Evaluation of DNA Single and Double Strand Breaks in Women with Cervical Neoplasia Based on Alkaline and Neutral Comet Assay Techniques

A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was performed in order to determine the relation of DNA single (ssb) and double (dsb) strand breaks in women with and without cervical neoplasia. Cervical epithelial cells of 30 women: 10 with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LG-SIL), 10 with high-grade SIL (HG-SIL), and 10 without cervical lesions were evaluated using alkaline and neutral comet assays. A significant increase in global DNA damage (ssb + dsb) and dsb was observed in patients with HG-SIL (48.90 ± 12.87 and 23.50 ± 13.91), patients with LG-SIL (33.60 ± 14.96 and 11.20 ± 5.71), and controls (21.70 ± 11.87 and 5.30 ± 5.38; resp.). Pearson correlation coefficient reveled a strong relation between the levels ssb and dsb (2=0.99, =0.03, and 2=0.94, =0.16, resp.) and progression of neoplasia. The increase of dsb damage in patients with HG-SIL was confirmed by DNA breakage detection-FISH (DBD-FISH) on neutral comets. Our results argue in favor of a real genomic instability in women with cervical neoplasia, which was strengthened by our finding of a higher proportion of DNA dsb

SOBREPESO EN EL LACTANTE DEL ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE MONTERREY, N.L., MEXICO

La etapa Lactante es una alternativa de abordaje en la lucha contra la obesidad. Se ha demostrado que existe una relación entre el exceso de peso en ésta etapa, con las principales problemas de salud pública; con base en lo anterior, es necesario buscar factores modificables en el comportamiento de los encargados del cuidado del infante y del equipo de salud para crear conductas que propicien el adecuado desarrollo del individuo. El objetivo de éste estudio es determinar la prevalencia del exceso de peso en lactantes del área metropolitana de Monterrey, a partir de usuarios del programa de atención del niño sano del IMSS, provenientes de seis unidades de medicina familiar. Se estudiaron 400 lactantes a través de la medición de peso y talla, para clasificarlos mediante las tablas diagnósticas nutricionales de la NCHS-CDC/OMS. Se obtuvo una prevalencia del exceso de peso de los lactantes estudiados equivalente al 43.23%. Mostrando que el exceso de peso representa un problema de salud pública creciente en México, el cual requiere el replanteamiento de los programas preventivos en éste sector demográfico, buscando aquellos niños que están adquiriendo patrones patológicos de comportamiento en su ingesta alimentaria. AbstractThe infant stage is an alternative in boarding the struggle against obesity. There has been demonstrated that a relation exists between overweight in this period with the current issues of public health. Due to this, it is necessary to search for adjustable factors in the carers and health team, in order to create appropriate behaviour that propitiates suiable development of the individual. The objective in this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight in Monterrey’s metropolitan area infants who assist the healthy child program from six primary health care units of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. There were studied 400 children under a year of age, to whom they there was realized measurement of weight and height, qualifying by means of the diagnostic nutritional tables of the NCHS-CDC/OMS. The results of this study show that the prevalence rates of excess body weight in infants under a year old in Monterrey’s Metropolitan area are 43.23%. There is a clear that excess body weight represents a problem of public health in México, which needs the rethinking of the preventive programs in this one population sector, in search of those children that are acquiring pathological bosses of behavior in food ingestionPalabras Clave: Lactante, prevalencia, exceso de peso, sobrepeso, obesidad, niños menores de un año

HEMOGLOBINA GLUCOSILADA: PRUEBA DE LABORATORIO NECESARIA PARA EL CONTROL METABOLICO DE PACIENTES MEXICANOS CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2.

Además de la determinación de glucosa en sangre en ayunas (FBG), la prueba de hemoglobinaglucosilada (HbA1c) es un indicador que evalúa el grado de control metabólico de todo pacientecon diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Aunque ambas pruebas se determinan rutinariamente en muchospaíses en el mundo, para el buen control metabólico del paciente diabético, en las instituciones desalud en México solo se basan en la prueba de FBG. Conocer si los pacientes con diabetes queacudían al Hospital No. 25, IMSS en Monterrey para su control clínico (después de una evaluaciónfísica basada solamente en la prueba de FBG), estuvieron bajo un buen o mal control metabólico.Se llevo a cabo un estudio de serie de casos en el cual se midieron las concentraciones de FBG yde HbA1c en 93 pacientes diabéticos bajo tratamiento (46 mujeres y 47 hombres, con un promediode edad de 54 años) que acudían a la consulta externa del Hospital No. 25. Para evaluar el nivelde control metabólico se usaron los criterios de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (ADA) (lacual recomienda que los niveles de HbA1c deben ser mantenidos < 7.0%) y el criterio Europeo(que recomienda que los niveles de HbA1c deben ser mantenidos < 7.6%). Las determinaciones deFBG se realizaron en el Hospital No. 25 y las de HbA1c en el Centro de Investigación Biomédicadel Noreste (CIBIN). De acuerdo a la prueba de FBG, los médicos clínicos detectaron que el 52%de los pacientes tuvieron cifras 140 mg/dl (mal control metabólico). Por otro lado, utilizando laprueba de HbA1c, los 93 pacientes (100%) registraron niveles > a 8.0%. La prueba de HbA1cmostró que todos los pacientes tuvieron un mal control metabólico. Por lo tanto, es prioritario quelas autoridades implementen rutinariamente la prueba de HbAc1 en las instituciones de salud deMéxico y especialmente en Nuevo León dado que este Estado posee la mayor tasa de mortalidadpor diabetes (45%) a nivel nacional.AbstractGlycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a blood test that gives an estimate of the average blood sugar(glucose) for the previous three months. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1cdeterminations give a well idea about the metabolic control of the diabetics. Both tests aredetermined routinely in many countries but into the Mexican Institutes of Health only the FBG test iscarried out for this purpose. The aim of this study was to know if non-insulin-dependent diabeticmellitus (NIDDM) outpatients attending in a clinical hospital of the IMSS after the physicianevaluation based only on the FBG test were under a good or bad metabolic control. At the sametime, we carried out the HbA1c test independently of the physician evaluation in order to know if theNIDDM patients were well evaluated. A serial case study was undertaken in which concentrations ofFBG and HbA1c were measured in 93 diabetics (under treatment) at the outpatient clinic of theIMSS in Monterrey, Mexico. A structured, self-administrated questionnaire was used to obtain dataon age, gender, duration of diabetes, a recent history of polydipsia, polyuria and polyphagia, height,weight, blood pressure, treatment kind, and BMI. The American Diabetic Association (ADA)(currently recommends that the HbA1c be maintained under 7.0%) and the European criteria(currently recommends that the HbA1c be maintained under 7.6%) were used to evaluate the levelof metabolic control. The 93 patients had HbA1C levels higher than 8.0% and FBG levels between63 and 300 mg/dl. According to ADA criteria and European criteria all the patients were out of goodmetabolic control. These points towards the HbA1c and FBG confirm the doubts about theusefulness of FBG values as a tool for assessing metabolic control. These results suggest a lowlevel in the practice of monitoring indicators in NIDDM. We suggest that the HbA1c test must betaken in account by the Mexican Institutes of Health to improve a better metabolic control in theirdiabetic patients.Palabras Clave: Diabetes, Tipo 2, Hemoglobina glucosilada, Diabetes, Type 2, Glycosylated hemoglobi

Percepción materna del peso del hijo y de niños no emparentados menores de un año

Objetivos: Evaluar la percepción materna del peso del hijo (PMPH) y la percepción del peso de niños no emparentados. Diseño: Transversal. Emplazamiento: Departamento de Enfermería Materno Infantil en 6 Unidades de Medicina Familiar. Participantes: 486 diadas (madre e hijo menor de un año). Mediciones principales: Se aplicó la pregunta: «Creo que mi niño/a está», e imágenes de acuerdo al sexo del hijo. Se midieron peso y talla a los lactantes. Resultados: El 20,5% de madres de hijos con sobrepeso (SP) percibieron de forma adecuada esta situación y ninguna de las madres de hijos con obesidad (OB) (κ = 0,14 ± 0,03, Z = 5,36, p = 0,001). Por imágenes, el 63,3% de las madres de hijos con SP y el 33,3% de madres de hijos con OB percibieron está situación (κ = 0,01 ± 0,02, Z = 0,73, p = 0,46). La mayoría de las madres seleccionaron la imagen de un niño con SP como la imagen de un niño sano (κ = -0,04 ± 0,01, Z = -2,65, p = 0,008), la imagen de un niño menor de un año (κ = -0,01 ± 0,02, Z = -0,86, p = 0,38) y la imagen que le gustaría para su hijo (κ = 0,0004 ± 0,01, Z = 0,02, p = 0,98). Conclusión: Las madres no perciben el SP-OB de su hijo

New Application of the Comet Assay: Chromosome–Comet Assay

The comet assay is a well-established, simple, versatile, visual, rapid, and sensitive tool used extensively to assess DNA damage and DNA repair quantitatively and qualitatively in single cells. The comet assay is most frequently used to analyze white blood cells or lymphocytes in human biomonitoring studies, although other cell types have been examined, including buccal, nasal, epithelial, and placental cells and even spermatozoa. This study was conducted to design a protocol that can be used to generate comets in subnuclear units, such as chromosomes. The new technique is based on the chromosome isolation protocols currently used for whole chromosome mounting in electron microscopy, coupled to the alkaline variant of the comet assay, to detect DNA damage. The results show that migrant DNA fragments can be visualized in whole nuclei and isolated chromosomes and that they exhibit patterns of DNA migration that depend on the level of DNA damage produced. This protocol has great potential for the highly reproducible study of DNA damage and repair in specific chromosomal domains

DNA damage in acute myeloid leukemia patients of Northern Mexico

The purpose of this study was to evaluate DNA damage in the whole genome of peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared with a control group using DNA breakage detection-fluorescent in situ hybridization (DBD-FISH). Our results suggest that the DNA damage detected in patients with newly diagnosed AML was similar to that observed for the controls; this might be explained by the stimulation of a repair pathway by the pathogenesis itself. These findings indicate that inhibiting the repair pathway could be proposed to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy