus se distribuyó en los niveles intermareales medio e inferior en sustrato rocoso o en sustrato fangoso con abundantes elementos de soporte y pendiente media; presentó diversidad específica intermedia y la mayor abundancia de individuos; la asociación Aulacomya-Exosphaeroma presentó el mayor número de especies y la mayor diversidad, pero baja abundancia de individuos, encontrándose relacionado a sustratos rocosos o sustratos fangosos con elementos de soporte y baja pendiente del submareal superior. La riqueza específica y la diversidad de estas asociaciones aumentan desde el nivel superior del intermareal hacia el submareal, posiblemente por efecto de un gradiente complejo de estrés, principalmente ocasionado por la desecación y exposición a temperaturas extremas

Implications of a High-Mass Diphoton Resonance for Heavy Quark Searches

Heavy vector-like quarks coupled to a scalar $S$ will induce a coupling of this scalar to gluons and possibly (if electrically charged) photons. The decay of the heavy quark into $Sq$, with $q$ being a Standard Model quark, provides, if kinematically allowed, new channels for heavy quark searches. Inspired by naturalness considerations, we consider the case of a vector-like partner of the top quark. For illustration, we show that a singlet partner can be searched for at the 13$\,$TeV LHC through its decay into a scalar resonance in the $2\gamma+\ell + X$ final states, especially if the diphoton branching ratio of the scalar $S$ is further enhanced by the contribution of non coloured particles. We then show that conventional heavy quark searches are also sensitive to this new decay mode, when $S$ decays hadronically, by slightly tightening the current selection cuts. Finally, we comment about the possibility of disentangling, by scrutinising appropriate kinematic distributions, heavy quark decays to $St$ from other standard decay modes.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures and 1 table; v3: typos fixed. Matches published versio

Nanomechanical probing and strain tuning of the Curie temperature in suspended Cr2Ge2Te6-based heterostructures

Two-dimensional magnetic materials with strong magnetostriction are attractive systems for realizing strain-tuning of the magnetization in spintronic and nanomagnetic devices. This requires an understanding of the magneto-mechanical coupling in these materials. In this work, we suspend thin Cr2Ge2Te6 layers and their heterostructures, creating ferromagnetic nanomechanical membrane resonators. We probe their mechanical and magnetic properties as a function of temperature and strain by observing magneto-elastic signatures in the temperature-dependent resonance frequency near the Curie temperature, TC. We compensate for the negative thermal expansion coefficient of Cr2Ge2Te6 by fabricating heterostructures with thin layers of WSe2 and antiferromagnetic FePS3, which have positive thermal expansion coefficients. Thus we demonstrate the possibility of probing multiple magnetic phase transitions in a single heterostructure. Finally, we demonstrate a strain-induced enhancement of TC in a suspended Cr2Ge2Te6-based heterostructure by 2.5 ± 0.6 K by applying a strain of 0.026% via electrostatic force

Salt marshes of the south of Santa Cruz, southern Patagonia, Argentina

La zona costera de la Patagonia austral, caracterizada por un régimen macromareal, permite el desarrollo de extensas marismas tanto en estuarios como en bahías, que han sido muy poco estudiadas. Con el objetivo de caracterizar las marismas del sur de Santa Cruz, identificar las principales asociaciones vegetales que las componen y analizar las variaciones de la biomasa vegetal en relación al nivel de marea y la época del año, se realizaron muestreos en primavera (noviembre 2015), verano (febrero 2016) e invierno (agosto de 2016) en la bahía San Julián y los estuarios de los ríos Santa Cruz, Coyle y Gallegos. Los muestreos se realizaron empleando un diseño aleatorio estratificado, dividiendo la marisma en tres niveles: alta, media y baja. Se recolectaron seis muestras de 0,25 m2 en cada nivel y se determinó el porcentaje de cobertura de cada especie y su biomasa aérea (peso seco). Se determinó también la granulometría y la materia orgánica del sedimento (%). Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA factorial (sitios, nivel, estación del año). El sustrato en todas las localidades y niveles estuvo constituido principalmente por limos-arcillas (54 a 88%) y arena fina (20 a 44%). La materia orgánica varió entre 4,5 y 7,1%. Se registraron cinco especies vegetales: Sarcocornia perennis, Puccinellia glaucescens, Suaeda argentinensis, Limonium brasiliense y Spartina sp. S. perennis fue la especie dominante en casi todos los sitios y niveles, con excepción de la marisma alta y la marisma media de Bahía San Julián, donde codomina junto a Limonium brasiliense, y la marisma baja del estuario del río Santa Cruz, donde codomina junto a Spartina sp. La biomasa vegetal aérea total alcanzó su valor máximo (1700 g m-2) durante el verano en la marisma baja del estuario del río Gallegos y correspondió en su totalidad a S. perennis. El valor más bajo de biomasa total (177 g m-2) fue registrado en la marisma alta de Bahía San Julián durante el invierno y correspondió en un 33,8% a S. perennis. La cobertura de S. perennis varió entre 23 y 100%, siendo siempre mayor en la marisma baja. Spartina sp. se encontró únicamente en la marisma baja del estuario del río Santa Cruz, sitio que constituye el registro más austral para esta halófita en la costa Argentina.The coastal zone of southern Patagonia, characterized by a macrotidal regime, allows the development of extensive salt marshes in estuaries and bays, which have been little studied. In order to characterize the marshes of the south of Santa Cruz, identify the main vegetal assemblages and analyze the variations of the vegetal biomass in relation to the tidal level and the time of the year, three samplings were carried out in spring (November 2015), summer (February 2016) and winter (August 2016) in San Julián Bay and the estuaries of the Santa Cruz, Coyle and Gallegos rivers. The samplings were performed using a stratified random design, dividing the salt marsh into three levels: high, middle and low. Six samples of 0.25 m2 were collected at each level, and the percentage of coverage of each species and its aerial biomass (dry weight) was determined. Substrate grain size and organic matter content of the sediment (%) were also determined. The data were analyzed by factorial ANOVA (locality, level, and season of the year). The substrate in all localities and levels consisted mainly of silt-clays (54 to 88%) and fine sand (20 to 44%). Organic matter content varied between 4.5 and 7.1%. Five plant species were recorded: Sarcocornia perennis, Puccinellia glaucescens, Suaeda argentinensis, Limonium brasiliense and Spartina sp. S. perennis was the dominant species in almost all localities and levels, with the exception of the high and the middle saltmarsh of San Julián Bay, where it codominates with Limonium brasiliense, and the low marsh of the estuary of the Santa Cruz River, where it codominates together with Spartina sp. The total aerial vegetation biomass reached its maximum value (1700 g m-2) during the summer in the low marsh of the estuary of the Gallegos river; all the biomass corresponded to S. perennis. The lowest value of total biomass (177 g m-2) was recorded in the high marsh of San Julián Bay during the winter and corresponded in 33.8% to S. perennis. The coverage of S. perennis varied between 23 and 100%, being always higher in the low marsh. Spartina sp. was found only in the low marsh of the estuary of the Santa Cruz River, site that constitutes the southernmost record for this halophyte on the Argentina coast.Fil: Martin, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica San Julián; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Lizarralde, Zulma Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; ArgentinaFil: Sar, Alicia Manuela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica San Julián; ArgentinaFil: Pittaluga, Teresa Susana. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Perroni, Mario Oscar. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Santiago Hernan. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica San Julián; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; Argentin