POTENCIALES PLAGAS E INSECTOS BENÉFICOS ENCONTRADOS EN EL CULTIVO DEL SESAMO Sesamum indicum L. EN EL DISTRITO DE PEDRO JUAN CABALLERO.

El experimento fue ejecutado en el Campo Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Sede Pedro Juan Caballero en la Colonia «Raúl Ocampos Rojas»distante a 25 km de la ciudad. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, con el objetivo de determinar los insectos presentes en el cultivo del Sésamo (Sesamum indicum Linneo) fueron realizados levantamientos quincenales de insectos, durante cuatro meses, utilizando diferentes tipos de trampas; seis trampas adhesivas coloridas (tres blanco y tres amarillo) para atrapar insectos presentes en el cultivo, red entomológica para insectos voladores, aspirador de boca para insectos pequeños y monitoreo en forma individual. Durante los levantamientos efectuados fueron encontrados varios insectos fitófagos como: Myzus persicae (pulgón)(Homoptera);  Euchistus heros (Chinche)(Hemiptera);Diabrotica speciosa, Lagria villosa,Astilus variegatus y Epicauta sp.(Coleoptera),Spodoptera frugiperda, Agrotis ipsilon, y Heliotis sp.(Lepidoptera) y un ortoptero perteneciente a la familia acrididae; cabe resaltar que los insectos citados no  han ocasionado perjuicio alguno ni fueron encontrados en elevadas poblaciones. Sin embargo, la hormiga cortadoraAtta sexdens rubropilosa (ysau) fue el insecto más abundante dentro del orden Hymenoptera causando severas desfoliaciones a las plantas cultivadas del sésamo (Sesamun indicum) principalmente a las variedades «escoba» y «dorada»en relación a las otras variedades cultivadas. Entre los insectos benéficos colectados se citana. Cycloneda sanguínea (Coleoptera)y b. Zelus sp. (Hemiptera) que aparecieron en forma esporádica

Clinical manifestations of intermediate allele carriers in Huntington disease

Objective: There is controversy about the clinical consequences of intermediate alleles (IAs) in Huntington disease (HD). The main objective of this study was to establish the clinical manifestations of IA carriers for a prospective, international, European HD registry. Methods: We assessed a cohort of participants at risk with <36 CAG repeats of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Outcome measures were the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor, cognitive, and behavior domains, Total Functional Capacity (TFC), and quality of life (Short Form-36 [SF-36]). This cohort was subdivided into IA carriers (27-35 CAG) and controls (<27 CAG) and younger vs older participants. IA carriers and controls were compared for sociodemographic, environmental, and outcome measures. We used regression analysis to estimate the association of age and CAG repeats on the UHDRS scores. Results: Of 12,190 participants, 657 (5.38%) with <36 CAG repeats were identified: 76 IA carriers (11.56%) and 581 controls (88.44%). After correcting for multiple comparisons, at baseline, we found no significant differences between IA carriers and controls for total UHDRS motor, SF-36, behavioral, cognitive, or TFC scores. However, older participants with IAs had higher chorea scores compared to controls (p 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that aging was the most contributing factor to increased UHDRS motor scores (p 0.002). On the other hand, 1-year follow-up data analysis showed IA carriers had greater cognitive decline compared to controls (p 0.002). Conclusions: Although aging worsened the UHDRS scores independently of the genetic status, IAs might confer a late-onset abnormal motor and cognitive phenotype. These results might have important implications for genetic counseling. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01590589

Clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Huntington's disease

Background: The frequency of late-onset Huntington's disease (&gt;59 years) is assumed to be low and the clinical course milder. However, previous literature on late-onset disease is scarce and inconclusive. Objective: Our aim is to study clinical characteristics of late-onset compared to common-onset HD patients in a large cohort of HD patients from the Registry database. Methods: Participants with late- and common-onset (30–50 years)were compared for first clinical symptoms, disease progression, CAG repeat size and family history. Participants with a missing CAG repeat size, a repeat size of ≤35 or a UHDRS motor score of ≤5 were excluded. Results: Of 6007 eligible participants, 687 had late-onset (11.4%) and 3216 (53.5%) common-onset HD. Late-onset (n = 577) had significantly more gait and balance problems as first symptom compared to common-onset (n = 2408) (P &lt;.001). Overall motor and cognitive performance (P &lt;.001) were worse, however only disease motor progression was slower (coefficient, −0.58; SE 0.16; P &lt;.001) compared to the common-onset group. Repeat size was significantly lower in the late-onset (n = 40.8; SD 1.6) compared to common-onset (n = 44.4; SD 2.8) (P &lt;.001). Fewer late-onset patients (n = 451) had a positive family history compared to common-onset (n = 2940) (P &lt;.001). Conclusions: Late-onset patients present more frequently with gait and balance problems as first symptom, and disease progression is not milder compared to common-onset HD patients apart from motor progression. The family history is likely to be negative, which might make diagnosing HD more difficult in this population. However, the balance and gait problems might be helpful in diagnosing HD in elderly patients