Quantum identification system

A secure quantum identification system combining a classical identification procedure and quantum key distribution is proposed. Each identification sequence is always used just once and new sequences are ``refuelled'' from a shared provably secret key transferred through the quantum channel. Two identification protocols are devised. The first protocol can be applied when legitimate users have an unjammable public channel at their disposal. The deception probability is derived for the case of a noisy quantum channel. The second protocol employs unconditionally secure authentication of information sent over the public channel, and thus it can be applied even in the case when an adversary is allowed to modify public communications. An experimental realization of a quantum identification system is described.Comment: RevTeX, 4 postscript figures, 9 pages, submitted to Physical Review

Comparative Study of Two Monoterpenes Effect on Rhipicephalus microplus Tick

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most important ectoparasites for livestock in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. This tick hurts the economy of the milk and meat production chain. In addition, it constitutes a vector for the transmission of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis pathogens. The control of R. microplus populations is mainly based on the use of synthetic acaricides. However, using this control method presents a danger to humans and the environment and leads to the emergence of resistant tick populations. In this situation, searching for ecological and effective control alternatives is essential. Thus, plant extracts constitute a promising solution, particularly essential oils and their active compounds. Thus, the present study aims to assess the acaricidal activity of two monoterpenes (Thymol and 1.8 cineole) abundantly found in essential oils to find an alternative to synthetic acaricides. The acaricidal activity was determined according to the method of larval immersion test (LIT). Eight concentrations were tested and R software version 4.0.3 was used for data analysis. Results showed 100 % larval mortality rates for the two monoterpenes with LC50 and LC90 values of (0.28 and 0.64) and (0.64 and 2.66) respectively, for thymol and 1.8 cineole for the immersion time of 5 min. For 10 min of immersion, all LC values decreased for the two monoterpenes. These findings highlight the potential of the thymol and 1.8 cineole as an alternative for managing R. microplus tick

Comparative Study of Two Monoterpenes Effect on Rhipicephalus microplus Tick

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most important ectoparasites for livestock in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. This tick hurts the economy of the milk and meat production chain. In addition, it constitutes a vector for the transmission of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis pathogens. The control of R. microplus populations is mainly based on the use of synthetic acaricides. However, using this control method presents a danger to humans and the environment and leads to the emergence of resistant tick populations. In this situation, searching for ecological and effective control alternatives is essential. Thus, plant extracts constitute a promising solution, particularly essential oils and their active compounds. Thus, the present study aims to assess the acaricidal activity of two monoterpenes (Thymol and 1.8 cineole) abundantly found in essential oils to find an alternative to synthetic acaricides. The acaricidal activity was determined according to the method of larval immersion test (LIT). Eight concentrations were tested and R software version 4.0.3 was used for data analysis. Results showed 100 % larval mortality rates for the two monoterpenes with LC50 and LC90 values of (0.28 and 0.64) and (0.64 and 2.66) respectively, for thymol and 1.8 cineole for the immersion time of 5 min. For 10 min of immersion, all LC values decreased for the two monoterpenes. These findings highlight the potential of the thymol and 1.8 cineole as an alternative for managing R. microplus tick

Yeast Chemogenetic Screening as a Tool to Unravel the Antifungal Mode of Action of Two Selected Selenocyanates

During recent decades, selenium-containing compounds, as with the chemically similar sulfur-containing compounds, have gained considerable interest as cytotoxic and anticancer agents. Selenocyanates represent a well-established class of organic selenium compounds. These agents exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Classically, selenocyanates may cause an increase in the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exert cytotoxic activities, thus, acting as pro-oxidants. In this study, chemogenetic profiling was carried out to decipher the resistance mechanisms as central part of the antifungal mode of action against two selected selenocyanates. If a mutant line is less resistant against a compound compared to the wildtype, the gene deleted in that strain seems to be correlated with the resistance. Yeast mutants carrying gene deletions for specific redox-related protein function were employed in the chemogenetic screening. The results of screening reveal the hypersensitivity of mutants carrying deletions for glutathione pool and metabolism. To confirm the results, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in glutathione were subjected to various concentrations of selenocyanates to observe their effects on mutants and the wildtype. A significant dose dependent inhibition in Arabidopsis mutants compared to the wildtype confirmed the findings of the chemogenetic screening. The data suggest that the two representatives of organoselenium compounds cause oxidative stress in yeast cells and glutathione participates towards the development of resistance against the chemicals

Comparative Study of Two Monoterpenes Effect on Rhipicephalus microplus Tick

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most important ectoparasites for livestock in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. This tick hurts the economy of the milk and meat production chain. In addition, it constitutes a vector for the transmission of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis pathogens. The control of R. microplus populations is mainly based on the use of synthetic acaricides. However, using this control method presents a danger to humans and the environment and leads to the emergence of resistant tick populations. In this situation, searching for ecological and effective control alternatives is essential. Thus, plant extracts constitute a promising solution, particularly essential oils and their active compounds. Thus, the present study aims to assess the acaricidal activity of two monoterpenes (Thymol and 1.8 cineole) abundantly found in essential oils to find an alternative to synthetic acaricides. The acaricidal activity was determined according to the method of larval immersion test (LIT). Eight concentrations were tested and R software version 4.0.3 was used for data analysis. Results showed 100 % larval mortality rates for the two monoterpenes with LC50 and LC90 values of (0.28 and 0.64) and (0.64 and 2.66) respectively, for thymol and 1.8 cineole for the immersion time of 5 min. For 10 min of immersion, all LC values decreased for the two monoterpenes. These findings highlight the potential of the thymol and 1.8 cineole as an alternative for managing R. microplus tick

Entangled graphs: Bipartite entanglement in multi-qubit systems

Quantum entanglement in multipartite systems cannot be shared freely. In order to illuminate basic rules of entanglement sharing between qubits we introduce a concept of an entangled structure (graph) such that each qubit of a multipartite system is associated with a point (vertex) while a bi-partite entanglement between two specific qubits is represented by a connection (edge) between these points. We prove that any such entangled structure can be associated with a pure state of a multi-qubit system. Moreover, we show that a pure state corresponding to a given entangled structure is a superposition of vectors from a subspace of the $2^N$-dimensional Hilbert space, whose dimension grows linearly with the number of entangled pairs.Comment: 6 revtex pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

A reversible theory of entanglement and its relation to the second law

We consider the manipulation of multipartite entangled states in the limit of many copies under quantum operations that asymptotically cannot generate entanglement. As announced in [Brandao and Plenio, Nature Physics 4, 8 (2008)], and in stark contrast to the manipulation of entanglement under local operations and classical communication, the entanglement shared by two or more parties can be reversibly interconverted in this setting. The unique entanglement measure is identified as the regularized relative entropy of entanglement, which is shown to be equal to a regularized and smoothed version of the logarithmic robustness of entanglement. Here we give a rigorous proof of this result, which is fundamentally based on a certain recent extension of quantum Stein's Lemma proved in [Brandao and Plenio, Commun. Math. 295, 791 (2010)], giving the best measurement strategy for discriminating several copies of an entangled state from an arbitrary sequence of non-entangled states, with an optimal distinguishability rate equal to the regularized relative entropy of entanglement. We moreover analyse the connection of our approach to axiomatic formulations of the second law of thermodynamics.Comment: 21 pages. revised versio

Wind-Wave induced velocity in ATI SAR Ocean Surface Currents: First experimental evidence from an airborne campaign

Conventional and along-track interferometric (ATI) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sense the motion of the ocean surface by measuring the Doppler shift of reflected signals. Measurements are affected by a Wind-wave induced Artefact Surface Velocity (WASV) which was modelled theoretically in past studies and has been estimated empirically only once before with Envisat ASAR by Mouche et al., (2012). An airborne campaign in the tidally dominated Irish Sea served to evaluate this effect and the current retrieval capabilities of a dual-beam SAR interferometer known as Wavemill. A comprehensive collection of Wavemill airborne data acquired in a star pattern over a well-instrumented validation site made it possible for the first time to estimate the magnitude of the WASV, and its dependence on azimuth and incidence angle from data alone. In light wind (5.5 m/s) and moderate current (0.7 m/s) conditions, the wind-wave induced contribution to the measured ocean surface motion reaches up to 1.6 m/s upwind, with a well-defined 2nd order harmonic dependence on direction to the wind. The magnitude of the WASV is found to be larger at lower incidence angles. The airborne WASV results show excellent consistency with the empirical WASV estimated from Envisat ASAR. These results confirm that SAR and ATI surface velocity estimates are strongly affected by WASV and that the WASV can be well characterized with knowledge of the wind knowledge and of the geometry. These airborne results provide the first independent validation of Mouche et al., 2012, and confirm that the empirical model they propose provides the means to correct airborne and spaceborne SAR and ATI SAR data for WASV to obtain accurate ocean surface current measurements. After removing the WASV, the airborne Wavemill retrieved currents show very good agreement against ADCP measurements with a root mean square error (RMSE) typically around 0.1 m/s in velocity and 10° in direction

A Tricky One: Barriers to Non-opioid Pain Management in University Healthcare

We explored palliation practices and experiences among providers at university campus health centers to assess the availability and viability of non-opioid options for student patients. We interviewed 10 healthcare providers at the campus health center for a large research university in the southeastern United States. Data were collected via semi- structured interviews. Analyses of interview transcripts were performed via content analysis with open coding. We identified multiple barriers to non-opioid pain management. Non-opioid modalities were more likely to receive no insurance subsidy, and thus, to go unused even if clinically indicated. Providers also reported high levels of concern with potential opioid dependency, as well as interest in safer options for long-term palliation. Contextualizing results from our case study with prior literature from other care settings suggests that lack of access to non-opioid options presents challenges for university students who live with chronic pain