School bullying and gender-based relationships: A theoretical approach

Esta investigación realiza un análisis con perspectiva de género de la violencia en la adolescencia centrándonos especialmente en la que se produce en el ámbito escolar. Hemos realizado un recorrido por la terminología de la violencia evidenciando relaciones de poder asimétricas entre los/as adolescentes que derivan en actitudes sexistas y conductas de violencia. Para continuar centrándonos en el estudio del género y la violencia escolar, comparamos algunas de las investigaciones más destacadas acerca de la incidencia de la violencia en el ámbito escolar, para luego reflexionar sobre las causas, procedimientos y escenarios que legitimizan y mantienen estas conductas. Por último, sugerimos algunas líneas de actuación desde distintas instancias sociales que se encaminen hacia su prevención.This research analyses gender violence in adolescence focusing especially where it occurs in schools. We conducted a review of the terminology of violence showing an asymmetrical power relationship between the teenagers which lead to sexist attitudes and violent behaviour. To focus on the study of gender and violence in schools, we compared several of the most relevant research articles on the incidence of this violence in order to reflect into the causes, procedures and scenarios that legitimise and maintain these behaviours. Finally, we suggest some guidelines from various social institutions that are aimed at preventing this behaviour

Biochemical and mutational studies of allantoinase from Bacillus licheniformis CECT 20T.

Allantoinases (allantoin amidohydrolase, E.C. 3.5.2.5) catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond of allantoin to form allantoic acid, in those organisms where allantoin is not the final product of uric acid degradation. Despite their importance in the purine catabolic pathway, sequences of microbial allantoinases with proven activity are scarce, and only the enzyme from Escherichia coli (AllEco) has been studied in detail in the genomic era. In this work, we report the cloning, purification and characterization of the recombinant allantoinase from Bacillus licheniformis CECT 20T (AllBali). The enzyme was a homotetramer with an apparent Tm of 62 ± 1 °C. Optimal parameters for the enzyme activity were pH 7.5 and 50 °C, showing apparent Km and kcat values of 17.7 ± 2.7 mM and 24.4 ± 1.5 s−1, respectively. Co2+ proved to be the most effective cofactor, inverting the enantioselectivity of AllBali when compared to that previously reported for other allantoinases. The common ability of different cyclic amidohydrolases to hydrolyze distinct substrates to the natural one also proved true for AllBali. The enzyme was able to hydrolyze hydantoin, dihydrouracil and 5-ethyl-hydantoin, although at relative rates 3–4 orders of magnitude lower than with allantoin. Mutagenesis experiments suggest that S292 is likely implicated in the binding of the allantoin ring through the carbonyl group of the polypeptide main chain, which is the common mechanism observed in other members of the amidohydrolase family. In addition, our results suggest an allosteric effect of H2O2 toward allantoinase.pre-print829 K

Biochemical and Mutational Studies of the Bacillus cereus CECT 5050T Formamidase Support the Existence of a C-E-E-K Tetrad in Several Members of the Nitrilase Superfamily.

Formamidases (EC 3.5.1.49) are poorly characterized proteins. In spite of this scarce knowledge, ammonia has been described as playing a central role in the pathogenesis of human pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, for which formamidase has been shown to participate in the nitrogen metabolic pathway. Sequence analysis has revealed that at least two different groups of formamidases are classified as EC 3.5.1.49: on the one hand, the derivatives of the FmdA-AmdA superfamily, which are the best studied to date, and on the other hand, the derivatives of Helicobacter pylori AmiF. Here we present the cloning, purification, and characterization of a recombinant formamidase from Bacillus cereus CECT 5050T (BceAmiF), the second member of the AmiF subfamily to be characterized, showing new features of the enzyme further supporting its relationship with aliphatic amidases. We also present homology modeling-based mutational studies confirming the importance of the Glu140 and Tyr191 residues in the enzymatic activities of the AmiF family. Moreover, we can conclude that a second glutamate residue is critical in several members of the nitrilase superfamily, meaning that what has consistently been identified as a C-E-K triad is in fact a C-E-E-K tetrad.pre-print615 K

Heritage, geographical scale and didactic potentiality: Students and teachers’ perspectives

Heritage and space establish reciprocal relations that have been studied for decades. On the one hand, heritage has been described as an inherently spatial phenomenon. On the other hand, places are defined according to the attributes that make up their identity, among which heritage is a fundamental instrument. On the basis of the idea that education plays an important role in the socialization process, transmitted by the inherited culture, to integrate each subject within the specific community, and the notion of scale as the closest to heritage, we defined as general objectives to determine the relationships between geographic scales, heritage perspective and the didactic potential granted to heritage, within the framework of the construction of collective identities, and to contrast the perspectives of students and teachers regarding the geographical scale, heritage and their didactic potential, deducing implications for educational practices. In order to answer to these objectives, we carried out a non-experimental quantitative research, with a relational-predictive objective. Specifically, we used a survey method, being the context the whole of the local scale (Fuente Álamo, Murcia, Spain) and acting as participants all students and teachers of Secondary Education (n = 459) linked to social sciences. They answered the Test on Didactic Potentiality of Heritage according to Scale (TDPHS), and its information was analysed through different procedures (Spearman’s correlations, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U…), using the statistical programs SPSS. The results show, on the one hand, that the scalar perspective scores are generally low, heritage perspective is consistent with the consideration of the scales, and the perceived didactic potential in relation to heritage is related to the importance given to each of the scales; and, on the other hand, the contrast in the perspectives of students and teachers regarding the geographical scale, heritage and their didactic potential is minimal

How do entrepreneurial firms manage human resources? The REDUR case

This paper analyzes the human resources management in a familiar and entrepreneurial company, REDUR. Specifically, it is analyzed the characteristics and the main problems of the human resources area along the company’s cycle of life. Nowadays, REDUR is in the growth stage. The work shows that the human resources management goes becoming more formal and that formation and selection are the most important practices. Exactly, in which refers to these practices, they use graphology, as technique to select personal, and they consider especially important the socialization. The reason can be that businesses in growth emphasize person-organization fit.Familiar businesses, entrepreneurship, human resource management and cycle of life.

Social and cognitive determinants in entrepreneurial interest: an exploratory study among argentine students

In this paper we analyze the intentions in creating a business on the part of a group of Argentine students in Strategic Human Resources Management in the University of Buenos Aires. The results of the study show that these students want to create their own business, but their possibilities depend on several factors. Among all of them, self-efficacy stands out; those students who show more self-efficacy are those who demonstrate more intention for creating a business. This intention is minor for the students who possess more social support. Neither family charges nor previous experience in entrepreneurship have a significant effect.Entrepreneruship, cognitive factors, social factors.

Brand umbrella and made in the international competitiveness of granite.

Spain, like Italy, the traditional leader of granite sector, has seen how China, India or Brazil have risen several positions on global production and export rankings. In a globalized context, it's necessary a good differentiation from international competitors, much more when this is a generic product that offers suitable prices and quality. One way to identify and differentiate it, is providing value by creating a brand. In this paper we study the utility of a strategy based on made in for Galicia, major production location for the industry in Spain; an alternative that seems attractive to enterprises, but whose implementation requires strong collaboration between firms and public and private institutions.Granite; brand; made in; internacionalization

The Conformational Stability and Biophysical Properties of the Eukaryotic Thioredoxins of Pisum Sativum Are Not Family-Conserved

Thioredoxins (TRXs) are ubiquitous proteins involved in redox processes. About forty genes encode TRX or TRX-related proteins in plants, grouped in different families according to their subcellular localization. For instance, the h-type TRXs are located in cytoplasm or mitochondria, whereas f-type TRXs have a plastidial origin, although both types of proteins have an eukaryotic origin as opposed to other TRXs. Herein, we study the conformational and the biophysical features of TRXh1, TRXh2 and TRXf from Pisum sativum. The modelled structures of the three proteins show the well-known TRX fold. While sharing similar pH-denaturations features, the chemical and thermal stabilities are different, being PsTRXh1 (Pisum sativum thioredoxin h1) the most stable isoform; moreover, the three proteins follow a three-state denaturation model, during the chemical-denaturations. These differences in the thermal- and chemical-denaturations result from changes, in a broad sense, of the several ASAs (accessible surface areas) of the proteins. Thus, although a strong relationship can be found between the primary amino acid sequence and the structure among TRXs, that between the residue sequence and the conformational stability and biophysical properties is not. We discuss how these differences in the biophysical properties of TRXs determine their unique functions in pea, and we show how residues involved in the biophysical features described (pH-titrations, dimerizations and chemical-denaturations) belong to regions involved in interaction with other proteins. Our results suggest that the sequence demands of protein-protein function are relatively rigid, with different protein-binding pockets (some in common) for each of the three proteins, but the demands of structure and conformational stability per se (as long as there is a maintained core), are less so

Social and cognitive determinants in entrepreneurial interest: an exploratory study among Argentine students

[ES] En este artículo analizamos las intenciones de emprender un negocio por parte de un grupo de estudiantes argentinos que cursaban la especialización en Dirección Estratégica de Recursos Humanos en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Los resultados del estudio muestran que estos estudiantes desean crear su propio negocio, pero las posibilidades de creación del mismo dependen de varios factores. Entre todos ellos destaca la autoeficacia; aquellos estudiantes que muestran puntuaciones más elevadas en esta variable son los que manifiestan más intención por crear un negocio. Esta intención, en contra de lo esperado, es menor para los alumnos que señalan poseer más apoyo social. No encontramos que las cargas familiares o la experiencia previa en creación de empresas tengan un efecto significativo.[EN] In this paper we analyze the intentions in creating a business on the part of a group of Argentinian students in Strategic Human Resources Management in the University of Buenos Aires. The results of the study show that these students want to create their own business, but their possibilities depend on several factors. Among all of them, self-efficacy stands out; those students who show more self-efficacy are those who demonstrate more intention for creating a business. This intention is minor for the students who possess more social support. Neither family charges nor previous experience in entrepreneurship have a significant effect

How do entrepreneurial firms manage human resources? The REDUR case

[ES] En este trabajo se analiza la dirección de los recursos humanos en una empresa familiar y emprendedora, REDUR. En concreto, analizamos las características y los principales problemas en esta área a lo largo de la vida de la empresa. Actualmente REDUR se encuentra en su etapa de crecimiento. El estudio realizado nos ha permitido saber que la gestión de recursos humanos va adquiriendo un carácter más formal y que la formación y la contratación son las prácticas más importantes. Precisamente, en lo que se refiere a estas prácticas, destaca la utilización de la grafología, como técnica para seleccionar al personal, y la importancia de la socialización. Esto se puede deber a que las empresas en crecimiento priorizan el ajuste persona-organización.[EN] This paper analyzes the human resources management in a familiar and entrepreneurial company, REDUR. Specifically, it is analyzed the characteristics and the main problems of the human resources area along the company’s cycle of life. Nowadays, REDUR is in the growth stage. The work shows that the human resources management goes becoming more formal and that formation and selection are the most important practices. Exactly, in which refers to these practices, they use graphology, as technique to select personal, and they consider especially important the socialization. The reason can be that businesses in growth emphasize person-organization fit