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An Analytical Study of Large SPARQL Query Logs

With the adoption of RDF as the data model for Linked Data and the Semantic Web, query specification from end- users has become more and more common in SPARQL end- points. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analytical study of the queries formulated by end-users and harvested from large and up-to-date query logs from a wide variety of RDF data sources. As opposed to previous studies, ours is the first assessment on a voluminous query corpus, span- ning over several years and covering many representative SPARQL endpoints. Apart from the syntactical structure of the queries, that exhibits already interesting results on this generalized corpus, we drill deeper in the structural char- acteristics related to the graph- and hypergraph represen- tation of queries. We outline the most common shapes of queries when visually displayed as pseudographs, and char- acterize their (hyper-)tree width. Moreover, we analyze the evolution of queries over time, by introducing the novel con- cept of a streak, i.e., a sequence of queries that appear as subsequent modifications of a seed query. Our study offers several fresh insights on the already rich query features of real SPARQL queries formulated by real users, and brings us to draw a number of conclusions and pinpoint future di- rections for SPARQL query evaluation, query optimization, tuning, and benchmarking

Taking the heterogeneity of citizens into account: flood risk communication in coastal cities – a case study of Bremen

The likely manifestations of climate change like flood hazards are prominent topics in public communication. This can be shown by media analysis and questionnaire data. However, in the case of flood risks an information gap remains resulting in misinformed citizens who probably will not perform the necessary protective actions when an emergency occurs. This paper examines more closely a newly developed approach to flood risk communication that takes the heterogeneity of citizens into account and aims to close this gap. The heterogeneity is analysed on the meso level regarding differences in residential situation as well as on the micro level with respect to risk perception and protective actions. Using the city of Bremen as a case study, empirical data from n=831 respondents were used to identify Action Types representing different states of readiness for protective actions in view of flood risks. These subpopulations can be provided with specific information to meet their heterogeneous needs for risk communication. A prototype of a computer-based information system is described that can produce and pass on such tailored information. However, such an approach to risk communication has to be complemented by meso level analysis which takes the social diversity of subpopulations into account. Social vulnerability is the crucial concept for understanding the distribution of resources and capacities among different social groups. We therefore recommend putting forums and organisations into place that can mediate between the state and its citizens

Motivation Processes in Adolescence and Adulthood

In diesem Beitrag werden die Bedingungen für eine gelingende Motivation für Bildung und Ausbildung analysiert: Warum fällt es vielen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen leicht, sich für Schule und Ausbildung zu motivieren, während es anderen sehr schwerfällt? Aus den identifizierten Motivationsprozessen werden dann Hinweise abgeleitet, welche Hilfestellung die Bildungsinstitutionen geben können. (DIPF/Orig.)This article examines conditions for a successful motivation for education and training: Why can many teenagers and young adults easily motivate themselves for schools and education, while other show serious motivational difficulties? On the base of identified motivational processes measures are suggested that educational institutions can provide. (Author

MICRO FEATURE ENHANCED SINTER BONDING OF METAL INJECTION MOLDED (MIM) PARTS TO A SOLID SUBSTRATE

In metal injection molding (MIM), fine metal powders are mixed with a binder and injected into molds, similar to plastic injection molding. After molding, the binder is removed from the part, and the compact is sintered to almost full density. The obstacle to sinter bonding a MIM part to a conventional (solid) substrate lies in the sinter shrinkage of the MIM part, which can be up to 20%, meaning that the MIM part shrinks during sintering, while the conventional substrate maintains its dimensions. This behavior would typically inhibit bonding and/or cause cracking and deformation of the MIM part. It is also the reason, why sinter bonding MIM to solid substrates is not an industrially applied process and little to no prior research exists. By applying a structure of micro features to the surface of the MIM part, this allows for shrinkage while bonding to the substrate. The micro features tolerate certain plastic deformation to permit the shrinkage and thermal expansion/contraction without causing cracks after the initial bonds are established. The bonding and deformation behavior of the powder compacts is analyzed and modeled. A new approach to simulate the deformation is developed. Finally, the samples are evaluated and compared with other joining processes

The FASBs Concepts Statement On Cash Flows And Present Value

In February 2000, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 7, Using Cash Flow Information and Present Value in Accounting Measurements.  In this document the FASB asserts without proof that a present value computation along its lines will provide a good estimate of the fair value of an asset or liability.  Using numerical examples provided by the FASB, we attempt to construct arguments in support of the FASB’s claim.  We find that such arguments require strong and not at all obvious assumptions about players in hypothetical markets

Microstructure Enhanced Sinter Bonding of Metal Injection Molded Part to a Support Substrate

Composites that include a metal injection molded component bonded to a support substrate and methods for forming the composites are described. Methods include forming a metal injection molded green part that includes microstructures on a surface of the green part. The metal injection molded component is located adjacent to a support substrate with the microstructure ends contacting the support substrate at a contact surface. During sintering the metal injection molded component is bonded to the support substrate at the ends of the microstructures. The presence of the microstructures can allow for relative motion between the metal injection molded component and the support substrate during sintering. The large bonding surface area provided by the multiple points of contact between the ends of the microstructures and the support substrate can provide excellent bonding force between the metal injection molded component and the support substrate

Zigbee as a means to reduce the number of blind spot incidents of a truck

Every year in Europe, about 1500 people die in traffic because they are not noticed by the truck driver. This problem could be solved by developing a wireless communication system where the truck driver and the cyclist are informed about each others presence. In this paper a test setup is presented in which the position of the cyclist is determined and displayed on a screen when being in the neighborhood of a truck. The cyclist gets an indication about notification by the truck. Because of the fast changing network, the cyclist must be added quickly to the network and the position must be updated very fast. For this reason a Zigbee communication system is used. The position of the cyclist is displayed in zones around the truck. The setup is experimentally tested and it is demonstrated that the proposed setup leads to a reliable and fast method to reduce the number of blind spot incidents