Skin Stem Cell Resource Potential for Peripheral Nerve Repair Due to trauma of post regional anasthesia

This study is undertaken to investigate the utilization of rabbit skin to be used as a source of stem cell, especially stem cells that is derived from the skin, to provide the healing and connection of damaged peripheral nerves. Based on the existing studies, there are many failures in the healing and connection of nerve due to trauma after regional anesthesia, and there is an opportunity that stem cells from the skin is potential to help the process of healing and even improvement in the failure of nerve grafting. 24 rabbits is used as experimental animals in this research. The 24 rabbit devided into 2 groups, the first group is a control group without suplementary therapy of rabbit skin stem cells, and the second group is the treated group that given rabbit skin stem cell as a supplementary therapy to treat the peripheral nerve damage post ansthesia. The result of this study shows that there is a significant differences between control and treated group. Statistical analysis was performed by using reliability test  - intraclass correlation coefficient to assess interobserver variation and investigate the correlation. Keywords : Stem Cell, Skin, Peripheral Nerve, Nerve Repair

Imunogenisitas Virus Infectious Bronchitis Strain Lokal dan Massachusetts

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan potensi imunogenisitas antara antigen whole virus dan antigen protein S dari strain local I-147 dengan strain Massachusetts virus Infectious bronchitis menggunakan uji indirect ELISA. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 24 mencit yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan yaitu: P1) kelompok mencit yang divaksin menggunakan protein S (spike glycoprotein) dari strain local virus Infectious bronchitis; P2) kelompok mencit yang divaksin menggunakan protein S (spike glycoprotein) dari strain Massachusetts virus Infectious bronchitis; P3) kelompok mencit yang divaksin menggunakan whole virus dari strain lokal virus Infectious bronchitis; P4) kelompok mencit yang divaksin menggunakan whole virus dari strain Massachusetts virus Infectious bronchitis. Darah mencit diambil pada minggu ke-2 dan ke-4 pasca vaksinasi untuk diperiksa seumnya menggunakan uji indirect ELISA. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini berupa nilai Optical Density (OD) pada masing-masing perlakuan, yang selanjutnya dianalisa menggunakan One Way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test 5% dan uji T. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan titer antibodi antara kelompok mencit yang divaksin menggunakan whole virus dan protein S pada kedua strain virus Infectious bronchitis. Nilai OD whole virus pada kedua strain memiliki perbedaan yang nyata dengan nilai OD antigen protein S pada kedua strain baik pada serum yang diambil pada minggu ke-2 maupun minggu ke-4 pasca vaksin. Kata kunci: penyakit unggas, Infectious Bronchitis, S Protein, whole virus, imunogenisita

Immunobioinformatics analysis and phylogenetic tree construction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Indonesia: spike glycoprotein gene

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread worldwide and as a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic. At present, there are no approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict epitope-based vaccines using bioinformatics approaches and phylogenetic tree construction of SARS-CoV-2 against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we employed 27 isolates of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein genes retrieved from GenBank® (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) and the GISAID EpiCoV™ Database (Germany). We analyzed the candidate epitopes using the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. Furthermore, we performed a protective antigen prediction with VaxiJen 2.0. Data for B-cell epitope prediction, protective antigen prediction, and the underlying phylogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained in this research. Therefore, these data could be used to design an epitope-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. However, the advanced study is recommended for confirmation (in vitro and in vivo)

Immunogenicity of Local and Massachusetts Strains Infectious Bronchitis Virus

This study aimed to compare the immunogenicity between the whole virus and protein S of both local strain I-147 and Massachusetts strain of Infectious bronchitis virus with indirect ELISA. 24 healthy mice are divided into four groups with six mice in each group that are: P1) a group of mice that are vaccinated with S protein (spike glycoprotein) of local strain Infectious Bronchitis virus; P2) a group of mice that are vaccinated with S protein (spike glycoprotein) of Massachusetts strain Infectious Bronchitis virus; P3) a group of mice that are vaccinated with the whole virus of local strain Infectious Bronchitis virus; P4) a group of mice that are vaccinated with the whole virus of Massachusetts strain Infectious Bronchitis virus. The results of this research are Optical Density (OD) values of each treatment, then to be analyzed using One Way ANOVA and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test 5% and T-test. The results show that there are differences in immunogenicity between the whole virus and S protein in both the local strain and Massachusetts strain of Infectious bronchitis virus. The OD value of the whole virus in the two strains has a significant difference from the OD value of the protein S antigen in both strains, both in the serum taken at week 2 and week 4 post-vaccination

Utilization of grinting grass (Cynodon dactylon) weeds in Indonesia as an antidiabetic botanical medicine

Grinting grass (Cynodon dactylon): traditionally used to medicate dibetes, the compounds of grinting grass are saponin, sterol, alkaloid and flavonoid, which is known to have antidiabetic activity. NPF-GG has high antidiabetic potential along with hypoglycemic effect and increasing cell quantity of Langerhans pankreatic islet

Beneficial Effect of Grinting Grass (Cynodon dactylon) on the Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus in the Mice

The aim of this study was to investigate antidiabetic activity of the non-polisacharide fraction of the aquoeus extract of printing grass (NPF-GG) in streptozotocin induced diabetes in mice. Thirty male BALB/C mice of two months age were divided into five gruops: placebo control, metformin control, NPF-GG treated gruops(250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, and 1000 mg/kgBW, respectively). Hypoglicemic effect and histopathological features of the pancreatic islet showed that NPF-GG have high antidiabetic effect. It induced hypoglicemic effect and increased the call quantity in Langerhans cells in the pancreas Keyword: antihyperglicemic activity, Cynodon dactylon, diabetes mellitus, pancreatic isle

Detection of eae Gene as A Marker Strain EPEC (Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) in Chicken Meat Sold at Some Traditional Markets in Surabaya

This study aimed to detect the presence of eae gene in E. coli from chicken meat sold at the traditional market Surabaya. Identification of bacteria was carried out in several stages, inoculated on pre-enrichment media using Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), planting on Levine’s Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (L-EMB) media, suspected colonies on L-EMB were subjected to Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) and Indol test for the confirmation of E. coli. The confirmed E. coli isolates were tested by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of the eae gene. The results showed that E. coli could be identified in 28 out of 100 (28%) chicken meat samples, and eae gene was detected in three E. coli isolates (11%)

Antibacterial Activity of Bidara Leaf Extract (Ziziphus mauritiana) Against Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Mastitis Case In Vitro

This research aimed to know the antibacterial activities of bidara leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis cases. The isolate was identified before the antibacterial test. This study was done by five times repetitions on Mueller Hinton Agar. The concentrations used in this study were 30%, 40%, and 50% of bidara leaf extract then a blank disc was dipped into each concentration. Tetracycline disc was used as a positive control and aquadest was used as a negative control. The diameter of the clear zone was measured using calipers after incubation for 24 hours at 37℃. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the positive control (K+), negative control K (-), and the concentration group. However, each concentration of bidara leaf extract showed insignificant differences in the diameter of the clear zone. It could be concluded that bidara leaf extract has antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis cases

AKTIVITAS IMUNOTOLERANSI EKSTRAK ETHANOL PROPOLIS TERHADAP EKSPRESI IL-2, KEPADATAN EOSINOFIL DAN LIMFOSIT PADA MENCIT MODEL ALERGI YANG DIINDUKSI OVALBUMIN

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi imunotoleransi dan efek antialergi dari pemberian berulang ekstrak ethanol propolis (EEP) pada hewan coba model alergi makanan yang disensitisasi ovalbumin. 36 ekor mencit jantan sehat jenis BALB-C umur 12 minggu digunakan pada penelitian ini. Mencit yang digunakan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok: (K1) kelompok kontrol negatif yaitu mencit tanpa disensitisasi ovalbumin dan tanpa diberikan terapi, (K2) kelompok kontrol positif yaitu mencit yang disensitisasi ovalbumin tanpa diberikan terapi, (K3), (K4), (K5), (K6) adalah kelompok mencit yang disensitisasi ovalbumin dan diberikan tereapi EEP dengan dosis masing-masing yaitu 13,5mg/kgBB, 27mg/kgBB, 54mg/kgBB, dan 108mg/kgBB. Terapi propolis diberikan selama 14 hari. Pada hari terakhir dilakukan uji tantang dan pada akhir penelitian mencit di eutanasi. Organ lambung dan limfonodul mesenterika diambil melalui pembedahan abdominal. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak ethanol propolis memiliki potensi yang tinggi sebagai agen imunotolansi dan anti alergi dilihat dari penurunan jumlah eosinofil lambung, peningkatan ekspresi IL-2 lambung, dan peningkatan jumlah limfosit limfonodul mesenterika. Bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif K2, pemberian propolis utamanya K4 terbukti memiliki efek imunotoleransi dan sebagai zat anti alergi

Identification of Streptomyces Spp. Soil Isolate Sidoarjo Lapindo Mud Based on Gene 16S rRNA

This study was aimed to identifY the Streptomyces sp. soil isolates of Lapindo Sidoarjo mud based on 16S rRNA gene. Several stages of research was conducted to identifY Streptomyces sp. isolates of Lap indo Sidoarjo mud based on 16S rRNA gene. The isolation of Streptomyces sp. from Lap indo Sidoarjo mud was conducted by several stages. The process was divided into isolation, purification and identification of Streptomyces sp. isolates based on its morphology. The next process was DNA isolation, purification, and identification of Streptomyces sp. isolates of lumpur Lapindo Sidoa1jo mud based on 16S rRNA gene. The isolation process resulted eight isolates of Streptomyces sp. with morphologically distinct characters. The DNA isolation and identification based on 16S rRNA gene showed 8 isolates of Streptomyces sp. of lumpur Lapin do mud has ribbon at 1500 bp long Keywords : Streptomyces sp., Lap indo Sidoarjo mud, 16S rRNA gen