Fast Frequency Sweep Technique Based on Segmentation for the Acceleration of the Electromagnetic Analysis of Microwave Devices

[EN] The characterization of communication devices in a certain frequency band can be accelerated if a fast frequency sweep technique is used instead of a discrete frequency sweep. Existing fast frequency sweep techniques are either complex or specific for a certain electromagnetic solver. In this work, a new fast frequency sweep method is proposed that consists in segmenting the device under analysis into simple building blocks. Each building block is characterized with a generalized (multimode) circuital matrix whose elements present a simple and flat frequency response that is interpolated using natural cubic splines with very few points. In this way, the response of each block along the whole frequency band is obtained efficiently and accurately with as many frequency points as desired. Then, the circuital matrices of all the blocks are cascaded and the circuital matrix of the whole device in obtained. The new fast frequency sweep was successfully applied to the analysis of different types of devices (all metallic rectangular waveguide filter, dielectric loaded rectangular waveguide filter, and substrate integrated waveguide filter). The computational times were reduced to 15% or 19%, depending on the device, when compared with a discrete frequency sweep using the same electromagnetic solver.This research was funded by Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Government, under Research Projects TEC2016-75934-C4-3-R and TEC2016-75934-C4-1-R.Martínez-Zamora, JÁ.; Belenguer Martínez, A.; Esteban González, H. (2019). Fast Frequency Sweep Technique Based on Segmentation for the Acceleration of the Electromagnetic Analysis of Microwave Devices. Applied Sciences. 9(6):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061118S11696Erdemli, Y. E., Reddy, C. J., & Volakis, J. L. (1999). Awe Technique in Frequency Domain Electromagnetics. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 13(3), 359-378. doi:10.1163/156939399x00961Reddy, C. J., Deshpande, M. D., Cockrell, C. R., & Beck, F. B. (1998). Fast RCS computation over a frequency band using method of moments in conjunction with asymptotic waveform evaluation technique. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 46(8), 1229-1233. doi:10.1109/8.718579Polstyanko, S. V., Dyezij-Edlinger, R., & Jin-Fa Lee. (1997). Fast frequency sweep technique for the efficient analysis of dielectric waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 45(7), 1118-1126. doi:10.1109/22.598450Chiprout, E., & Nakhla, M. S. (1995). Analysis of interconnect networks using complex frequency hopping (CFH). IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 14(2), 186-200. doi:10.1109/43.370425Gustavsen, B., & Semlyen, A. (1999). Rational approximation of frequency domain responses by vector fitting. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 14(3), 1052-1061. doi:10.1109/61.772353Bandler, J. W., Biernacki, R. M., Shao Hua Chen, & Ya Fei Huang. (1997). Design optimization of interdigital filters using aggressive space mapping and decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 45(5), 761-769. doi:10.1109/22.575598Ros, J. V. M., Pacheco, P. S., Gonzalez, H. E., Esbert, V. E. B., Martin, C. B., Calduch, M. T., … Martinez, B. G. (2005). Fast automated design of waveguide filters using aggressive space mapping with a new segmentation strategy and a hybrid optimization algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 53(4), 1130-1142. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2005.845685Alos, J. T., & Guglielmi, M. (1997). Simple and effective EM-based optimization procedure for microwave filters. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 45(5), 856-858. doi:10.1109/22.575610Bachiller, C., Gonzalez, H. E., Boria Esbert, V. E., Belenguer Martinez, A., & Morro, J. V. (2007). Efficient Technique for the Cascade Connection of Multiple Two-Port Scattering Matrices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 55(9), 1880-1886. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2007.904076Interpolación de Splineshttps://www.uv.es/diaz/mn/node40.htmlBachiller, C., Esteban, H., Mata, H., Valdes, M. Á., Boria, V. E., Belenguer, Á., & Morro, J. V. (2010). Hybrid Mode Matching Method for the Efficient Analysis of Metal and Dielectric Rods in H Plane Rectangular Waveguide Devices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2010.208395

Integration of a Very High Quality Factor Filter in Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide at Q-band

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] Recently, new methodologies for manufacturing empty waveguides completely integrated in a planar substrate have been proposed in order to improve the performance of substrate-integrated devices. One of these alternatives is the so-called empty substrate-integrated waveguide (ESIW). The height of high-frequency substrates, where ESIW devices are integrated, is very small. Then, the capacity of storing energy of ESIW resonators is drastically reduced, and as a result, their quality factor is not as high as it could be with a higher ESIW. In order to overcome this restriction, a novel integrated structure is proposed to embed very high-quality factor filters based on the ESIW with an increased height. As a result, we show, in this letter, for the first time, the successful integration of an increased-height ESIW filter in a printed circuit board of 0.305 mm height at Q-band, achieving a quality factor above 1000, which is a remarkable result for a completely substrate-integrated device operating in this frequency band. When compared with the same filter manufactured with an ESIW with the same height as the substrate, the novel filter shows a measured quality factor 85% higher.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spanish Government, under Project TEC2016-75934-C4-3-R and Project TEC2016-75934-C4-1-R.Martínez-Zamora, JÁ.; De Dios, JJ.; Belenguer Martínez, Á.; Esteban González, H.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2018). Integration of a Very High Quality Factor Filter in Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide at Q-band. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. 28(6):503-505. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2018.2833214S50350528

Segmentation strategy for the efficient analysis and design of substrate integrated waveguide directly coupled cavity filters

This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Microwaves Antennas and Propagation and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at IET Digital LibraryIn this study, a new segmentation strategy is presented for the full-wave analysis of directly coupled cavity filters in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The whole SIW filter is enclosed inside an external fictitious rectangular waveguide, which does not affect the propagation inside the SIW assuming that the SIW is well designed and there is no significant power leakage. The external rectangular waveguide allows to easily segment the structure into building blocks that are composed of circular metallic vias inside a rectangular waveguide. The generalised scattering matrix of these building blocks is obtained with highly efficient techniques specifically suited for the analysis of H-plane rectangular waveguide devices. Some building blocks are repeated along the structure, and their scattering matrix has to be computed only once. The scattering matrices of all the building blocks are cascaded and the scattering matrix of the whole filter is obtained. A SIW filter of eight coupled cavities with a bandpass response centred at 11 GHz is analysed. Results from this analysis show that the computational time has been significantly reduced when compared with other specific SIW analysis methods or with commercial general purpose software, while maintaining a good accuracy.This work was funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government under the project number TEC2013-47037-C5-1-R.Martínez-Zamora, JÁ.; Belenguer, Á.; Esteban González, H.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2016). Segmentation strategy for the efficient analysis and design of substrate integrated waveguide directly coupled cavity filters. IET Microwaves Antennas and Propagation. 10(3):283-287. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2015.0284S28328710

Compact Microstrip to Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line Transition

[EN] Substrate integrated waveguides are increasingly being used due to their capability of combining the advantages of planar circuits and traditional waveguides. The development of empty substrate integrated waveguides has substantially reduced the related insertion losses, since waves propagate through air instead of propagating through a lossy dielectric medium. Recently, a new empty coaxial structure, completely built with printed circuit boards and integrated in a substrate, has been proposed. It has been named empty substrate integrated coaxial Line (ESICL). The resulting coaxial line has low cost, easy manufacturing, low radiation, low losses, high-quality factor, and is non dispersive. A transition from grounded coplanar waveguide to ESICL already exists. In this work, a transition from microstrip to ESICL is presented for the first time. In order to demonstrate its feasibility, a back-to-back structure and a bandpass filter have been manufactured and measured.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spanish Government, under Research Project TEC2016-75934-C4-3-R and Research Project TEC2016-75934-C4-1-R.Quiles, F.; Belenguer Martínez, Á.; Martínez-Zamora, JÁ.; Nova-Giménez, V.; Esteban González, H.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2018). Compact Microstrip to Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line Transition. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. 28(12):1080-1082. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2018.2874280S10801082281

Wideband Transition for Increased-Height Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide

(c) 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.[EN] Recently, Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide (ESIW) technology was proposed for embedding empty waveguides into planar substrates in order to improve their performance. A low-loss and narrow-band transition from microstrip to an increased height ESIW with 4 layers was presented in a previous work, and used to implement a very high-quality factor bandpass filter at Q-band. With such a narrow-band transition, based on a quarter-wavelength transformer, a very narrow-band filter response with resonators having a quality factor of 1000 was achieved. In this paper, in order to overcome the narrow-band and the 4-layers output restrictions, and extend the practical use of such increased height ESIWs beyond narrow-band filters, we present a novel wideband transition from microstrip to an increased height ESIW with an arbitrary number of layers. A full suite of wideband transitions to increased height ESIWs, built with different number of substrate layers ranging from 3 to 8, has been designed in this work to operate at Ka-band, though they can be easily transferred to other bands if the dimensions of the transition are properly scaled. To illustrate this, the original Ka-band transitions have been mapped to Ku-band, with excellent results. In order to test the proposed design method, a prototype of a 4-layer structure has been fabricated at Ka-band, achieving a good performance in the whole useful bandwidth of the ESIW.This work was supported in part by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spanish Government, under Project TEC2016-75934-C4-3-R and Project TEC2016-75934-C4-1-R, and in part by the Consejeria de Educacion, Cultura y Deportes, Autonomous Government of Castilla-La Mancha, under Project SBPLY/17/180501/000351.Martínez-Zamora, JÁ.; Belenguer Martínez, A.; De Dios, JJ.; Esteban González, H.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2019). Wideband Transition for Increased-Height Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide. IEEE Access. 7:149406-149413. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2947215S149406149413

Smart farming IoT platform based on edge and cloud computing

Precision Agriculture (PA), as the integration of information, communication and control technologies in agriculture, is growing day by day. The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing paradigms offer advances to enhance PA connectivity. Nevertheless, their usage in this field is usually limited to specific scenarios of high cost, and they are not adapted to semi-arid conditions, or do not cover all PA management in an efficient way. For this reason, we propose a flexible platform able to cope with soilless culture needs in full recirculation greenhouses using moderately saline water. It is based on exchangeable low-cost hardware and supported by a three-tier open source software platform at local, edge and cloud planes. At the local plane, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) interact with crop devices to gather data and perform real-time atomic control actions. The edge plane of the platform is in charge of monitoring and managing main PA tasks near the access network to increase system reliability against network access failures. Finally, the cloud platform collects current and past records and hosts data analytics modules in a FIWARE deployment. IoT protocols like Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) or Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) are used to communicate with CPS, while Next Generation Service Interface (NGSI) is employed for southbound and northbound access to the cloud. The system has been completely instantiated in a real prototype in frames of the EU DrainUse project, allowing the control of a real hydroponic closed system through managing software for final farmers connected to the platform.This work has been sponsored by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the HIDROLEAF project (ref. RTC-2016-4827-2) and the Torres Quevedo program (grant TQ-15-08073), and the European Commission, through the DrainUse (ref. LIFE14 ENV/ES/000538) and ANASTACIA (contract 731558) projects. The authors would also like to thank the colleagues from OdinS company for their support in the prototype deployment

Compact Microstrip to Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line Transition

Substrate integrated waveguides are increasingly being used due to their capability of combining the advantages of planar circuits and traditional waveguides. The development of empty substrate integrated waveguides has substantially reduced the related insertion losses, since waves propagate through air instead of propagating through a lossy dielectric medium. Recently, a new empty coaxial structure, completely built with printed circuit boards and integrated in a substrate, has been proposed. It has been named empty substrate integrated coaxial Line (ESICL). The resulting coaxial line has low cost, easy manufacturing, low radiation, low losses, high-quality factor, and is non dispersive. A transition from grounded coplanar waveguide to ESICL already exists. In this work, a transition from microstrip to ESICL is presented for the first time. In order to demonstrate its feasibility, a back-to-back structure and a bandpass filter have been manufactured and measured

Comunidad de Aprendizaje Práctico Universitario (CAPU) para la realización de Trabajos Fin de Grado en el Departamento de Derecho Internacional

Memoria del Proyecto de Innovación Docente UCM nº 144/2022, que tiene por objeto una metodología para la realización del Trabajo de Fin de Grado de las asignaturas de Derecho Internacional Privado y Derecho Internacional Público, mediante una serie de preguntas elaboradas por el grupo de profesores sobre un conflicto o controversia internacional, de tal forma que el tema y las preguntas a responder por los alumnos esté preestablecido.Depto. de Derecho Internacional, Eclesiástico y Filosofía del DerechoFac. de DerechoFALSEsubmitte

Monitorización y seguimiento del esfuerzo realizado por los estudiantes y de su asistencia a actividades presenciales

Este artículo documenta el planteamiento, la metodología y los primeros resultados de un plan de monitorización detallada del esfuerzo y de asistencia a actividades presenciales por parte de los estudiantes de las titulaciones ofertadas por la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Navales de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid durante el segundo cuatrimestre del curso 2011-2012. Se ha establecido un sistema mecánico de recogida de datos de esfuerzo por parte de los estudiantes utilizando una hoja tipo test especialmente configurada al efecto. Se pasa una hoja en todas y cada una de las actividades presenciales realizadas y en la hoja se solicita información sobre el trabajo "fuera de clase". Se documenta en este artículo cómo se ha estructurado esa hoja, qué tipo de datos se recogen, cómo se tratan mediante una base de datos creada al efecto, qué tipo de análisis se puede realizar y qué resultados preliminares obtenemos de dichos análisis

Detection of kinase domain mutations in BCR::ABL1 leukemia by ultra-deep sequencing of genomic DNA

The screening of the BCR::ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutation has become a routine analysis in case of warning/failure for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Philadelphia (Ph)-positive patients. In this study, we present a novel DNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodology for KD ABL1 mutation detection and monitoring with a 1.0E−4 sensitivity. This approach was validated with a well-stablished RNA-based nested NGS method. The correlation of both techniques for the quantification of ABL1 mutations was high (Pearson r = 0.858, p < 0.001), offering DNA-DeepNGS a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 82%. The clinical impact was studied in a cohort of 129 patients (n = 67 for CML and n = 62 for B-ALL patients). A total of 162 samples (n = 86 CML and n = 76 B-ALL) were studied. Of them, 27 out of 86 harbored mutations (6 in warning and 21 in failure) for CML, and 13 out of 76 (2 diagnostic and 11 relapse samples) did in B-ALL patients. In addition, in four cases were detected mutation despite BCR::ABL1 < 1%. In conclusion, we were able to detect KD ABL1 mutations with a 1.0E−4 sensitivity by NGS using DNA as starting material even in patients with low levels of disease.Tis project was funded in part by CRIS CANCER FOUNDATION