Turismo accesible en México

Este artículo pretende hacer un análisis sobre el desarrollo del turismo accesible, y su implementación en el caso mexicano. No se trata de realizar un profundo estudio de caso, sino más bien, una descripción de algunas de las acciones más significativas que se han implementado en México en el tema de la accesibilidad, y una reflexión sobre lo que implica la gestión de un sitio de turismo accesible

Etapas del ciclo de vida en el desarrollo del turismo religioso: una comparación de estudios de caso

The religious tourism is a strategic development option for many destinations. It requires a tourism orientation, significant private and public capital investment, and a willingness on the part of religious authorities to adapt to visitor needs. The aim of this article is to examine the development of Catholic tourism in different Mexican and European regions and assess related life-cycle implications. Recommendations are made for developing the potential of the Mexican religious regions, and for advancement of the religious tourism destination life-cycle concept.El turismo religioso es una opción estratégica de desarrollo para muchos destinos. Requiere orientación al turismo, importante inversión de capital privado y público, y predisposición de las autoridades eclesiásticas para adaptarse a las necesidades del visitante. Este artículo examina el turismo religioso de carácter católico en distintos lugares de México y Europa y valora implicaciones relacionadas con el ciclo de vida. Finalmente, se hacen recomendaciones para desarrollar el potencial de los lugares analizados, y para el avance del concepto de ciclo de vida de destinos turísticos religiosos

Religious tourism in Los Altos de Jalisco and Andalucía: comparison of the supply and demand between two Marian sanctuaries

En los últimos años se asiste a un redescubrimiento turístico de lugares y eventos de carácter religioso y espiritual, generando una nueva modalidad de turismo, el religioso, siendo esta una opción estratégica de desarrollo económico sostenible de las zonas donde se ubican los centros de peregrinación. Los Altos de Jalisco en México, es una Región ubicada al centro occidente del país que cuenta con un importante flujo de turistas con motivo del peregrinaje religioso que miles de personas realizan cada año para visitar el segundo Santuario Mariano más visitado de México, el de la Virgen de San Juan de los Lagos, así como varios otros dedicados a los mártires de la Guerra Cristera, canonizados por la Iglesia Católica en el año 2000. En este estudio se pretende hacer una comparativa a partir de la experiencia española en la creación de productos turísticos y determinar cuáles son los elementos que existen en Los Altos de Jalisco, para la creación de una Ruta Religiosa de características similares a las que actualmente se ofertan en la Península Ibérica, especialmente en Andalucía.In recent years there has been a touristic rediscovery of religious and spiritual places and events, creating a new kind of tourism, the religious, this being a strategic option for sustainable economic growth on the areas where pilgrimage centers are located. Los Altos de Jalisco in Mexico, it a Region located in the west central part of the country and has an important influx of tourists on religious pilgrimages. Every year thousands of people come to the second most popular Marian Sanctuary in Mexico, the Sanctuary of The Virgin of San Juan de los Lagos, and to several other sanctuaries dedicated to the martyrs of the Cristera War, canonized by the Catholic Church in the year 2000. This research will make a comparison between the Spanish way of creating tourist interests and determine which elements exists in Los Altos de Jalisco for creating a Religious Route with similar characteristics to those that are found today on the Iberian Peninsula, especially in Andalucía

Derivatives of Naphthoquinone As Potential Electroactive Species for Redox FLOW Batteries

The generation of energy from renewable sources (solar and wind) is limited by the weather conditions that turn them into intermittent sources. In addition to this, and due to the large amount of energy produced while minimum demand, energy storage technologies are urgently needed. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a very attractive technology for large-scale energy storage [1]. Currently RFB systems are mostly based on redox reactions of electroactive metal ions, which are limited by their abundance, low solubility, high cost and toxicity. However, organic species have generated great interest [2]. Quinones are the main organic redox active species that have a key role in the electron transport processes of biological systems depending on molecular aromaticity and their electronic structures [3]; for example, the synthesis of ATP and photosynthesis [4]. However, the synthesis of redox species based on quinone analogs for RFB is associated with the unnecessary factor of human and monetary capital. Therefore, the current computer tools allow great opportunities to screen for valuable quinone species for RFB, as well to optimize resources. In this work, a chemical system derived from quinones was proposed as possible electroactive species as redox electrolyte for energy storage applications (Figure 1). Computer calculations of the chemical system were carried out to determine the difference in eV between HOMO-LUMO (Egap) in order to predict their electron transfer ability, as well, the relationship towards their redox properties for RFB applications.First, the molecules shown in Figure 1 were modeled in the program molden to obtain the z matrices. Then, theoretical calculations were performed by Gaussian v.0.9 using the functional hybrid B3LYP with the base 6-311 + G (d, p) in order to obtain the difference of eV between the HOMO-LUMO of the molecules. Subsequently, the proposed molecules were synthesized by Michael addition of 1,4 (DNQ1-6) using substituted anilines. Here, the synthesis reactions were carried out at 70°C for 12 h. On the other hand, the triazole in the DNQ8 was synthesized by means of a catalyzed 1,3-dipolar addition cycle of Huisgen. Electrochemical Studies were carried out by cyclic and linear voltammetry to evaluate the redox reactions, reversibility and the diffusion coefficients in order to confirm the theoretical calculations of the proposed system. The theoretical calculations results showed that all materials have a lower Egap compared to their predecessor NQ (Egap=3.984eV), Figure 1. Therefore, it is possible to say that the DNQ1-8 compounds are suitable as redox electrolyte for flow batteries since at lower Egap higher electrical conductivity, according to the theory of frontier molecular orbitals [5]. Particularly, the DNQ3 and DNQ6 presented the lowest Egap, thus, these compounds could be a very attractive option for a fast electron transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface in a RFB. All the molecules proposed in Figure 1 were synthesized as describe above. The yields were from 63% to 81%. The molecules synthesized with chlorinated reagents exhibit the highest yield and it was attributed to the presence of a better leaving group. UV-vis studies were performed to support the correspondence of the Egap by theoretical calculations. For instance, a batochromic shift of the interactions η → π * was observed at 480 nm approximately for the DNQ1 as compared to this for the DNQ3 at 540 nm approximately. These preliminary results agreed with the theoretical calculations, higher Egap for the DNQ1 as compared to lower Egap for the DNQ3. Overall, the proposed system seems to be suitable for energy storage applications in RFBs, however, electrochemical studies are being carried out and will be presented at the conference in order to confirm these results

Vocación turística de Cazalla de la Sierra (Sevilla) en la época de la COVID 19

Cazalla de la Sierra se ha convertido en un referente en el desarrollo del turismo rural durante los últimos años, para el período 2015-2017, se produjo en la zona un crecimiento del 50% de los alojamientos extrahoteleros, conllevando ello un aumento de sus plazas de hospedaje, con unos ingresos del sector turístico superiores a 11,5 millones de euros para el 2017. Esta población posee el mayor número de recursos patrimoniales culturales, protegidos conforme a la legislación vigente, de toda la comarca de la Sierra Norte de Sevilla. La actividad turística se encuentra consolidada por parte de los agentes socioeconómicos con impacto positivo en términos de generación de empleo y riqueza y de sostenimiento del patrimonio medioambiental y cultural

Hyponatremia influences the outcome of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: an analysis of the CANONIC study

INTRODUCTION: Hyponatremia is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. This analysis aimed to assess if hyponatremia also has prognostic value in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), a syndrome characterized by acute decompensation of cirrhosis, organ failure(s) and high short-term mortality. METHODS: We performed an analysis of the Chronic Liver Failure Consortium CANONIC database in 1,341 consecutive patients admitted to 29 European centers with acute decompensation of cirrhosis (including ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, or bacterial infections, or any combination of these), both with and without associated ACLF (301 and 1,040 respectively). RESULTS: Of the 301 patients with ACLF, 24.3% had hyponatremia at inclusion compared to 12.3% of 1,040 patients without ACLF (P <0.001). Model for end-stage liver disease, Child-Pugh and chronic liver failure-SOFA scores were significantly higher in patients with ACLF and hyponatremia compared to those without hyponatremia. The presence of hyponatremia (at inclusion or during hospitalization) was a predictive factor of survival both in patients with and without ACLF. The presence of hyponatremia and ACLF was found to have an independent effect on 90-day survival after adjusting for the potential confounders. Hyponatremia in non-ACLF patients nearly doubled the risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.81 (1.33 to 2.47)) of dying at 90 days. However, when considering patients with both factors (ACLF and hyponatremia) the relative risk of dying at 90 days was significantly higher (HR 6.85 (3.85 to 12.19) than for patients without both factors. Patients with hyponatremia and ACLF had a three-month transplant-free survival of only 35.8% compared to 58.7% in those with ACLF without hyponatremia (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of hyponatremia is an independent predictive factor of survival in patients with ACLF. In cirrhosis, outcome of patients with ACLF is dependent on its association with hyponatremia

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Childhood acute leukemias are frequent in Mexico City: descriptive epidemiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It is particularly common in the Hispanic populations residing in the United States, Costa Rica, and Mexico City. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute leukemia in children who were diagnosed and treated in public hospitals in Mexico City.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Included in this study were those children, under 15 years of age and residents of Mexico City, who were diagnosed in 2006 and 2007 with leukemia, as determined by using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The average annual incidence rates (AAIR), and the standardized average annual incidence rates (SAAIR) per million children were calculated. We calculated crude, age- and sex-specific incidence rates and adjusted for age by the direct method with the world population as standard. We determined if there were a correlation between the incidence of acute leukemias in the various boroughs of Mexico City and either the number of agricultural hectares, the average number of persons per household, or the municipal human development index for Mexico (used as a reference of socio-economic level).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although a total of 610 new cases of leukemia were registered during 2006-2007, only 228 fit the criteria for inclusion in this study. The overall SAAIR was 57.6 per million children (95% CI, 46.9-68.3); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most frequent type of leukemia, constituting 85.1% of the cases (SAAIR: 49.5 per million), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia at 12.3% (SAAIR: 6.9 per million), and chronic myeloid leukemia at 1.7% (SAAIR: 0.9 per million). The 1-4 years age group had the highest SAAIR for ALL (77.7 per million). For cases of ALL, 73.2% had precursor B-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR: 35.8 per million) and 12.4% had T-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR 6.3 per million). The peak ages for ALL were 2-6 years and 8-10 years. More than half the children (58.8%) were classified as high risk. There was a positive correlation between the average number of persons per household and the incidence of the pre-B immunophenotype (Pearson's r, 0.789; P = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The frequency of ALL in Mexico City is among the highest in the world, similar to those found for Hispanics in the United States and in Costa Rica.</p

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia

BackgroundA heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City (GMC).MethodsA population-based case-control study was conducted. Children &lt;18 years old, newly diagnosed with ALL and residents of GMC were included. Controls were patients without leukemia recruited from second-level public hospitals, frequency-matched by sex, age, and health institution with the cases. The residence address where the patients lived during the last year before diagnosis (cases) or the interview (controls) was used for geolocation. Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic was used to detect spatial clusters (SCs). Relative risks (RR), associated p-value and number of cases included for each cluster were obtained.ResultsA total of 1054 cases with ALL were analyzed. Of these, 408 (38.7%) were distributed across eight SCs detected. A relative risk of 1.61 (p&lt;0.0001) was observed for the main cluster. Similar results were noted for the remaining seven ones. Additionally, a proximity between SCs, electrical installations and petrochemical facilities was observed.ConclusionsThe identification of SCs in certain regions of GMC suggest the possible role of environmental factors in the etiology of childhood ALL

Regional Development Through Religious Tourism. San Juan de los Lagos and Jalostotitlán in Los Altos de Jalisco Region, Mexico

This document shows several of the main findings of the research work in the towns of San Juan de los Lagos and Santa Ana de Guadalupe, Jalostotitlán, Mexico, on the occasion of knowing the impact it has had the policy used by the Ministry of Tourism, regarding the promotion of religious tourism in both populations as a source for economic development.Among the findings are that the project whose intent is to develop a similar route to that of the "Camino de Santiago" in Spain, and include both populations is often unknown to visitors to these religious sites.Another important result concerns the data were limited marketing of products manufactured locally or regionally. This prevents the economic benefits of religious tourism that visits this population, have very little benefit to people nearby