A Compact Array Transducer for Full Calibration of Underwater Acoustic Detection Neutrino Telescopes

[EN] KM3NeT, the underwater neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea, is a detector under construction. KM3NeT uses Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) to detect neutrinos but there will be a study about the viability to acoustic detection of neutrinos using mainly the acoustic sensors the telescope has for positioning purposes. For this, it is necessary to calibrate and test the acoustic response of the receivers in the detector to determine the sensitivity to detect the neutrino acoustic signal and discriminate it from the environmental background. In this work, the strategy for the calibration of the sensor system using a compact array using three steps (frequency, directivity and neutrino signal-like) is described. Moreover, some R&D activities and results about the second step (long parametric directive signals) are shown.Financial support of the Spanish Plan Estatal de Investigación, ref. PGC2018-096663-B-C43 (MICINN/FEDER)Ardid Ramírez, M.; Tortosa, DD.; Martínez Mora, JA. (2019). A Compact Array Transducer for Full Calibration of Underwater Acoustic Detection Neutrino Telescopes. IEEE. 591-595. https://doi.org/10.1109/IOTSMS48152.2019.8939244S59159

Optimization of Dimensions of Cylindrical Piezoceramics as Radio-Clean Low Frequency Acoustic Sensors

[EN] Circular piezoelectric transducers with axial polarization are proposed as low frequency acoustic sensors for dark matter bubble chamber detectors. The axial vibration behaviour of the transducer is studied by three different methods: analytical models, FEM simulation, and experimental setup. To optimize disk geometry for this application, the dependence of the vibrational modes in function of the diameter-to-thickness ratio from 0.5 (a tall cylinder) to 20.0 (a thin disk) has been studied. Resonant and antiresonant frequencies for each of the lowest modes are determined and electromechanical coupling coefficients are calculated. From this analysis, due to the requirements of radiopurity and little volume, optimal diameter-to-thickness ratios for good transducer performance are discussed.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), Grants FPA-2015-65150-C3-2P, and Consolider MultiDark CSD2009-00064. Thanks as well are due to the PICO Collaboration members for the fruitful discussions, suggestions, and comments.Ardid Ramírez, M.; Felis-Enguix, I.; Martínez Mora, JA.; Otero-Vega, JE. (2017). Optimization of Dimensions of Cylindrical Piezoceramics as Radio-Clean Low Frequency Acoustic Sensors. Journal of Sensors. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/81796721

Underwater Acoustic Positioning System for the Monitoring of KM3NeT Optical Modules

[EN] KM3NeT, the underwater neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea, is a detector under construction. KM3NeT uses Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) to detect neutrinos by detecting the Cherenkov light of relativistic particles produced in the interaction. To reconstruct the neutrino event and the coming direction, it is necessary to monitor the position of each DOM, which is not fixed since it is mounted in flexible string lines, held close to vertical by buoys but sensitive to sea currents. A piezo-ceramic transducer is installed inside of each DOM. Using some emitters anchored in the sea floor it is possible to calculate the position of the DOMs by triangulation of distances obtained from the determination of the time of flight of the acoustic wave. In this work, the acoustic model used for the simulation of the system is described and the results presented.[ES] KM3NeT, el detector submarino que se encuentra en construcción en el Mar Mediterráneo, usa Módulos Digitales Ópticos (DOMs) para localizar neutrinos, a través de la detección de la luz de Cherenkov producida por partículas relativistas durante la interacción con el agua. Para reconstruir el camino seguido por el neutrino, es necesario saber la posición de cada DOM, el cuál no se encuentra fijo ya que está sujeto a unos cables anclados que se mantienen en vertical gracias a una boya en el final de la línea, lo cual la hace sensible al movimiento de las corrientes marinas. Cada DOM contiene instalada una cerámica piezoeléctrica, como receptor acústico, y usando unos emisores anclados en el fondo del mar se puede estimar la posición de cada DOM triangulando las distancias entre ellos, las cuales se saben por el tiempo de vuelo de la señal acústica. En este trabajo, se presenta una simulación del sistema y se describe el modelo acústico usado.Ardid Ramírez, M.; Bou Cabo, M.; D. Tortosa, D.; Martínez Mora, JA.; Poirè, C. (2019). Underwater Acoustic Positioning System for the Monitoring of KM3NeT Optical Modules. Revista de Acústica. 50(3-4):24-33. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/160009S2433503-

Integration of business and manufacturing processes through industrial machinery as a service approach

In manufacturing organizations is difficult to reach the requirements of the new business models (agile and dynamic adaptation to changes) due to technological and conceptual constraints between elements located at different levels of the organization, which prevents the integration of business and manufacturing processes. In this paper, a new industrial machinery model that achieves this integration has been proposed. This model, named IMaaS, shows the industrial machinery as a set of business processes, removing the conceptual constraints, and exposed as services, removing technology constraints.This work was supported in part by the Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, University of Alicante (Proyectos de investigación emergentes 2010: Sistema de gestión de procesos integral en entornos manufactureros. Aplicación a la fabricación ágil)

Acoustic parametric techniques for neutrino telescopes

[EN] In this work, we present a compact transmitter array based on the parametric acoustic sources effect able to reproduce the acoustic signature of an Ultra-High Energy neutrino interaction in water. We also propose to use directive transducers using the parametric technique for the characterization of piezo-ceramic sensors contained in the KM3NeT DOMs. This technique can minimize the need for an anechoic tank.Ardid Ramírez, M.; Tortosa, DD.; Llorens Alvarez, CD.; Martínez Mora, JA.; Saldaña-Coscollar, M. (2019). Acoustic parametric techniques for neutrino telescopes. EPJ Web of Conferences (Online). 216:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921604001S13216Saldana M., PhD Thesis, Acoustic System Development for Neutrino Underwater Detectors. Gandia: Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (2017)Buis E.J.; et al. Characterization of the KM3NeT hydrophone. ARENA2018 this issue

Método para la detección de intrusos mediante redes neuronales basado en la reducción de características

La aplicación de técnicas basadas en Inteligencia Artificial para la detección de intrusos (IDS), fundamentalmente las redes neuronales artificiales (ANN), están demostrando ser un enfoque muy adecuado para paliar muchos de los problemas abiertos en esta área. Sin embargo, el gran volumen de información que se requiere cada día para entrenar estos sistemas, junto con la necesidad exponencial de tiempo que requieren para asimilarlos, dificulta enormemente su puesta en marcha en escenarios reales. En este trabajo se propone un método basado en la aplicación de una técnica para la reducción de características, denominada Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). El PCA permite obtener un modelo para la reducción del tamaño de los vectores de entrada a la ANN, asegurando que la pérdida de información sea mínima y, en consecuencia, disminuyendo la complejidad del clasificador neuronal y manteniendo estables los tiempos de entrenamiento. Para validar la propuesta se ha diseñado un escenario de prueba mediante un IDS basado en ANN. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de las pruebas realizadas demuestran la validez de la propuesta y acreditan las líneas futuras de trabajo.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España bajo el proyecto de investigación TIN2006-04081 y por la Generalitat Valenciana bajo el proyecto de investigación GV/2007175

R&D studies for the development of a compact transmitter able to mimic the acousticsignature of a UHE neutrino interaction

[EN] Calibration of acoustic neutrino telescopes with neutrino-like signals is essential to evaluate the feasibility of the technique and to know the efficiency of the detectors. However, it is not straightforward to have acoustic transmitters that, on one hand, are able to mimic the signature of a UHE neutrino interaction, that is, a bipolar acoustic pulse with the 'pancake' directivity, and on the other hand, fulfil practical issues such as ease of deployment and operation. This is a non-trivial problem since it requires directive transducer with cylindrical symmetry for a broadband frequency range. Classical solutions using linear arrays of acoustic transducers result in long arrays with many elements, which increase the cost and the complexity for deployment and operation. In this paper we present the extension of our previous R&D studies using the parametric acoustic source technique by dealing with the cylindrical symmetry and demonstrating that it is possible to use this technique for having a compact solution that could be much more easily included in neutrino telescope infrastructures or used in specific sea campaigns for calibration. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.This work has been supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio´n (Spain Government), project references FPA2007- 63729, FPA2009-13983-C02-02, ACI2009-1067 and ConsoliderIngenio Multidark (CSD2009-00064). It has also being funded by Generalitat Valenciana, Prometeo/2009/26.Ardid Ramírez, M.; Adrián Martínez, S.; Bou Cabo, M.; Larosa, G.; Martínez Mora, JA.; Espinosa Roselló, V.; Camarena Femenia, F.... (2012). R&D studies for the development of a compact transmitter able to mimic the acousticsignature of a UHE neutrino interaction. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 662:206-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.11.139S20620966

Underwater Communication Using Acoustic Parametric Arrays

[EN] This paper presents a study of different types of parametric signals with application to submarine acoustic telecommunications. In all of them, the carrier frequency is 200 kHz, which corresponds to that resonation of the transducer under study, while they differ by the different modulations they present. In this sense, we study modulations with sweeps (4 to 40 kHz), in which represent binary codes (zeros and ones), getting closer to the application in acoustic telecommunications. The different properties of the transmitting signals in terms of communication speed, directivity, efficiency and power needed are discussed as well.We acknowledge the financial support of Plan Estatal de Investigación, ref. FPA2015-65150-C3-2-P (MINECO/FEDER), and of the Generalitat Valenciana, Grant PrometeoII/2014/079.Ardid Ramírez, M.; Campo-Valera, MM.; Tortosa, DD.; Felis-Enguix, I.; Llorens Alvarez, CD.; Martínez Mora, JA. (2018). Underwater Communication Using Acoustic Parametric Arrays. Proceedings. 2(139):1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-4-04907S17213

Science with Neutrino Telescopes in Spain

[EN] The primary scientific goal of neutrino telescopes is the detection and study of cosmic neutrino signals. However, the range of physics topics that these instruments can tackle is exceedingly wide and diverse. Neutrinos coming from outside the Earth, in association with othermessengers, can contribute to clarify the question of the mechanisms that power the astrophysical accelerators which are known to exist from the observation of high-energy cosmic and gamma rays. Cosmic neutrinos can also be used to bring relevant information about the nature of dark matter, to study the intrinsic properties of neutrinos and to look for physics beyond the Standard Model. Likewise, atmospheric neutrinos can be used to study an ample variety of particle physics issues, such as neutrino oscillation phenomena, the determination of the neutrino mass ordering, non-standard neutrino interactions, neutrino decays and a diversity of other physics topics. In this article, we review a selected number of these topics, chosen on the basis of their scientific relevance and the involvement in their study of the Spanish physics community working in the KM3NeT and ANTARES neutrino telescopes.The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support from the following Spanish programs: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER); Generalitat Valenciana: Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019) and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2020/049, /2021/023); Junta de Andalucia (ref. A-FQM-053-UGR18).Hernández-Rey, JJ.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Bou Cabo, M.; Calvo, D.; Díaz, AF.; Gozzini, SR.; Martínez Mora, JA.... (2022). Science with Neutrino Telescopes in Spain. Universe. 8(2):1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe80200891258

Simulación y diseño de un sensor acústico piezoeléctrico para detección de partículas

[EN] Bubble chambers used in detectors for detecting dark matter use piezoelectric sensors in order to detect and discriminate the acoustic signals from bubbles growth in the superheated liquid when a particle interaction occurs. The Research Group in Applied Acoustics to Astroparticles Detection from UPV developed a particle detector, whose acoustic sensors are attached to the outer walls of the chamber. In order to optimize the operation of the sensor, both analytical and numerical models are developed, as well as experimental tests for characterization of sensors design were performed. The results of these studies allows a particular design criterion for the construction of such sensor for future dark matter bubble chamber detectors.[ES] Las cámaras de burbujas empleadas en los detectores para la detección de materia oscura, utilizan sensores piezoeléctricos para detectar y discriminar las señales acústicas emitidas por las burbujas que se generan a partir de la interacción de partículas con el fluido sobrecalentado presente en el interior de dicha cámara. El grupo de Investigación en Acústica Aplicada a la Detección de Astropartículas de la UPV ha desarrollado un modelo de detector de partículas, cuyos sensores acústicos se encuentran pegados en las paredes exteriores de la cámara. Con el objetivo de entender el comportamiento y optimizar el funcionamiento del sensor, se desarrollan modelos analíticos y numéricos, así como pruebas experimentales para su caracterización. Los resultados de estos estudios permiten tener un criterio de diseño para la adecuada construcción de tales sensores en futuras cá- maras de burbujas para la detección de materia oscuraCampo-Valera, MM.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Felis-Enguix, I.; Martínez Mora, JA. (2018). Simulación y diseño de un sensor acústico piezoeléctrico para detección de partículas. Revista de Acústica. 49(1-2):11-18. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/102342S1118491-