Gold coating of micromechanical DNA biosensors by pulsed laser deposition

In this work, we describe the gold-coating of silicon microcantilever sensors by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and their performance as DNA biosensors. To test optimum deposition conditions for coating the sensors, silicon substrates were gold coated by PLD using the fifth harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser (213 nm, pulse duration 15 ns). The gold deposits were characterized by atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The adequate conditions were selected for coating the sensors with a 20 nm thick gold layer and subsequently functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer of thiolated DNA. To verify PLD as a tool for gold coating of biomechanical sensors, they were characterized by using a scanning laser analyzer platform. Characterization consisted in the measurement of the differential stress of the cantilevers upon hydration forces before and after functionalization with a double-stranded DNA monolayer. The measurements showed that the sensor surface stress induced by the adsorption of water molecules is approximately seven times higher than that of functionalized sensors gold coated by thermal evaporation. These results indicate that gold coating by PLD could be an advantageous method to enhance the response of biomechanical sensors based on gold-thiol chemistry.Peer Reviewe

Peripheral giant cells granuloma as a rare early manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs due to parathyroid adenoma, which as initial presentation in most cases includes recurrent nephrolithiasis (10-25%). Giant cell tumors (GDD) also called osteoclastomas or brown tumors affect the second decade of life and are currently a rare manifestation of primary hyperthyroidism. The incidence of lesion appearance in the maxillary bones is 4.5%. We presented the case of a 36 year old female patient with history of hypertension, who developed an increase in volume in the right maxillary region of 4×3 cm, with incapability of complete occlusion of dental arch, solid dysphagia, biopsy was performed with peripheral giant cells granuloma as a result, PTH serum levels were requested, with result of 1175 pg/ml and serum calcium of 13.24 mg/dl. Parathyroid gammagram was performed with hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. Patient underwent a selective parathyroidectomy. She had an adequate postoperative evolution and was discharged without complications. The patient had adequate follow up by head and neck surgery in external consultation, serum calcium 7.66 mg/dl, decrease of volume in right maxillary region to 3×3 cm; pathology report with parathyroid adenoma. Surgical treatment of brown tumor is still pending by the maxillofacial surgery department

Protease inhibitor monotherapy is associated with a higher level of monocyte activation, bacterial translocation and inflammation

Introduction Monotherapy with protease-inhibitors (MPI) may be an alternative to cART for HIV treatment. We assessed the impact of this strategy on immune activation, bacterial translocation and inflammation. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study comparing patients on successful MPI (n=40) with patients on cART (n=20). Activation, senescence, exhaustion and differentiation stage in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets, markers of monocyte activation, microbial translocation, inflammation, coagulation and low-level viremia were assessed. Results CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocyte subset parameters were not significantly different between both groups. Conversely, as compared with triple cART, MPI patients showed a higher proportion of activated monocytes (CD14+ CD16−CD163+ cells, p=0.031), soluble markers of monocyte activation (sCD14 p=0.004, sCD163 p=0.002), microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein; LBP p=0.07), inflammation (IL-6 p=0.04) and low-level viremia (p=0.035). In a multivariate model, a higher level of CD14+ CD16−CD163+ cells and sCD14, and presence of very low-level viremia were independently associated with MPI. Monocyte activation was independently associated with markers of inflammation (IL-6, p=0.006), microbial translocation (LBP, p=0.01) and low-level viremia (p=0.01). Conclusions Patients on MPI showed a higher level of monocyte activation than patients on standard therapy. Microbial translocation and low-level viremia were associated with the high level of monocyte activation observed in patients on MPI. The long-term clinical consequences of these findings should be assessed

Feto-placental development in the rabbit is altered by maternal food restriction from early pregnancy

Feto-placental development in the rabbit is altered by maternal food restriction from early pregnancy Maternal under-nutrition can induce Intrauterine Growth Restriction by placental insufficiency. To determine the consequences in the rabbit feto-placental unit, 32 pregnant rabbits were allocated in three feeding groups: ad libitum diet (Group C; n=9); restricted to 50% of their ad libitum intake during the pre-implantational period (Day 0 to Day 7) (Group PR; n=11) or restricted from Day 0 to Day 28 (Group TR; n=12)

The effects of sildenafil citrate on the fetoplacental development and hemodynamics in a rabbit model of intrauterina growth restriction

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of sildenafil citrate (SC) to improve placental and fetal growth in a diet-induced rabbit model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Pregnant rabbits were fed either ad libitum (Group C) or restricted to 50% of dietary requirements (Group R) or restricted and treated with SC (Group SC). The treatment with SC improved placental development by increasing vascularity and vessel hypertrophy in the decidua. The assessment of feto–placental haemodynamics showed higher resistance and pulsatility indices at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in fetuses treated with SC when compared with Group R, which had increased systolic peak and time-averaged mean velocities at the MCA. Furthermore, fetuses in the SC group had significantly higher biparietal and thoracic diameters and longer crown–rump lengths than fetuses in Group R. Hence, the SC group had a reduced IUGR rate and a higher kit size at birth compared with Group R. In conclusion, SC may provide potential benefits in pregnancies with placental insufficiency and IUGR, partially counteracting the negative effects of food restriction on placental development and fetal growth. However, the present study also found evidence of a possible blood overflow in the brain that warrants further investigation

Impact of Sexualized Substance Use and Other Risk Practices on HCV Microelimination in gbMSM Living with HIV: Urgent Need for Targeted Strategies

In the original publication of the article, the article funding note was incorrectly published, the correct one should read as: This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project ‘‘PI18/00583’’ and co-funded by European Regional Development Fund ‘‘A way to make Europe’’. This has been corrected in this paper. © The Author(s) 2022

PARÁMETROS BIOLÓGICOS DE APANTELES NR. ARISTOTELIAE (VIERECK) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), PARASITOIDE DEL ENROLLADOR DE LAS HOJAS, AMORBIA SP. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Apanteles nr. Aristoteliae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an endoparasitoid of the leafroller Amorbia sp. (Lepdidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae. In this study, the life cycle, parasitism, sex ratio, and longevity of adults of this parasitoid were determined under laboratory conditions (22 ± 2 ºC, 60 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8h [light:dark]). The life cycle of this parasitoid was 42.45 ± 0.76 days. The duration of development stages of egg-larva, pupa and adult was 14.04 ± 0.05, 9.22 ± 0.07, and 19.36 ± 0.74 days, respectively. Each A. nr. aristoteliae female parasitized 73.33 ± 7.55 Amorbia sp. larvae. The sex ratio of F1 generation was 95.1% males (n = 912). Longevity of adults was significantly different (U = 564, P = 0.01) between mated males (27 ± 2.55 days) and virgins (19.75 ± 0.70 days) but not (U = 182, P = 0.3) between mated females that were exposed to parasitization during all its life (26.4 ± 2.88 days), and virgins (23.13 ± 1.4 days). In order to obtain a better understanding about life parameters of A. nr. aristoteliae, future studies that include different rearing conditions (e.g., temperature and space) are needed.Apanteles nr. aristoteliae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) es un endoparasitoide de larvas del enrollador de las hojas Amorbia sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). En este estudio se determinó, bajo condiciones de laboratorio (22 ± 2 ºC, 60 ± 5% de humedad relativa y un fotoperiodo de 16:8 h [luz: oscuridad]) el ciclo de vida, parasitismo, proporción sexual y longevidad de adultos de este parasitoide. La duración del ciclo de vida fue de 42.45 ± 0.76 días. El tiempo de desarrollo de los estados de huevolarva, pupa y adulto fue de 14.04 ± 0.05, 9.22 ± 0.07 y 19.36 ± 0.74 días, respectivamente. A lo largo de toda su vida, cada hembra de A. nr. aristoteliae parasitó 73.33 ± 7.55 larvas del enrollador de las hojas Amorbia sp. La proporción sexual de la generación F1 fue de 95.1% machos (n = 912). La longevidad de los adultos fue significativamente distinta (U = 564, P = 0.01) entre los machos apareados (27 ± 2.55 días) y vírgenes (19.75 ± 0.70 días), pero no (U = 182, P = 0.3) entre las hembras apareadas y que fueron sometidas a parasitación durante toda su vida (26.4 ± 2.88 días) y vírgenes (23.13 ± 1.4 días). Con el fin de obtener un mejor conocimiento de los parámetros de vida del parasitoide A. nr. aristoteliae, es necesario realizar futuros estudios que incluyan diferentes condiciones de cría (ej., temperatura y espacio)

Boceprevir plus pegylated interferon/ribavirin to re-treat hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in HIV-HCV co-infected patients: final results of the Spanish BOC HIV-HCV Study

Introduction Boceprevir (BOC) was one of the first oral inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease to be developed. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of BOC + pegylated interferon-α2a/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) in the retreatment of HIV-HCV co-infected patients with HCV genotype 1. Methods This was a phase III prospective trial. HIV-HCV (genotype 1) co-infected patients from 16 hospitals in Spain were included. These patients received 4 weeks of PEG-IFN/RBV (lead-in), followed by response-guided therapy with PEG-IFN/RBV plus BOC (a fixed 44 weeks was indicated in the case of cirrhosis). The primary endpoint was the sustained virological response (SVR) rate at 24 weeks post-treatment. Efficacy and safety were evaluated in all patients who received at least one dose of the study drug. Results From June 2013 to April 2014, 102 patients were enrolled, 98 of whom received at least one treatment dose. Seventy-three percent were male, 34% were cirrhotic, 23% had IL28b CC, 65% had genotype 1a, and 41% were previous null responders. The overall SVR rate was 67%. Previous null-responders and cirrhotic patients had lower SVR rates (57% and 51%, respectively). Seventy-six patients (78%) completed the therapy scheme; the most common reasons for discontinuation were lack of response at week 12 (12 patients) and adverse events (six patients). Conclusions Response-guided therapy with BOC in combination with PEG-IFN/RBV led to an overall SVR rate of 67%, but an SVR rate of only 51% in patients with cirrhosis. The therapy was generally well tolerated. Although the current standards of care do not include BOC + PEG-IFN/RBV, the authors believe that this combination can be beneficial in situations where new HCV direct antiviral agent interferon-free therapies are not available yet

Níveis de calcidiol e manutenção da função muscular, capacidade funcional e densidade mineral óssea em uma população espanhola não selecionada.

Introduction: Vitamin D has beneficial effects that supposedly contribute to the maintenance of musculoskeletal function. Objective: To analyze in an unselected population the effect of calcidiol levels on the muscular function of both hands, on the activities of daily living and on changes in bone mineral density (BMD). Material and methods: The cohort of the EVOS study was used, which performed, among others, measurements of muscle strength of grasping both hands, questions related to the difficulty in performing daily activities, densitometric study of the lumbar and hip spine and biochemistry for determination calcidiol levels. Results: Calcidiol values ​​≥20 ng / mL were associated with increased grip muscle strength in both hands. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI and seasonality, calcidiol levels <20 ng / mL were independently associated with decreased muscle grip strength only in the left hand (OR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.03 -5, 38) Likewise, the inability or difficulty in "picking up a book or object on a high shelf" and "getting out of bed" was significantly associated with calcidiol levels <20 ng / mL. Calcidiol levels <20 ng / mL were associated with greater losses of BMD in the femoral neck and in the total hip. These associations were maintained in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The maintenance of calcidiol levels ≥20 ng / mL was associated with greater muscle grip strength in the hands, maintenance of daily activities and less loss of BMD in the hip. This study corroborates the usefulness of maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D to maintain musculoskeletal function.Introdução: A vitamina D tem efeitos benéficos que supostamente contribuem para a manutenção da função músculo-esquelética. Objetivo: Analisar em uma população não selecionada o efeito dos níveis de calcidiol na função muscular de ambas as mãos, nas atividades da vida diária e nas alterações na densidade mineral óssea (DMO). Material e métodos: Utilizou-se a coorte do estudo EVOS, que realizou, entre outras, medidas de força muscular de preensão nas duas mãos, questões relacionadas à dificuldade na realização das atividades diárias, estudo densitométrico da coluna lombar e quadril e bioquímica para determinação dos níveis de calcidiol. Resultados: Valores de calcidiol ≥20 ng / mL foram associados ao aumento da força muscular de preensão em ambas as mãos. Após o ajuste para idade, sexo, IMC e sazonalidade, os níveis de calcidiol <20 ng / mL foram associados de forma independente à diminuição da força de preensão muscular apenas na mão esquerda (OR = 2,35, IC 95% 1,03-5, 38) Da mesma forma, a incapacidade ou dificuldade em "pegar um livro ou objeto em uma prateleira alta" e "sair da cama" foi significativamente associada a níveis de calcidiol <20 ng / mL. Níveis de calcidiol <20 ng / mL foram associados a maiores perdas de DMO no colo do fêmur e no quadril total. Essas associações foram mantidas na análise multivariada. Conclusões: A manutenção de níveis de calcidiol ≥20 ng / mL foi associada a maior força de preensão muscular nas mãos, manutenção das atividades diárias e menor perda de DMO no quadril. Este estudo corrobora a utilidade de manter níveis adequados de vitamina D para manter a função músculo-esquelética

Composition, potential emissions and agricultural value of pig slurry from Spanish commercial farms

[EN] Pig slurry is a valuable fertilizer for crop production but at the same time its management may pose environmental risks. Slurry samples were collected from 77 commercial farms of four animal categories (gestating and lactating sows, nursery piglets and growing pigs) and analyzed for macronutrients, micronutrients, heavy metals and volatile fatty acids. Emissions of ammonia (NH3) and biochemical methane potential (BMP) were quantified. Slurry electrical conductivity, pH, dry matter content and ash content were also determined. Data analysis included an analysis of correlations among variables, the development of predictionmodels for gaseousemissions and the analysis of nutritional content of slurries for crop production. Descriptive information is provided in this work and shows a wide range of variability in all studied variables. Animal category affected some physicochemical parameters, probably as a consequence of different slurry management and use of cleaning water. Slurries from gestating sows and growing pigs tended to be more concentrated in nutrients, whereas the slurry from lactating sows and nursery piglets tended to be more diluted. Relevant relationships were found among slurry characteristics expressed in fresh basis and gas emissions. Predictivemodels using on-farmmeasurable parameterswere obtained forNH3 (R2 = 0.51) andCH4 (R2 = 0.76), which suggests that BMP may be estimated in commercial farms from easily determined slurry characteristics. Finally, slurry nutrient composition was highly variable. Therefore, complete analyses of slurries should be performed for an effective and environmental friendly land application.This project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2011-30023) and the Valencian Government (ACOMP/2013/118). We thank the BABEL Project, Building Academic Bonds between Europe and Latin America. Erasmus Mundus Programme Action 2 for PhD fellowships. 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