Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia

The “Asociación Colombiana de Infectología” (ACIN) and the “Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud” (IETS) created a task force to develop recommendations for Covid 19 health care diagnosis, management and treatment informed, and based, on evidence. Theses reccomendations are addressed to the health personnel on the Colombian context of health services. © 2020 Asociacion Colombiana de Infectologia. All rights reserved

Malaria vector species in Colombia: a review

Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature on the vectorial importance of the major Anopheles malaria vectors in Colombia. We provide basic information on the geographical distribution, altitudinal range, immature habitats, adult behaviour, feeding preferences and anthropophily, endophily and infectivity rates. We additionally review information on the life cycle, longevity and population fluctuation of Colombian Anopheles species. Emphasis was placed on the primary vectors that have been epidemiologically incriminated in malaria transmission: Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles nuneztovari. The role of a selection of local, regional or secondary vectors (e.g., Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and Anopheles neivai) is also discussed. We highlight the importance of combining biological, morphological and molecular data for the correct taxonomical determination of a given species, particularly for members of the species complexes. We likewise emphasise the importance of studying the bionomics of primary and secondary vectors along with an examination of the local conditions affecting the transmission of malaria. The presence and spread of the major vectors and the emergence of secondary species capable of transmitting human Plasmodia are of great interest. When selecting control measures, the anopheline diversity in the region must be considered. Variation in macroclimate conditions over a species' geographical range must be well understood and targeted to plan effective control measures based on the population dynamics of the local Anopheles species

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia

Prevalencia de presentación de algunos agentes zoonóticos transmitidos por caninos y felinos en Medellín, Colombia

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine in Medellín, Colombia, the prevalence of zoonotic agents in canines and felines. Materials and methods. 1501 individuals were sampled for the analysis of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites by direct coprology and flotation. 500 canine sera were examined by PARP-2ME and MAT for the diagnosis of Brucella canis and Leptospira sp, respectively. 500 feline sera were processed by IFI for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii. The frequency for each zoonosis and the statistical significance for the different variables were established (p≤0.05; OR≥1; 95% CI). Results. 23.6% of canines and 16.3% of felines were positive for gastrointestinal parasites; Ancylostomids and D. caninum were the most prevalent; species, age, sex, sector, socioeconomic level and the month of sampling showed associations with gastrointestinal parasitism in pets. Canines showed a seroprevalence of 6.6% in B. canis and 8.4%, Leptospira sp; in felines 56.2% for T. gondii. All of the above associated with the commune, month of sampling, age and stratum. Conclusions. Pets located in different communes and socioeconomic strata with lower quality of life conditions represent a risk of zoonotic transmission.RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de agentes zoonóticos en caninos y felinos en Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se muestrearon 1501 individuos para el análisis de parásitos gastrointestinales zoonóticos por medio de coprología directa y flotación. Se examinaron 500 sueros caninos por medio de PARP-2ME y MAT para el diagnóstico de Brucella canis y Leptospira sp, respectivamente. Se procesaron 500 sueros felinos por medio de IFI para el diagnóstico de Toxoplasma gondii. Se estableció la frecuencia para cada zoonosis y la significancia estadística para las diferentes variables (p≤0.05; OR≥1; IC 95%). Resultados. El 23.6% de los caninos y 16.3% de los felinos fueron positivos a parásitos gastrointestinales, siendo los Ancylostomideos y D. caninum los más prevalente, respectivamente; la especie, edad, sexo, sector, estrato socioeconómico y el mes de muestreo presentaron asociaciones con el parasitismo gastrointestinal en mascotas. En caninos se evidenció una seroprevalencia del 6.6% para B. canis y 8.4% para Leptospira sp; en felinos del 56.2% para T. gondii. Todas las anteriores asociadas con la zona de muestreo, mes, edad y estrato. Conclusiones. Las mascotas ubicadas en diferentes comunas y estratos socioeconómicos con condiciones de calidad de vida menores representan un riesgo de transmisión zoonótica

IS6110 fingerprinting of sensitive and resistant strains (1991-1992) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Colombia

The standardized method to study the polymorphism of IS 6110 was used to characterize 53 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis obtained during 1991-1992 from 14 regions in Colombia. In Valle region cluster rate was 25% (4/16). The mean number of IS6110 band was 10 ± 3. Similarity between strains was of 60% in 81% of strains and this tended to be correlated with geographic origin. For the first time M. tuberculosis without IS6110 bands in restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was found in Colombia. Additional studies are necessaries in order to best characterize the situation in relation to human immunodeficiency virus epidemic and recent changes in tuberculosis control program

Colombia diversidad biótica XIX : Selvas transicionales de Cumaribo (Vichada – Colombia)

ilustraciones, fotografías, mapasEl presente volumen documenta la caracterización biofísica de las selvas transicionales de Cumaribo realizada por investigadores del Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Rangel-Ch. et al., en este volumen), como resultado del convenio de cooperación suscrito con Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, para la generación de información base para los procesos de declaratoria de nuevas áreas. En particular, los resultados de la caracterización biofísica indicaron que el territorio de las selvas transicionales de Cumaribo presenta una alta importancia ecológica con muestras de ecosistemas que se encuentran con una baja o nula representatividad en el SINAP. Estos ecosistemas tienen altos valores de biodiversidad y mantienen las condiciones ideales para la conservación de especies de flora y fauna, donde sobresalen grupos de mamíferos, reptiles, aves, anfibios, mariposas y crustáceos. Varias de las especies registradas en el área se encuentran bajo categorías de amenaza según la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN), o se encuentran en los apéndices I y II de la Convención sobre el Comercio Interna- cional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres (CITES). Así mismo, a partir de los resultados obtenidos se pudieron identificar nuevos registros de flora y fauna para la región. (texto tomado de la fuente)GEOLOGÍA Y GEOMORFOLOGÍA EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Geology and geomorphology in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -CARACTERIZACIÓN CLIMÁTICA DEL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Climatic characterization of the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- LA VEGETACIÓN EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA): COMPOSICIÓN FLORÍSTICA Y PRINCIPALES ASPECTOS ESTRUCTURALES / The vegetation in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia): floristic composition and main structural aspects -- RIQUEZA Y DIVERSIDAD DE LAS PLANTAS CON FLORES EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Richness and diversity patterns of flowering plants in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- SUELOS EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA): ASPECTOS FÍSICOS Y QUÍMICOS CON BASE EN REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA / Soils in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia): Physical and chemical aspects based on bibliographic review -- CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOCLIMÁTICA EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Bioclimatic characterization in the territory of transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- FLORA Y VEGETACIÓN ACUÁTICA EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Flowering plants and aquatic vegetation in the territory of transitional jungles of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- USOS POTENCIALES Y CATEGORÍAS DE RIESGO DE LAS PLANTAS CON FLORES EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Potential uses and categories of risk of the flowering plants in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- CRUSTÁCEOS-DECÁPODOS EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Crustaceans-decapods in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- DIVERSIDAD DE MARIPOSAS (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE-HESPERIOIDAE) EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Diversity of butterflies (lepidoptera: papilionidae-hesperiidae) in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- RIQUEZA Y DIVERSIDAD DE LA COMUNIDAD DE AVES EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Richness and diversity of bird community in the territory of the transitional jungles of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) Elkin Rodríguez-Ortiz -- LOMBRICES DEL SUELO EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Earthworms in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) Amphibians and reptiles in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- MAMÍFEROS EN EL TERRITORIO SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Mammals in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD ÍCTICA EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Characterization of the ictical community in the territory of the transitional jungles of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- LA CARTOGRAFÍA DE LA VEGETACIÓN, LOS ECOSISTEMAS Y LAS AMENAZAS EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / The cartography of vegetation, ecosystems and Threats in the transitional jungles of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS EN EL TERRITORIO SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Ecosystem services in the transitional jungle territory of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia)primera edició

A randomized blinded clinical trial of two antivenoms, prepared by caprylic acid or ammonium sulphate fractionation of IgG, in Bothrops and Porthidium snake bites in Colombia: correlation between safety and biochemical characteristics of antivenoms

A randomized blinded clinical trial was performed in 53 patients bitten by Bothrops sp. and Porthidium sp. in Antioquia and Chocó, Colombia, in order to compare the efficacy and safety of two antivenoms made of whole IgG obtained by either ammonium sulphate (monovalent anti-B. atrox) or caprylic acid (polyvalent) fractionation. Additionally, antivenoms were compared by electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses and anticomplementary activity in vitro. With a protocol of 2, 4 and 6 antivenom vials for the treatment of mild, moderate and severe envenomings, respectively, both antivenoms were equally efficient to neutralize the most relevant signs of envenoming and to clear serum venom levels in patients from the first hour and later on. Three patients with severe envenoming and initially treated with less than six vials on admission had persistent or recurrent venom antigenemia within 12-48 h. Monovalent antivenom fractionated by ammonium sulphate precipitation had higher amounts of protein aggregates and nonimmunoglobulin proteins than polyvalent antivenom fractionated by caprylic acid precipitation. Both antivenoms presented anticomplementary activity in vitro, being higher in the monovalent product. In agreement, monovalent antivenom induced a significantly higher incidence of early antivenom reactions (52%) than polyvalent antivenom (25%).Universidad de Costa Rica/[741-89-057]/UCR/Costa RicaDirección Seccional de Salud de Antioquia///ColombiaDirección Seccional de Salud del Chocó///ColombiaUniversidad de Antioquia///ColombiaInstituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología Francisco José de Caldas//COLCIENCIAS/ColombiaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP

A three-stage intrathymic development pathway for the mucosal-associated invariant T cell lineage

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) detect microbial vitamin B2 derivatives presented by the antigen-presenting molecule MR1. Here we defined three developmental stages and checkpoints for the MAIT cell lineage in humans and mice. Stage 1 and stage 2 MAIT cells predominated in thymus, while stage 3 cells progressively increased in abundance extrathymically. Transition through each checkpoint was regulated by MR1, whereas the final checkpoint that generated mature functional MAIT cells was controlled by multiple factors, including the transcription factor PLZF and microbial colonization. Furthermore, stage 3 MAIT cell populations were expanded in mice deficient in the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d, suggestive of a niche shared by MAIT cells and natural killer T cells (NKT cells). Accordingly, this study maps the developmental pathway and checkpoints that control the generation of functional MAIT cells.Supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (1083942, 1013667 and 1016629; CDF 1035858 to A.E.; ECF 1054431 to D.G.P.; Senior Principal Research Fellowships 1020770 and 1027369 to D.I.G. and D.P.F.; Australia Fellowship AF50 to J.R.; CDF2 Fellowship 1047025 to M.C.; CDF2 Fellowship 1023294 to K.K.; and CDF1 Fellowship 1106004 to L.K.M.), the Australian Research Council (CE140100011 and LE110100106; Future Fellowship FT140100278 to A.P.U.), the Leukaemia Foundation of Australia (Postgraduate Scholarship for N.A.G.), the National Heart Foundation of Australia (Future Leader Fellowship for C.A.N.-P.), the Hudson Institute (Star Recruitment Fellowship for M.F.N.) and the Ritchie Centre (Victor Yu Fellowship for M.F.N.)