De la horizontalidad y decolonialidad hacia una lectoescritura crítica, creativa e incluyente

Given the need to generate theoretical and pragmatic conditions for the development of critical, creative and inclusive skills that reverse the poor literacy performance of young Mexican students, this article proposes a critical approach to this problem through two strategies. First, through the examination of the epistemic frameworks offered by horizontal methodologies and the theory of decoloniality, as perspectives that dismantle the hegemonic forms with which knowledge has been generated and taught in the West; second, through the review of cognitive, sociocultural and discursive-textual elements that give meaning to the learning of critical, creative and inclusive skills through literacy. It is concluded that, to achieve a pedagogical proposal in these terms, it is necessary to incorporate into the critical tenor of horizontal methodologies and decoloniality, reflection on the student's learning contexts and the knowledge that is part of the experiential and scientific heritage.Ante la necesidad de generar condiciones teóricas y pragmáticas para el desarrollo de habilidades críticas, creativas e incluyentes que reviertan el pobre desempeño lectoescritural de los jóvenes estudiantes mexicanos, este artículo propone un acercamiento crítico a dicho problema mediante dos estrategias. Primero, a través del examen de los marcos epistémicos que ofrecen las metodologías horizontales y la teoría de la decolonialidad, en tanto perspectivas que desmontan las formas hegemónicas con que se ha generado y se enseña el conocimiento en occidente; segundo, mediante la revisión de elementos cognitivos, socioculturales y discursivo-textuales que dan sentido al aprendizaje de habilidades críticas, creativas e incluyentes mediante la lectoescritura. Se concluye que, para lograr una propuesta pedagógica en esos términos, es necesario incorporar al tenor crítico de las metodologías horizontales y de la decolonialidad, la reflexión sobre los contextos de aprendizaje del estudiante y los saberes que son parte del acervo experiencial y científico

Relationship between Serum Concentration of Uric Acid and Insulin Secretion among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

To determine the relationship between serum concentrations of uric acid and insulin secretion with hyperglycaemic clamp technique among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without hyperuricemia, we carried out a cross-sectional study on 45 patients of both gender. We observed correlation between uric acid with male gender r = 0.710 (P = 0.001). Also correlation between uric acid and total insulin secretion was positive r = 0.295 (P = 0.049). As well as a positive correlation adjusted for body mass index was demonstrated for the first, second, and total phases of insulin secretion, respectively, r = 0.438 (P = 0.022), r = 0.433 (P = 0.022), and r = 0.439 (P = 0.024). Serum concentration of uric acid showed a positive relationship with the total phase of insulin secretion; even in states prior to hyperuricemia, uric acid can play an important role in the function of the beta cell in patients with DM2

Liver fibrosis secondary to bile duct injury: correlation of Smad7 with TGF-β and extracellular matrix proteins

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Liver fibrosis is the result of continuous liver injury stemming from different etiological factors. Bile duct injury induces an altered expression of TGF-β, which has an important role in liver fibrosis because this cytokine induces the expression of target genes such as collagens, PAI-1, TIMPs, and others that lead to extracellular matrix deposition. Smad7 is the principal inhibitor that regulates the target gene transcription of the TGF-β signaling. The aim of the study was to determine whether Smad7 mRNA expression correlates with the gene expression of <it>TGF-β, Col I</it>, <it>Col III</it>, <it>Col IV</it>, or <it>PAI-1 </it>in liver fibrosis secondary to bile duct injury (BDI).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Serum TGF-β concentration was higher in BDI patients (39 296 pg/ml) than in liver donors (9008 pg/ml). Morphometric analysis of liver sections showed 41.85% of tissue contained fibrotic deposits in BDI patients. mRNA expression of Smad7, Col I, and PAI-1 was also significantly higher (<it>P </it>< 0.05) in patients with BDI than in controls. Smad7 mRNA expression correlated significantly with TGF-β concentration, Col I and Col III expression, and the amount of fibrosis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We found augmented serum concentration of TGF-β and an increase in the percentage of fibrotic tissue in the liver of BDI patients. Contrary to expected results, the 6-fold increase in <it>Smad7 </it>expression did not inhibit the expression of <it>TGF-β, collagens</it>, and <it>PAI-1</it>. We also observed greater expression of Col I and Col III mRNA in BDI patients and significant correlations between their expression and TGF-β concentration and Smad7 mRNA expression.</p