Percepção da equipe multiprofissional de saúde em relação às conciliações de medicamentos no contexto hospitalar

This study aimed to evaluate the perception of the multiprofessional health team in a university hospital in relation to the reconciliation of medications. This research was observational, descriptive and qualitative, being carried out at the University Hospital Mário Araújo, linked to the University Center of the Campanha Region-URCAMP (Bagé-RS). The hospital's health professionals were coded with the first letter of the profession followed by numerical order, as an example: doctors (M1, M2) and so on. Guiding questions were launched through semi-structured interviews, with recording and recording of the interviewees' speech, for later analysis of Bardin's content. It was possible to study the variables referring to the knowledge of the multidisciplinary team on medication reconciliation; evaluation of the practice of medication reconciliations in the hospital context; moment when the practice of reconciling medicines becomes more important; perception of the multidisciplinary team in relation to pharmaceutical services and assessment of the pharmacist's perception of the process of implementing the drug reconciliation service. Of the 21 professionals interviewed, it was possible to include 15 interviews in the study, in which, after analyzing the responses, the following categories emerged: “understanding about medication reconciliation”, “the practice of reconciling medications” and “multidisciplinary team vision”. It was observed that the implementation of drug reconciliations in the hospital under study advanced in front of other realities and is a practice that requires constant training of the team for patient safety. It was noticed that the pharmacist has been recognized by the health team and gaining space for the exercise of his clinical functions. It was observed that the implementation of drug reconciliations in the hospital under study has advanced in the face of other realities and is a practice that requires constant training of the team for patient safety. It was noticed that the pharmacist has been recognized by the health team that has been gaining space for the exercise of its clinical functions.Este estudo objetivou avaliar a percepção da equipe multiprofissional de saúde em um hospital universitário em relação a conciliação de medicamentos. Esta pesquisa foi do tipo observacional, descritiva e qualitativa, sendo realizado no Hospital Universitário Mário Araújo, vinculado ao Centro Universitário da Região da Campanha-URCAMP (Bagé-RS). Os profissionais de saúde do hospital foram codificados com a primeira letra da profissão seguido de ordem numérica, como exemplo: médicos (M1, M2) e assim sucessivamente. Questões norteadoras foram lançadas através de entrevista semiestruturada, havendo gravação e degravação da fala dos depoentes, para posterior análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Foi possível estudar as variáveis referentes a o conhecimento da equipe multiprofissional sobre conciliação de medicamentos; avaliação da prática de conciliações medicamentosas no contexto hospitalar; momento em que se torna mais importante a prática da conciliação de medicamentos; percepção da equipe multiprofissional em relação a serviços farmacêuticos e avaliação da percepção do farmacêutico quanto ao processo de implantação do serviço de conciliação medicamentosa. Dos 21 profissionais entrevistados, foi possível incluir 15 entrevistas no estudo, em que após análise das respostas emergiram as categorias: “compreensão sobre conciliação de medicamentos”, “a prática de conciliar medicamentos” e “visão da equipe multidisciplinar”. Foi observado que a implantação das conciliações medicamentosas no hospital em estudo avançou frente outras realidades e é prática que requer treinamento constante da equipe para a segurança do paciente. Percebeu-se que o farmacêutico vem sendo reconhecido pela equipe de saúde e ganhando espaço para o exercício de suas funções clínicas. Observou-se que a implantação das conciliações medicamentosas no hospital em estudo avançou diante de outras realidades e é uma prática que exige treinamento constante da equipe para a segurança do paciente. Percebeu-se que o farmacêutico vem sendo reconhecido pela equipe de saúde que vem ganhando espaço para o exercício de suas funções clínicas

Transmissão do laser de baixa potência através de filmes plásticos de PVC

Low-intensity laser application is used in physical therapy in view of accelerating wound repair processes. In clinical practice, a PVC film is commonly used covering the laser pen’s tip to avoid contamination of the wound by the equipment, mainly on mucosa and cruent areas. From the therapeutic point of view, it is important to evaluate whether the PVC film interferes in the transmitted dosimetry to the tissue, minimizing therapy effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the percentage of energy transmission of two laser equipments used in physical therapy clinics. Laser wavelengths were 632.8 nm for the HeNe (helium-neon) and 830 nm for the GaAlAs (gallium-aluminium arsenide) laser. For each wavelength a total of 150 measures were evaluated: 50 with direct irradiation (control group, CG) and with two different kinds of PVC film on the laser pen (experimental groups G1 and G2). Both PVC films were 0.01 mm thick. Results showed that the HeNe laser had the following losses when compared to CG: G1, 0.9% and G2, 0.8%; for the AsGaAl laser, the losses were G1, 2.3% and G2, 1.3%. In spite of statistically significant differences, the percentages of loss were small, showing that the film does not interfere in laser transmission. The PVC film can thus be used in clinical practice with no interference in laser dosimetry.O laser de baixa potência é utilizado na fisioterapia na cicatrização de lesões, para acelerar a reparação tecidual. Um filme de PVC na ponteira do equipamento é comumente usado na prática clínica para evitar a contaminação da lesão pelo equipamento, principalmente em mucosas e áreas cruentas. Este estudo visou avaliar se a membrana de PVC interfere na dosimetria transmitida à área tratada, minimizando os efeitos da aplicação. Foi utilizado um medidor de potência para avaliar as medidas percentuais da transmissão de energia de dois equipamentos de laser comumente usados na prática clínica, com os seguintes comprimentos de onda: laser de HeNe (hélio-neônio), 632,8 nm e de AsGaAl (arsenato de gálio alumínio), 830 nm. Para cada comprimento de onda foram avaliadas 150 medidas: 50 com irradiação direta (grupo controle, GC) e 100 com dois tipos diferentes de filmes de PVC transparentes na ponteira do laser (grupos experimentais G1 e G2). Ambos os filmes de PVC tinham 0,01 mm de espessura. Os resultados mostram que, comparando os valores de transmissão do GC com os dos grupos experimentais, o laser de HeNe teve as seguintes perdas: G1, 0,9% e G2, 0,8%; para o laser de AsGaAl, as perdas foram G1, 2,3% e G2, 1,3%. Apesar de a diferença estatística ter sido significativa, as porcentagens de perdas foram pequenas, mostrando que o filme de PVC transparente não interfere de forma significativa na transmissão da onda laser, podendo ser usado eficazmente na aplicação clínica

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Effect of photodynamic therapy on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp

Staphylococcus spp. are opportunistic microorganisms known for their capacity to develop resistance against antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on 20 Staphylococcus strains isolated from the human oral cavity, including S. aureus, S. schleiferi, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus, and S. lentus. A suspension of each Staphylococcus strain (10(6) cells/mL) was submitted to PDT using methylene blue and a low power laser. The isolated effects of methylene blue, laser treatment and ciprofloxacin were also evaluated. After the experimental treatments, 0.1 mL aliquots of the suspensions were seeded onto BHI agar for determination of the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The mean reduction in bacterial counts of the strains submitted to PDT ranged from 4.89 to 6.83 CFU (log10)/mL, with the observation of a decreasing susceptibility to treatment of S. schleiferi, S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. aureus, and S. lentus. The results showed that PDT was effective in reducing the number of viable cells of all clinical Staphylococcus isolates studied

Type I and Type II Photosensitized Oxidation Reactions : Guidelines and Mechanistic Pathways.

Here, 10 guidelines are presented for a standardized definition of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation reactions. Because of varied notions of reactions mediated by photosensitizers, a checklist of recommendations is provided for their definitions. Type I and type II photoreactions are oxygendependent and involve unstable species such as the initial formation of radical cation or neutral radicals from the substrates and/or singlet oxygen (1O2 1Δg) by energy transfer to molecular oxygen. In addition, superoxide anion radical (O2←) can be generated by a charge-transfer reaction involving O2 or more likely indirectly as the result of O2-mediated oxidation of the radical anion of type I photosensitizers. In subsequent reactions, O2← may add and/or reduce a few highly oxidizing radicals that arise from the deprotonation of the radical cations of key biological targets. O2← can also undergo dismutation into H2O2, the precursor of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (OH) that may induce delayed oxidation reactions in cells. In the second part, several examples of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation reactions are provided to illustrate the complexity and the diversity of the degradation pathways of mostly relevant biomolecules upon one-electron oxidation and singlet oxygen reactions.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada